Chapter 9 Multiple Choice ABDOMEN, A & P II Chapter 20, Chapter 18- blood vessels and circulation, ANATOMY FINAL

What are the three branches off of the celiac trunk and which organs do these vessels supply?

-Left gastric artery (part of stomach, esophagus) -Splenic artery (spleen, part of stomach, pancreas) -Common hepatic artery (liver, gallbladder, part of stomach, duodenum, pancreas)

Three unpaired arteries supplying GI tract

-abdominal aorta had celiac trunk -superior mesenteric artery -inferior mesenteric artery

Internal carotid

-anterior and middle cerebral arteries (brain) -ophthalmic artery (eyes and surrounding structures)

Internal thoracic artery

-anterior thoracic wall and mammary gland -emerges from subclavian traveling lateral to sternum -branches into six anterior intercostal arteries -branches into musculophrenic artery -becomes superior epigastric (superior abdominal wall)

Supreme intercostal artery

-branch of costocervical trunk -branches into first and second posterior intercostal arteries -posterior intercostals 3-11 branches off thoracic aorta -anastomose with anterior intercostals

Inferior epigastric artery (inferior abdominal wall)

-branch of external iliac -anastomoses with superior epigastric artery

Hepatic portal system

-digested nutrients processed by the liver -harmful agents absorbed in blood processed by liver -receives products of erythrocyte destruction from spleen

Azygos system of veins

-hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos (left side) -azygos (right side and hemiazygos veins) -receive blood from lumbar and posterior intercostal veins -drain into superior vena cava

Common hepatic branches

-hepatic artery proper (liver, gallbladder, part of stomach) -gastroduodenal artery (part of stomach, duodenum, pancreas)

Cerebral arterial circle

-important arterial anastomosis -formed from posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral, anterior communicating artery -equalizes blood pressure in brain -provide collateral channels if vessel becomes blocked

Branches of superior mesenteric artery

-intestinal arteries (jejunum and ileum) -middle colic artery (most of transverse colon) -right colic artery (ascending colon) -ileocolic artery (ileum, cecum, appendix)

Inferior mesenteric artery branches

-left colic artery (distal transverse colon, descending colon) -sigmond arteries (part of descending colon and sigmoid colon) -superior rectal artery (rectum)

Posterior abdominal organs

-middle suprarenal artery (adrenal gland) -renal artery (kidney) -gonadal artery (gonad)

What are the three primary veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein of the hepatic portal system?

-splenic vein -inferior mesenteric vein -superior mesenteric vein

Venous branches of hepatic portal system

-splenic vein -inferior mesenteric vein -superior mesenteric vein -hepatic portal vein -hepatic veins

Branches of external carotid artery

-superior thyroid artery (thyroid gland and larynx) -ascending pharyngeal artery (pharynx) -lingual artery (tongue) -facial artery (face)

Three main arterial branches from aortic arch

1. Brachiocephalic (right common carotid and right subclavian) 2. Left common carotid artery 3. Left subclavian artery

What are the three main branches off of the aortic arch?

1. Brachiocephalic trunk (right common carotid and right subclavian) 2. Left common carotid 3. Left subclavian artery

Three branches of the celiac trunk

1. left gastric artery (part of stomach, esophagus) 2. splenic artery (spleen, part of stomach and pancreas) 3. common hepatic artery (liver)

Which is the largest of the cranial veins? a. great cerebral vein b. inferior sagittal sinus c. superior sagittal sinus d. straight sinus

c. superior sagittal sinus

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the mother? a. ductus arteriosus b. umbilical artery c. umbilical vein d. foramen ovale

c. umbilical vein

What four arteries extend from each subclavian artery and aortic arch to supply the head and neck? What three primary veins drain these regions?

common carotid and vertebral arteries, thyrocervical trunk and costocervical These regions are then drained by the vertebral internal jugular, and external jugular veins

Median sacral artery

from bifurcation of aorta in pelvis

What structures are drained by the superior vena cava?

head, neck, upper limbs, thoracic and abdominal walls

Celiac trunk

located immediately inferior to aortic opening

Superior mesenteric artery

located immediately inferior to celiac trunk

Inferior mesenteric artery

located superior to bifurcation of aorta at level L3 vertebra

Arterial supply

most supplied by common carotid arteries; divides into external and internal carotid artery; additional blood supplied by branches of subclavian artery

Lumbar arteries

off descending abdominal aorta

Vertebral vein and external jugular vein

on each side of head, empty into subclavian vein, external jugular draining superficial head and neck

Arterial branches

oxygenated blood pumped out of left ventricle to ascending aorta

Left and right coronary arteries

emerge immediately from wall of ascending aorta and supply the heart wall

The right renal artery passes_____ to the inferior vena cava (IVC). a. Anterior b. Posterior c. Lateral d. Medial

b. Posterior

What are the systemic arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the lungs?

Bronchial arteries, emerging from the descending thoracic aorta

Which of these is found in all the vessels, regardless of type or size? a. valves b. internal elastic layer c. endothelium d. connective tissue sheath

c. endothelium

What arteries supply the kidneys? The uterus?

Renal arteries Uterine arteries

Which vein is responsible for collecting blood from the kidneys? a. common iliac vein b. phrenic vein c. renal vein d. hepatic vein

c. renal vein

The distribution of the superior mesenteric artery is to the: a. Distal half of colon and the liver b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines c. Small intestine and the proximal half of colon d. Large intestine and the distal half of colon

b. Proximal half of colon and the small intestines

The most common tumor to fill the IVC is: a. Islet cell carcinoma b. Renal cell carcinoma c. Venous angioma d. Nephroma

b. Renal cell carcinoma

What vessel passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas? a. Superior mesenteric artery b. Superior mesenteric vein c. Inferior mesenteric vein d. Splenic vein

b. Superior mesenteric vein

Coronary sinus

drains into right atrium and delivers deoxygenated blood from heart myocardium

The portal veins carry blood from the ______________ to the liver. a. Hepatic artery b. Intestinal tract c. Splenic artery d. Peripheral venous system

b. Intestinal tract

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the: a. Common hepatic artery b. Left gastric artery c. Splenic artery d. Superior mesenteric artery

a. Common hepatic artery

Budd-Chiari syndrome demonstrates thrombosis of the: a. Hepatic veins b. Hepatic arteries c. Portal veins d. Inferior vena cava (IVC)

a. Hepatic veins

Which one of the following vascular structures courses between the aorta and SMA? a. Left renal vein b. Celiac trunk c. Gastroduodenal artery d. Left renal artery

a. Left renal vein

The inferior mesenteric artery distributes blood to the: a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum b. Ascending colon, sigmoid, and rectum c. Descending colon d. Ascending colon and rectum

a. Left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum

Blood enters the systemic circuit through which major vessel? a. ascending aorta b. inferior vena cava c. pulmonary trunk d. brachiocephalic trunk

a. ascending aorta

In what type of vessel will vasomotion occur? a. capillaries b. arterioles c. muscular arteries d. large arteries

a. capillaries

Through which passageway does blood from the pulmonary trunk bypass the lungs? a. ductus arteriosus b. ductus venosus c. foramen ovale d. septal defect

a. ductus arteriosus

Which of the following vessels is NOT associated with the blood supply of the brain? a. external jugular vein b. internal carotid arter c. vertebral artery d. dural sinus

a. external jugular vein

What is the longest vein in the body? a. great saphenous vein b. inferior vena cava c. femoral vein d. cephalic vein

a. great saphenous vein

Which of the following vessels carries oxygen-poor blood? a. pulmonary arteries b. pulmonary veins c. vertebral artery d. brachiocephalic trunk

a. pulmonary arteries

Superior vena cava

all veins draining head, neck, upper limbs, thoracic and abdominal walls

Inferior vena cava

all veins inferior to diaphragm merge, carry blood from lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, abdominal structures, to the right of descending abdominal aorta

In patients with lower trunk and leg edema and a dilated IVC, a(n) _______________ should be suspected. a. Rupture b. Atrioventricular fistula c. Retroperitoneal tumor d. Infection

b. Atrioventricular fistula

The duodenum and parts of the stomach are supplied by the: a. Hepatic artery b. Gastroduodenal artery c. Splenic artery d. Superior mesenteric artery

b. Gastroduodenal artery

Which one of the following statements is incorrect? a. The portal vein enters the lesser omentum. b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas. c. The portal vein drains blood out of the gastrointestinal tract. d. The portal vein has an anastomosis with the esophageal veins, rectal venous plexus, and superficial abdominal veins.

b. The portal vein is formed anterior to the pancreas.

What vessel gives rise to the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery? a. ascending aorta b. brachiocephalic artery c. aortic arch d. thoracic aorta

b. brachiocephalic artery

What type of capillary filters blood into the kidneys? a. continuous b. fenestrated c. sinusoid d. collateral

b. fenestrated

In which vessel would a baroreceptor be found? a. basilar artery b. internal carotid artery c. jugular vein d. subclavian vein

b. internal carotid artery

From which vessels do the umbilical arteries originate? a. inferior vena cave b. internal iliac arteries c. ductus venosus d. abdominal aorta

b. internal iliac arteries

Which vessels may be sympathetically stimulated to venoconstrict during serious hemorrhaging? a. arterioles b. medium-sized veins c. venae cavae d. large arteries

b. medium-sized veins

Which of the following is NOT a defect in tetralogy of Fallot? a. pulmonary stenosis b. patent foramen ovale c. ventricular septal defect d. enlarge right ventricle

b. patent foramen ovale

Which artery is located posterior to the knee joint? a. femoral artery b. popliteal artery c. dorsal pedis artery d. internal iliac artery

b. popliteal artery

Venous branches

blood returned to right atrium by three vessels; superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Vertebral artery

brain

Left and right common iliac arteries

branch off abdominal aorta, further divided into internal iliac and external iliac

The arterial supply to the gallbladder is via the: a. Hepatic artery b. Superior mesenteric artery c. Cystic artery d. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Cystic artery

The vessel that arises from the anterior aortic wall and takes a parallel course to the aorta is the: a. Hepatic artery b. Renal artery c. Superior mesenteric artery d. Inferior mesenteric artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

Which vascular structure is used as a landmark in locating the celiac trunk? a. Common bile duct b. Common hepatic artery c. Superior mesenteric artery d. Gastroduodenal artery

c. Superior mesenteric artery

Which of the following is a superficial vein? a. axillary b. subclavian c. cephalic d. radial

c. cephalic

Which of the following forms a special connection between the umbilical vein and the inferior vena cava in the fetus? a. ductus arteriosus b. umbilical ligament c. ductus venosus d. foramen ovale

c. ductus venosus

Ascending aorta

curves toward left side of body and becomes aortic arch

The normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____millimeters (mm). a. 2 b. 4 c. 10 d. 23

d. 23

The most common cause of abdominal aneurysms is: a. Cystic medial necrosis b. Syphilis c. Atheroma d. Arteriosclerosis

d. Arteriosclerosis

Which one of the following statements is false for a patient with renal vein thrombosis? a. Direct visualization of thrombi in the renal vein and IVC is possible. b. Loss of normal renal structure occurs. c. Renal size increases in the acute phase. d. Doppler flow increases.

d. Doppler flow increases.

The clinical signs of leg edema, low back pain, pelvic pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and renal and liver problems may represent: a. Abdominal rupture b. Superior mesenteric thrombus c. Retroperitoneal tumor d. IVC thrombosis

d. IVC thrombosis

Renal arteries branch from the lateral wall of the aorta: a. At the level of L4 b. Superior to the SMA c. Superior to the hepatic arteries d. Inferior to the SMA

d. Inferior to the SMA

The portal venous system receives blood from all of the following except the: a. Gallbladder b. Pancreas c. Spleen d. Kidneys

d. Kidneys

The IVC courses anteriorly to enter the: a. Right ventricle b. Left atrium c. Right coronary sinus d. Right atrium

d. Right atrium

Which one of the following veins begins at the hilum of the spleen and is joined by the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vein? a. Pancreatic b. Portal c. Superior mesenteric d. Splenic

d. Splenic

Which one of the following vascular structures relates to the medial and posterior borders or to the pancreatic body and tail? a. Splenic artery b. Hepatic artery c. Superior mesenteric artery d. Splenic vein

d. Splenic vein

Which one of the following vessels passes anterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas? a. Hepatic artery b. Portal vein c. Left renal vein d. Superior mesenteric artery

d. Superior mesenteric artery

What is the first major branch off the abdominal aorta? a. hepatic artery b. splenic arter c. superior mesenteric artery d. celiac trunk

d. celiac trunk

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the celiac trunk? a. left gastric artery b. splenic artery c. common hepatic artery d. inferior mesenteric artery

d. inferior mesenteric artery

What condition would allow blood from the left atrium to mix with blood in the right atrium? a. ventricular septal defect b. tetralogy of Fallot c. transposition of great vessels d. patent foramen ovale

d. patent foramen ovale

Which part of the entire circulatory system holds most of the blood volume at rest? a. system capillaries b. heart c. pulmonary circuit d. system veins

d. system veins

What benefits do anastomoses provide to the circulatory system? a. they allow blood to exit the vessels b. they increase blood pressure c. they prevent backflow of blood d. they lower the impact of occlusions

d. they lower the impact of occlusions

Which of these is found in venules? a. valves b. smooth muscle c. elastic layer d. tunica externa

d. tunica externa

What is the thickest layer in a muscular artery a. endothelium b. tunica external c. elastic layer d. tunica media

d. tunica media

Venous drainage

drained by three primary veins: vertebral, external jugular, and internal jugular veins

Internal jugular vein

drains blood from cranial cavity, joins subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

Descending thoracic aorta

projects inferiorly from aortic arch and has several branches supplying thoracic wall and viscera (internal organs)

Descending abdominal aorta

supplies abdominal organs

Internal carotid artery

supplies internal skull structures

Left common carotid artery

supplies left side of head and neck

Left subclavian artery

supplies left upper limb and some thoracic structures

External carotid artery

supplies structures external to skull

Right common carotid artery

supplying blood to right side of head and neck

External iliac

supplying lower limb

Internal iliac

supplying pelvic and perineal structures

Right subclavian artery

supplying right upper limb and some thoracic structures

Thyrocervical trunk

thyroid gland, part of neck and shoulder

Common carotid arteries

travel parallel immediately lateral to trachea