Chapter 8 Questions & Answers

The emotional component of pain is MOST directly linked to activity in the...?

Anterior cingulate cortex

Among prisoners, testosterone would probably be the LOWEST in those convicted of what crime?

Drug offense

The personality factor of hostility is MOST strongly associated with...?

Heart disease

Children who showed the greatest amount of reactivity when placing their hands in cold water were MORE likely to develop...?

High blood pressure as adults

What statement regarding hormones and aggression in humans is FALSE?

High testosterone is linked to aggression in men but not women.

Introversion is associated with...?

Higher levels of HIV

What structure is not one of the ones that helps the body cope with stress?

Hippocampus

Benzodiazepines, which ____ GABA activity, ____ impulsive, violent outbursts in psychiatric patients.

Increases/reduces

People with damage to the amygdala...?

have difficulty learning to avoid harmful situations

Cortisol is not responsible for... ?

increased oxygen transport to muscle cells

Sympathetic arousal does NOT involve...?

increased respiration

Proactive agression is....

is associated with psychopathy, premeditated, unprovoked, and lacks emotional intensity & is similar to predatory aggression in animals.

People with prefrontal damage can probably NOT do...?

learn to avoid risky investments

Greater prefrontal right hemisphere activity is associated with...?

lower antibody production following vaccination

What is NOT a leukocyte?

macrophages

In an early study by Heath with humans, stimulation of the septal area evoked...?

pleasure

In the gambling task described in the chapter, individuals with ventromedial prefrontal damage...?

produced a strong skin conductance response to the risk piles and learned to avoid choosing from the risky card piles.

In humans, aggression is linked to...?

seizures in the amygdala and hypothalamic tumors

Prozac does NOT reduce...?

serotonin levels

Sudden cardiac death may be linked to....?

stress, earthquakes and sports.

Monkeys who are impulsive, reckless and prone to aggressive behavior probably have high ___ and low ___.

testosterone/serotonin

What is NOT considered part of the limbic system?

the hippocampus

People with right hemisphere damage do not have difficulty with

understanding verbal expressions of emotion

According to the James-Lange theory, emotional experiences occur in which order?

Stimulus-arousal/appraisal-emotion

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the pathway for predatory aggression in cats?

Thalamus

What is NOT true of mirror neurons?

That they respond both when we engage in a specific act and when we observe the same act in others

What statement regarding pain is FALSE?

The ability to experience pain is not adaptive

Cortisol is released by the

adrenal glands

In an MRI study, investigators found that the right ___ was larger in people with high scores on ___ avoidance?

anterior cingulate/ harm

Someone with heightened activity in the amygdala would be most likely to experience..?

anxiety

Facial expression...

are all learned from one's family

Heredity accounts for about ___% of the variability in aggression?

50 %

Studies of physiological changes during negative emotions indicate that...?

Blood pressure increases more during anger.

Alcohol appears to influence aggression only in people who have...?

Low serotonin levels

Immune system cells that work by ingesting foreign substances and then displaying their antigens are called...?

Macrophages

Tryptophan is a _____ of serotonin

Precursor

The impulsiveness displayed by people with antisocial personality disorder may result from abnormalities of the....?

Prefrontal cortex.

Allopregnanolone is a metabolite of ____ that may be linked to aggression in females.

Progesterone

What is an example of of offensive aggression?

Two male elk fighting over a female in estrus

Men who drank a substance that inhibited tryptophan...?

Were more likely to take points away from their opponents.

People who underwent prefrontal lobotomy for pain that failed to respond to other treatments...

Were no longer bothered by the pain.

Following the Three Mile Island accident, nearby residents displayed...?

a reduced number of immune cells and a reduced ability to concentrate.

Brain damage in post traumatic stress may be due to increased sensitivity to...?

cortisol