Chapter 8-Supporting Your Ideas
Median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
Mode
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
By telling a story vividly and dramatically, they pull listeners into the speech.
true
Examples
A simple, representative incident or model that clarifies a point
supporting materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
direct quotation
testimony that is presented word for word
Citing Sources Orally
name of document author, sponsoring organization qualifications date
testimony
quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Quoting versus paraphrasing
Testimony can also be presented by paraphrasing. Rather than quoting someone verbatim, you present the gist of that person's ideas in your own words
quoting out of context
quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
Tips for using examples
1. Use examples to clarify your ideas 2. Use examples to reinforce your ideas 3. Use examples to personalize your ideas 4. Make your examples vivid and richly textured 5. Practice delivery to enhance your extended examples
Paraphrasing
Putting into words the ideas or feelings you have perceived from the message
Good speeches are not composed of hot air and generalizations. They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker's point of view.
True
mean
average
brief example
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
Statistics
numerical data
peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic