Chapter 8 Study Guide

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Forceful movement of the foot outward and backward can break both the medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula. This is called a ___________ fracture.

Pott's fracture

List the four proximal carpal bones.

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform

A concave socket located on each coxal bone that articulates with the head of the femur is called the _______________.

acetabulum

The acromion of the scapula articulates with the clavicle at the ______________ joint.

acromioclavicular

Two large scapular processes are called the ________ and the ___________.

acromion ; spine

What is the anatomical and positional differences between the arm and the forearm?

arm is proximal and the forearm is distal

The ___________, also known as the heal bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones.

calcaneus

What cup-shaped scapula structure articulates with the head of the humerus?

glenoid cavity

The proximal and distal phalanges of the big toes ("great toe") are collectively called the ___________.

hallux

Bones have many surface features, such as rough ridges, tubercles, spines, and processes. These structures are the site of attachment for ligaments and ____________.

muscles

The pubic ramus and the ischial ramus create the ______________ foramen.

obturator

The patellar ligament connects the apex of the patella to the _________

tibia

The ____________ joint articulates the scapula to the humerus.

glenohumeral

There are four bones that comprise the pectoral girdles. What are their names?

2 clavicles and 2 scapulas

The posterior portion of the calcaneus has a rough, knob-shaped projection that is the attachment site of ___________ tendon.

Calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)

The distal end of the humerus is called condyle which is divided into two articular regions. What are their names? Which part is spool-shaped? Which part has the olecranon fossa?

Capitulum: forms lateral surface Trochlea: spool shaped, has olecranon fossa

Which muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus shaft?

Deltoid muscle

The surgical neck of the humerus corresponds to the metaphysis of the bone. Why is called the surgical neck?

It's typically where fractures occur

What two main arches are associated with the foot?

Longitudinal: ties the calcaneus tendon to metatarsals Transverse: degree of curvature

What direction does the patella moves over the patellar surface?

Superior to inferior (up and down)

Which metacarpal bone of the hand articulates with the trapezium of the wrist?

The first metacarpal bone

List the four distal carpal bones.

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

which articular region of the humerus condyle do you think the ulna articulates with?

Trochlea

Which bone of the forearm has a trochlear notch?

Ulna

When referring to the forearm bones of a person who is in the anatomical position, the ________ lies medial to the __________.

Ulna lies medial to the radius

Sometimes when we hit our elbow against a hard object, numbing and tingling occurs. Some call this hitting your "funny bone". What nerve is being struck to cause these sensations?

Ulnar nerve

The pelvis is comprised of the _________, ___________, and ____________.

coxal bones, sacrum and coccyx

Where would you find the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?

distal portion of femur

The lateral surface of the ulnar head articulates with the distal end of the radius at the _____________

distal radio-ulnar joint

The ________ is the longest and heaviest bone in the body.

femur

Which bone of the lower extremities is not a weight-bearing bone?

fibula

What bone(s) make up the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

ilium, ischium and pubis

Each of the coxal bones are formed by the fusion of three bones called the ___________, __________, and ___________.

illium, ischium and pubis

The medial border of the fibula is bound to the tibia by an ______________ membrane.

interosseus

When you are sitting the __________ tuberosities bear your body's weight.

ischial

The lateral bump at the ankle is the lateral ___________ of the fibula.

malleous

The medial bump at the ankle is the medial ____________ of the tibia.

malleous

What is the only articulation (joint) between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle?

manubrium

The __________, or kneecap, is a bone that forms within the tendon of a group of muscles called the _________________

patella ; quadriceps femoris

The patella glides over the articular surface of the femur called the __________.

patellar surface

The enclosed space of the true pelvis is called the _____

pelvic inlet

The proximal and distal phalanges, collectively called the __________, are the thumb bones.

pollex

The proximal end of ulna has a radial notch that articulates with the head of the radius at the ____________

proximal radio-ulnar joint

The ______________ is the articulation between the two pubic bones and a middle pad of fibrocartilage.

pubic symphysis

The head of the _________ articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

radius

Metacarpal bones of the foot are identified by ________________ instead of specific names.

roman numerals

Metacarpal bones of the hand are identified by ________________ instead of specific names.

roman numerals

The _______________ joints attach the pelvic girdle to the sacrum.

sacroiliac

What is the name of the flat, triangle-shaped bones that are part of the pectoral girdle?

scapulae

What bone shape is the patella?

sesamoid

The medial part of the clavicle is called the __________ end and the lateral part is called the __________ end.

sternal end ; acromial end

The ____________ joint is where the sternum articulates with the clavicle.

sternoclavicular

There are seven tarsal bones that comprise the ankle. One of the bones called the ___________ transfers the weight of the body from the tibia towards the toes.

talus

The femur articulates distally with the ___________

tibia

The head of the fibula articulates proximally with which bone?

tibia

The _________ notch on the medial surface of the distal end of the radius is the site of articulation with the head of the ulna.

ulnar


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