chapter 7

nutrient plays a key role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body making up a ket part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells

proteins

proteins contribute to acid base balance of the blood

pump ions into and out of cells serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

final digestion of protein occurs in the

small intestine

all of the following are components that make up an amino acid except

sodium it includes c , o, h

__ protein is an example of plant-based protein that meets the essential amino acid needs

soy

___ protein is an example of a plant-based protein that meets the essential amino acid needs.

soy

people at risk for PEM

suffering from anorexia nervosa living in poverty hospitalized patients

what will happen if the DNA code contains errors

the polypeptide chain will be incorrect ribosomes will not read the correct message. incorrect mRNA will be produced

why energy needs may not be met in infants and children following a vegetarian or vegan diet

they fill up on high fiber, low-calorie foods that cause fullness

lipoprotein

transport large lipid molecules from the small intestine through the lymph to the blood to the cells

retinol binding protein

transports into and out of tissues and storage proteins vitamin A

transferrin

transports into and out of tissues and storage proteins carrier and storage proteins - iron

the amino group from an amino acid is exerted in the

urine

__ acids are the building block of protein

amino

if you carb intake is inadequate the liver is forced to make glucose from the macronutrient

amino acids

a carbon skeleton is an amino acid without the ___

amino group

when excess protein is consumed, excess amino acids are

converted into glucose and fat metabolized as fuel

fluid buildup in the interstitial fluid is called

edema

lacto-ovo vegetarian foods

eggs AND MILK (differ than vegans) fruit

animal proteins are a good source of all nine ___ amino acids

essential

can't be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in diet

essential amino acid

indispensable amino acid is another term for an

essential amino acid

most plant proteins are examples of complete proteins

false most are incomplete or lower-quality

major sources of fuel for cells

fat carbs

kwashiorkor are true

fatty liver is a possible consequences edema is a possible consequence a young child when he is abruptly weaned from breast milk to starchy gruels

a diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

foods in animal origin are often high in cholesterol foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat

requires a positive protein balance

growth spurt recovering from illness recovering from an injury

blood proteins have what type of influence on body fluids

help to maintain body fluids

__ protein diets can lead to kidney problems and are not recommended for people with (or at risk) for kidney disease

high

match the protein efficiency ratio with the food it would represent

high PER : tuna chicken low PER: corn bread

lack of protein can effect a person's health by

increased risk of infection immune system not working properly

which of the following is the primary cause of marasmus

lack of food/nutrients

protein deficiency is rarely as isolated condition and usually accompanies ___

lack of nutrients calorie deficiency

protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies __

lack of nutrients calories deficiency

an __ amino acid is the essential amino acid is lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs and limits the amount of protein a body can synthesize

limiting

supply the body with usable energy

lipids carbs proteins

most plant proteins are examples of ___ proteins

lower quality missing one of the nine essential amino acids

north americans consume __ proteins from animal sources in comparison to people from other countries

more

function of protein

necessary for fluid balance protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use protein is necessary for the visual process

An __ nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed.

negative

an __ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

nonessential

term for the chemical bond formed between amino acids in protein?

peptide bonds

__ proteins are a heart-healthy alternative to animal proteins because they contain no cholesterol and little saturated fat

plant

almost all enzymes are

protein

the liver and kidneys must work hard to use__ to meet energy needs

protein

proteins serve which of the following functions

protein aid in blood clotting protein regulate and maintain essential body functions proteins play a role in enzyme and hormone production

how does changing a proteins shape affect the protein

protein loses its biological activity it destroys the proteins ability to function properly

what occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses

protein positive balance

there are a total of ___ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

11

proteins supply the body with about __ kilocalories per gram

4kg

gabriel weighs 70 kilograms. calculate his recommended daily intake for protein

56 grams 70x.08

when a protein has a protein deficiency it can result in immune incompetence called

anergy

which macronutrient is a key component of the cells within the immune system and makes up many of the antibodies that defend the body from illness.

antibody

what nutrients are vegans most likely to be low in?

b-12 calcium vit d riboflavin

protein digestion

begins in the stomach to small intestine 1. proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes 4. trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller segments

measurement of how efficiently the absorbed food protein is converted into body tissue protein

biological value

an __ is any compound that resists changes in acid-base conditions in a solution

buffers

hemoglobin

carries oxygen from the lungs to cells

food intolerance

caused by an individuals inability to digest certain food components

food allergy

causes an immune response