Chapter 8

Which of the following statements best describes moral reasoning at the conventional level?

"What I did was illegal, but saving a life is what a good person is expected to do."

Most adults reach their peak physical development during their _____.

20's

An individual's incorporation of new info into existing knowledge

Assimilation

Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules.

Authoritarian

What is the biggest challenge faced by psychologists who study infant perception?

Because infants can't speak, psychologists who study infants rely on what infants can do to understand what they know.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the stages of prenatal development?

Conception, zygote, embryonic period, fetal period.

Most children successfully acquire conservation skills during the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Concrete operational

Which of the following is true with regard to development?

Development is the product of nature,nurture, and the complex interaction of the two

Recent research on prosocial behavior has found that

Empathetic parenting is related to more prosocial behavior in children .

Children of permissive parents

Fail to learn respect for others and have difficulty controlling their behavior

The social and psychological aspects of being male or female

Gender

A(n) _____ is a mental framework for understanding what it means to be male or female in one's culture.

Gender Schema

In a female embryo, what allows for the development of female sex organs?

High levels of estrogens

According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to young children's

Inability to take another person's perspective

Postconventional level

Individuals develop personal standards for right and wrong

Which of the following is the final stage of Erikson's socioemotional development?

Integrity versus despair

Which of the following statements is true of Carol Gilligan's care perspective?

It views people in terms of their connectedness with others.

is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other.

Lateralization

The ________ involves changes that occur with age in people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide them as they interact with others.

Moral Development

_____refers to a person's ability to recover or adapt to difficult times

Resilience

Which of the following is most closely associated with the nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate?

Social experiences

According to Hyde, the gender similarities hypothesis

The idea that men and women are much more similar than they are different.

Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain?

The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood

Which of the following statements is true of the development of the brain humans?

The process of myelination begins prenatally.

Which of the following is true of Piaget's preoperational stage?

The symbolic thinking of children in this stage is limited.

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:

adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing _____ is the central task of adolescence.

an identity

The free-radical theory states that aging is caused by _____.

damage to DNA

Which of the following infant reflexes disappears in the months following birth as infants develop voluntary control over many behaviors?

gripping

The sense of _____ is the most dangerous aspect of adolescent egocentrism.

invincibility

individual's environmental and social experiences.

nurture

Any agent that causes a birth defect

teratogen

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the four stage of psychology development?

(1) sensorimotor intelligence, (2) preoperational thinking, (3) concrete operational thinking, and (4) formal operational thinking

Which of the following statements is true, based on terror management theory research?

-thinking about death leads people to be protective of their cultural worldview -a challenge to one's cultural worldview leads people to have increased death-thought accessibility

Which of the following is a difference between older and younger adults?

Older adults tend to not do as well as younger adults in most aspects of memory.

What infant-perception research technique involves giving an infant a choice of what object to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other?

Preferential Looking

Which of the following refers to a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in early adolescence?

Puberty

According to the text, some researchers disagree with the notion that the labels "easy," "difficult," and "slow-to-warm-up" are the best way to conceptualize temperament. These psychologists argue that _____ are the core dimensions of temperament.

Self-regulation, inhibition, and negative affectivity

According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, the first stage of Cognitive Development lasts from birth to about two years of age is the _____ stage.

Sensorimotor

According to piaget's theory of cognitive development the first stage of cognitive

Sensormotor

Which of the following was proposed by Kubler-Ross?

She proposed a stage model of confronting death, in which the dying individual progresses from denial to acceptance.

Recent research on prosocial behavior has found that _____.

Supportive parenting is related to more prosocial behavior in children

An individual's behavioral style and characteristic way of responding.

Temperament

In the context of prenatal development, which of the following statements is true of teratogens?

The effects of teratogens depend on the timing on exposure.

Recovery plan by George Bunno

These individuals experience profound sadness and the grief dissipates more slowly

Erikon's First four step

Trust vs. mistrust, Autonomy vs. shame and guilt, Initiative vs. guilt, Industry vs. inferiority

neglectful parenting

children whose parents are neglectful tend to be less competent socially, to handle independence poorly, and (especially) to show poor self-control.

Which stage of cognitive development involves replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in concrete situations?

concrete operational

The work of Harry Harlow established that

contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process.

By the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings

embryonic

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, ______ is the best way to build an infant's sense of trust

engaging in responsive care-giving

According to James Marcia, the two dimensions of identity are

exploration and commitment

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing _____ is the key challenge of adolescence.

identity

A parenting style wherein very few limits or boundaries are set and ample freedom is given to children most likely indicates a(n) _____ parenting style.

permissive

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, an individual who recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code is operating at the _____ level of moral development.

postconventional

fetal period

the time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child