chapter 9

fall at the beginning of a long report and essentially "replaces" the entire report. Aimed at decision makers rather than technical audiences, its purpose is to motivate readers to act on the information.

executive abstract

appears just after the title page of a long report and encapsulates what the full version says: the need or issue that prompted the report, the research methods used, the main facts and findings, and the

informative abstract

what is Summaries?

summary is a restatement of the main ideas in a longer document.

4. What is a potential pitfall of a summarized version of a complex document? - a) It always provides a clearer understanding of the topic. - b) It often fails to communicate the entire story. - c) It usually includes unnecessary details. - d) It increases the length of the document.

- b) It often fails to communicate the entire story.

what are the Special Types of Summaries?

1-A closing summary 2-informative abstract 3-descriptive abstract 4-executive abstract

ethical pitfalls when summarizing information:

1-incomplete Storytelling: Summaries, especially of complex documents, can give a useful overview but may miss out on telling the whole story. 2-Potential for Distortion: When someone summarizes a long piece, they have to decide what to include, emphasize, or leave out. This can sometimes distort the original message. 3-Loss of Original Voice: In a summary of someone else's work, the unique tone or style of the original author often disappears, along with their perspective or intention.

Readers expect the following from a summary:

1. Accuracy: it should reflect the content, emphasis, and line of reasoning of the original document. 2. Completeness: it should represent all of the main ideas of the original document. 3. Readability: it should be clear, straightforward, and easy to understand. 4. Conciseness: it should be readable in a few minutes at most. 5. Nontechnical style: it should be simplified from the original (document that uses nontechnical terms), but not distorted.

provide a summary, which should do three things for readers:

1. Describe, in short form, what the original document is all about. 2. Help readers decide whether to read the entire document, parts of it, or none of it. 3. Give readers a framework for understanding the full document that will follow.

7. What is a potential ethical concern when summarizing a lengthy document? - a) The summarized version might be too long. - b) The original author's viewpoint or intent may be lost or misrepresented. - c) Summaries always improve the original content. - d) Summaries make the original content obsolete

b) The original author's viewpoint or intent may be lost or misrepresented.

5. Summarizing a lengthy piece can lead to: - a) Always maintaining the original intent of the author. - b) An increased length of the original piece. - c) Distortion of the original content due to decisions about what to emphasize or ignore. - d) A more accurate representation of the content.

c) Distortion of the original content due to decisions about what to emphasize or ignore. -

8. Which statement best describes the challenge of summarizing information ethically? - a) Summaries should always be longer than the original content. - b) Summaries should never include links to the full content. - c) Summarizers have the power to decide what to emphasize and what to ignore, which can lead to distortion. - d) Summaries always provide a full and accurate representation of the original conten

c) Summarizers have the power to decide what to emphasize and what to ignore, which can lead to distortion.

6. In summarizing someone else's writing, which aspect of the original content is most likely to disappear? - a) The length of the original content - b) The fonts and graphics used in the original content - c) The tone or "voice" of the original author - d) The hyperlinks in the original content

c) The tone or "voice" of the original author

1. Why are summaries attractive to today's readers? - a) They are easier to write than full-length articles. b) They can easily fit into social media platforms. - c) They provide a concise overview of a topic in an era where information overload is common. d) They include detailed explanations.

c) They provide a concise overview of a topic in an era where information overload is common.

3. One of the benefits of summaries in digital platforms is: - a) They can replace the need for full articles. - b) They always provide a completely unbiased viewpoint. - c) Writers can include links to detailed reports or news items. - d) They eliminate the risk of distortion.

c) Writers can include links to detailed reports or news items.

appears at the beginning of a long report's conclusion section and helps readers review and remember the preceding major findings.

closing summary

what the purpose of the Summaries?

convey the general meaning of the ideas in the original source without all the details or examples that may appear in the original.

appears at the beginning of a long report and merely describes the report in the briefest and most general manner possible.; it doesn't give the report's main points

descriptive abstract