chapter 8 review questions

Which of the following joints have a joint cavity?

the knee (The knee is a synovial joint and, therefore, is composed of a space filled with synovial fluid between the bones that form the joint.)

Muscle tone is a natural contributor to joint stability? true or false

true

Which of the following refers to a joint that is slightly movable?

Amphiarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a(n) ____________.

diarthrosis (Synovial joints are those in which the articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity. This arrangement permits substantial freedom of movement, and all synovial joints are freely movable diarthrosis.)

Most joints of the body and nearly all the joints in the limbs are __________.

diarthrotic synovial joints (Synovial joints contain synovial fluid to permit greater mobility. Joints that are classified as diarthrotic are freely moving. Most joints of the highly mobile skeleton are diarthrotic synovial joints.)

What material is found in C and D that is not found in A and B?

fibrocartilage (Fibrocartilage forms part of the articular materials on the bones shown in C and D, but it is not found in A and B.)

Based upon structural classification, what type of joint is a suture?

fibrous joint (Sutures are classified structurally as fibrous joints. They would be classified functionally as synarthrotic joints based upon their degree of movement.)

All three joints in the figure are classified as __________.

fibrous joints

Which of the following are correctly paired?

synchondrosis; a plate of hyaline cartilage unites the bones. (A synchondrosis is a plate of hyaline cartilage that unites the bones. Epiphyseal plates are examples of synchondroses.)

bones connected exclusively by ligaments

syndesmoses

Which of the joints will eventually develop into a synostosis?

A or the epiphyseal plate

Which of the following is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?

A symphysis. Is a cartilaginous joint, not a fibrous joint.

Which structure in the figure is the primary area of degeneration in osteoarthritis?

B ( Overuse and normal aging can cause degeneration of the cartilage in joints, leading to osteoarthritis.)

Which of the following is true regarding the structure indicated by the black arrow in Figure A?

It becomes ossified late in adult development. (The dense connective tissue that originally forms sutures ossifies to form synostoses during middle age.)

Sprains indicate damage to what joint component?

Ligaments ( In a sprain, the ligaments that reinforce a joint are stretched or torn.)

Which inflammatory joint disease is caused by the bites of ticks that live on mice and deer?

Lyme disease

Why are there NO blood vessels inside the joint cavity of synovial joints?

Movement would damage the delicate blood vessels. (The movement of a joint could potentially damage blood vessels by pinching them between the bones.)

The release of the enzyme metalloproteinase is thought to contribute to the development of ___________.

Osteoarthritis (The current theory on the development of osteoarthritis is that normal joint use releases the enzyme metalloproteinase that breaks down articular cartilage and eventually leads to the development of this condition.)

Which of the following represents a structural classification for joints that are separated by a joint cavity?

Synovial

Osteoarthritis is considered ____________.

a type of arthritis, referred to as degenerative joint disease or "wear-and-tear arthritis". (Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic arthritis and is related to the normal aging process.)

What structural arrangement usually permits the greatest freedom of movement in a joint?

bones joined by a fluid-filled articular capsule. (Synovial joints, those formed by uniting bones via an articular capsule containing synovial fluid, separate the bones and provide the greatest amount of freedom. They are classified as diarthroses, or freely moving joints.)

What is a common characteristic of a syndesmosis and a symphysis?

both may be slightly movable ( Depending on the length of the fibers uniting the bones in a syndesmosis, the joint may permit some movement. Symphyses, where bones are united by fibrocartilage, also permit some movement. Both may be classified as amphiarthroses.)

"Water on the knee" is caused by __________.

bursitis of the prepatellar bursa.

Syndresmosis

can also be found in ankle between the lateral malleolus and the medial malleolus

"peg-in-socket" fibrous joint

gomphoses

Which of the following is classified as a fibrous joint?

gomphosis

The presence of uric acid crystals in the joints is a hallmark of __________.

gout

The arrows in B and C point to structures that can both be described as __________.

ligaments (The band of fibrous tissue that connects two bones is generally referred to as a ligament. In the case of the gomphosis shown in C, the fibrous connection is specifically termed the periodontal ligament.)

As one of four major knee ligaments, the anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is critical to knee stability. Patients with a slightly injured ACL may complain that their knee "wants to give-out from under them." Which of the following is a rehabilitation procedure that would most likely benefit this type of patient?

muscle strengthening exercises

Which of the following are correctly matched?

osteoarthritis; chronic degenerative joint disease. (Osteoarthritis is a common, chronic degenerative joint disease often called "wear-and-tear arthritis.")

Why it is easier for a fall or blow to cause a dislocated shoulder injury than for a comparable fall or blow to cause a dislocated hip injury?

shallower joint socket

bony edges interlocked by short fibers

sutures

bones united mainly by fibrocartilage

symphyses

Which of the following best describes the joint labeled B in the figure?

synarthrotic (The cartilage joint formed between the first rib and the manubrium is immovable, unlike other rib connections to the sternum.)

bones united by plate of hyaline cartilage

synchondroses

Which types of joints may form synostoses during normal growth and development?

synchondroses and sutures (Sutures between the skull bones fuse together to form the strong and immobile cranium. Likewise, the synchondroses of the epiphyseal plates in a long bone ossify, fusing the epiphyses to the diaphysis. Both of these events occur during normal growth and development of the skeleton.)

The epiphyseal growth plate is an example of a(n) ___________.

synchondrosis (the growth plate is composed of hyaline cartilage.)