Chapter 7 Practice Quiz

Branched-chain amino acids are used for synthesis of dispensable amino acids and for protein synthesis primarily by the: a. muscle b. heart c. kidney d. liver

a

Dehydration can occur because of all of the following EXCEPT: a. excess sodium retention b. glucosuria c. ketonuria d. excess sodium excretion

a

During intense exercise, which of the following contributes maximally to the amount of ATP used by working muscles? a. muscle glycogen b. plasma fatty acids c. blood glucose d. oxidation of amino acids

a

Hyperglycemia can be attributed to a primary failure of the beta-cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin or to: a. decreased glucose uptake by muscle and increased output by liver b. the secretion of too much insulin c. failure of adipocytes to enhance insulin output d. low phosphate levels in the blood

a

The chief substrate for gluconeogenesis during the fasting state is: a. amino acids from muscle breakdown b. lactate from red blood cells and muscle c. ketone bodies d. glycerol from fat mobilization

a

Under the influence of glucagon, which of the following pathways is increased? a. glycogenolysis b. dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase c. dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase d. glycogenesis

a

What step in the Krebs cycle is associated with gluconeogenesis? a. oxaloacetate b. succinyl coA c. fumarate d. citrate

a

Which cells primarily convert glucose into energy storage molecules during the fed state? a. liver b. adipose tissue c. skeletal muscle d. RBCs

a

At rest, the body's primary energy source is: a. amino acids b. fatty acids c. glucose d. lactate

b

The fasting state is associated with a large loss of: a. energy b. urinary nitrogen c. blood glucose d. blood ketones

b

The intensity of a submaximal workload is expressed as a percentage of the: a. respiratory quotient b. VO2 max c. lactic acid concentration d. ATP-CP load

b

The lack of glucose-6-phosphatase causes glucose to be trapped: a. in the gut b. in the muscle c. in the abdominal fat cells d. in the liver

b

Training enhances many factors which aid the athlete's ability to use oxygen, including: a. decreasesd carnitine acyltransferase b. increased number and size of mitochondria c. decreased activity of glycolytic enzymes d. enhanced glucose uptake

b

Which of the following action of insulin occurs within a few seconds? a. repression of synthesis of catabolic enzymes b. membrane changes for glucose transport c. inhibition of activity of catabolic enzymes d. promotion of cell replication

b

A shift in metabolism from gluconeogenesis to glycolysis occurs during the: a. early fasting state b. starvation state c. fed state d. fasting state

c

Citrate is a Krebs cycle intermediate that moves from the mitochondria into the cytoplast to become the initiator of: a. gluconeogenesis b. protein synthesis c. fatty acid synthesis d. ketone bodies

c

If you have not eaten anything for 3 days, which part of the fed-fast cycle would you be in? a. fasting state b. early fasting state c. starvation state d. fed state

c

If your kidneys are not working efficiently, but your liver is working fine, you would expect to see: a. high levels of blood ammonia b. low blood urea nitrogen c. high blood urea nitrogen d. very dilute urine

c

In the human just after a meal, adipose tissue: a. synthesizes most of the triglycerides to be stored b. mobilizes fatty acids into the blood c. takes up triglycerides form chylomicrons and VLDL d. secretes insulin

c

One regulatory role of the nervous system is to: a. remove metabolic waste products b. respond to chemicals by producing hormones c. assess the body's status in relation to environment d. carry hormonal messages to target organs

c

The GI hormones such as secretin and CCK that are secreted in response to glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and changes in acidity: a. primarily stimulate muscle glycogenolysis b. stimulate liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis c. amplify the response of pancreatic islet beta-cells to glucose d. stimulate gluconeogenesis by acting on the muscle to enhance release of alanine

c

The fat derivatives that can be used by the brain for energy are: a. lactates b. fatty acids c. ketone bodies d. Krebs cycle intermediates

c

What two amino acids provide a disposable route for nitrogen produced from the catabolism of muscle amino acids? a. lactate and pyruvate b. tyrosine and phenylalanine c. alanine and glutamine d. tryptophan and cysteine

c

Acetyl CoA is the common molecule to which carbohydrates and most fats and leucine are catabolized. What represents the breakdown products of odd chain fatty acids and glucogenic amino acids? a. lipolysis; ketogenesis b. ketone bodies c. glycogenin d. Krebs cycle intermediates

d

After 40 days of starvation, what amount of energy needs of the brain are supplied by ketones? a. about one-third b. up to one-eigth c. about one-fourth d. more than one-half

d

Ketones are the preferred source of energy during prolonged starvation in the: a. adipose tissue b. red blood cells c. muscles d. brain

d

The primary role of insulin secretin is to direct energy metabolism during the: a. fasting state b. starvation state c. early fasting state d. fed state

d

What amino acid is formed by many tissues from the combination of ammonia and glutamate to shuttle excess nitrogen from catabolized amino acids to the liver? a. glycine b. serine c. valine d. glutamine

d

Which hormone is primarily active only in prolonged starvation? a. glucagon b. ACTH c. insulin d. growth hormone

d

Which of the following amino acids is most used to create glucose during early fasting? a. tyrosine b. threonine c. lysine d. alanine

d