Chapter 8 Study Guide
Forceful movement of the foot outward and backward can break both the medial malleolus of the tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula. This is called a ___________ fracture.
Pott's fracture
List the four proximal carpal bones.
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform
A concave socket located on each coxal bone that articulates with the head of the femur is called the _______________.
acetabulum
The acromion of the scapula articulates with the clavicle at the ______________ joint.
acromioclavicular
Two large scapular processes are called the ________ and the ___________.
acromion ; spine
What is the anatomical and positional differences between the arm and the forearm?
arm is proximal and the forearm is distal
The ___________, also known as the heal bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones.
calcaneus
What cup-shaped scapula structure articulates with the head of the humerus?
glenoid cavity
The proximal and distal phalanges of the big toes ("great toe") are collectively called the ___________.
hallux
Bones have many surface features, such as rough ridges, tubercles, spines, and processes. These structures are the site of attachment for ligaments and ____________.
muscles
The pubic ramus and the ischial ramus create the ______________ foramen.
obturator
The patellar ligament connects the apex of the patella to the _________
tibia
The ____________ joint articulates the scapula to the humerus.
glenohumeral
There are four bones that comprise the pectoral girdles. What are their names?
2 clavicles and 2 scapulas
The posterior portion of the calcaneus has a rough, knob-shaped projection that is the attachment site of ___________ tendon.
Calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)
The distal end of the humerus is called condyle which is divided into two articular regions. What are their names? Which part is spool-shaped? Which part has the olecranon fossa?
Capitulum: forms lateral surface Trochlea: spool shaped, has olecranon fossa
Which muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus shaft?
Deltoid muscle
The surgical neck of the humerus corresponds to the metaphysis of the bone. Why is called the surgical neck?
It's typically where fractures occur
What two main arches are associated with the foot?
Longitudinal: ties the calcaneus tendon to metatarsals Transverse: degree of curvature
What direction does the patella moves over the patellar surface?
Superior to inferior (up and down)
Which metacarpal bone of the hand articulates with the trapezium of the wrist?
The first metacarpal bone
List the four distal carpal bones.
Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
which articular region of the humerus condyle do you think the ulna articulates with?
Trochlea
Which bone of the forearm has a trochlear notch?
Ulna
When referring to the forearm bones of a person who is in the anatomical position, the ________ lies medial to the __________.
Ulna lies medial to the radius
Sometimes when we hit our elbow against a hard object, numbing and tingling occurs. Some call this hitting your "funny bone". What nerve is being struck to cause these sensations?
Ulnar nerve
The pelvis is comprised of the _________, ___________, and ____________.
coxal bones, sacrum and coccyx
Where would you find the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur?
distal portion of femur
The lateral surface of the ulnar head articulates with the distal end of the radius at the _____________
distal radio-ulnar joint
The ________ is the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
femur
Which bone of the lower extremities is not a weight-bearing bone?
fibula
What bone(s) make up the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
ilium, ischium and pubis
Each of the coxal bones are formed by the fusion of three bones called the ___________, __________, and ___________.
illium, ischium and pubis
The medial border of the fibula is bound to the tibia by an ______________ membrane.
interosseus
When you are sitting the __________ tuberosities bear your body's weight.
ischial
The lateral bump at the ankle is the lateral ___________ of the fibula.
malleous
The medial bump at the ankle is the medial ____________ of the tibia.
malleous
What is the only articulation (joint) between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle?
manubrium
The __________, or kneecap, is a bone that forms within the tendon of a group of muscles called the _________________
patella ; quadriceps femoris
The patella glides over the articular surface of the femur called the __________.
patellar surface
The enclosed space of the true pelvis is called the _____
pelvic inlet
The proximal and distal phalanges, collectively called the __________, are the thumb bones.
pollex
The proximal end of ulna has a radial notch that articulates with the head of the radius at the ____________
proximal radio-ulnar joint
The ______________ is the articulation between the two pubic bones and a middle pad of fibrocartilage.
pubic symphysis
The head of the _________ articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.
radius
Metacarpal bones of the foot are identified by ________________ instead of specific names.
roman numerals
Metacarpal bones of the hand are identified by ________________ instead of specific names.
roman numerals
The _______________ joints attach the pelvic girdle to the sacrum.
sacroiliac
What is the name of the flat, triangle-shaped bones that are part of the pectoral girdle?
scapulae
What bone shape is the patella?
sesamoid
The medial part of the clavicle is called the __________ end and the lateral part is called the __________ end.
sternal end ; acromial end
The ____________ joint is where the sternum articulates with the clavicle.
sternoclavicular
There are seven tarsal bones that comprise the ankle. One of the bones called the ___________ transfers the weight of the body from the tibia towards the toes.
talus
The femur articulates distally with the ___________
tibia
The head of the fibula articulates proximally with which bone?
tibia
The _________ notch on the medial surface of the distal end of the radius is the site of articulation with the head of the ulna.
ulnar