Chapter 9 Pathology
Achlorhydria, failure to absorb vitamin B12, and megaloblastic anemia (inhibition of DNA Synthesis) are characteristic features of which of the following? A.Pernicious anemia B.Thalassemia C.Sickle cell anemia D.Thrombocytopenic purapura
A
All of the following are typical oral complications of diabetes except one. Which one is the exception? A.Squamous cell carcinoma B.Candidiasis C.Dental Caries D.Periodontal disease
A
Hyperpuitarism results from an excessive production of growth hormone. Which of the following most often causes it? A.Pituitary adenoma B.Pituitary sarcoma C.Carcinoma in situ D.Ameloblastoma
A
If a patient's white blood cell count is 1000 cells/microliter A.Leukopenia B.Thrombocytopenia C.Hemophilia D.Cyclic neutropenia
A
In leukemia, which type of therapy can have the most significant side effects for the patient? A.Induction chemotherapy B. Maintenance chemotherapy C. Radiation to central nervous system D. Drugs and radiation
A
Normal Bleeding time is usually between A.1 and 6 minutes B.2 and 3 minutes C.15 and 45 seconds D.10 and 15 minutes
A
Secondary aplastic anemia can be caused by: A.Chemotherapy B.Dental radiographs C.A genetic disorder D.An autoimmune factor
A
Which of the following is false concerning gestational diabetes? A.It occurs in the majority of women during pregnancy B.It follows the pattern of insulin resistance C.The hormones progesterone and cortisol may play a role in its development D.There is an increased risk for the mother to develop type two diabetes later in life
A
Which of the following is not true about the insulin pump? A.It uses only long-acting or slow-acting insulin B.The patient must still test blood sugar several times daily C.Rapid onset of ketoacidosis may occur with pump failure D.Insulin dosage may be less than with syringe delivery
A
Acanthosis nigrocans is a skin disorder associated with which condition? A.Anemia B.Hyperthyroidism C.Type 2 diabetes D.Addison disease
C
All of the following are characteristic of primary hyperparathyroidism except one. Which one is the exception? A.Osteoclastic resorption B.Excessive production of parathyroid hormone C.Cotton-wool radiographic appearance D.Increased serum calcium
C
Exopthalamos is a characteristic feature in which one of the following? A.Hypothyroidism B.Acromegaly C.Graves disease D.Myxedema
C
Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which of the following conditions? A.Hyperthyroidism B.Hypothroidism C.Hyperparathyroidism D.Hyperpituitarism
C
In the measurement of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which classification of newly developed drugs decreases blood glucose by increasing the excretion of urinary glucose? A.Sulfonylureas B.Biguanides C.SGLT2 D. Incretin mimetics
C
Polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia are all typically characteristic of which of the following? A.Hyperparathyroidism B.Hyperthyroidism C.Type 1 diabetes mellitus D.Addison disease
C
Type I and type 2 diabetes mellitus typically have which of the following in common? A.Autoimmune-mediated disease B.Insulin resistance C.Chronic hyperglycemia D.Time of onset
C
Which of the following is not true of type 2 diabetes mellitus? A.Those with it have increased insulin resistance B.It typically occurs at 40 years of age or older C.It represents approximately 3% of primary diabetes cases D.Glucose control can be achieved without daily insulin injections
C
Which of the following is the normal INR range for an individual not on warfarin? A.0.8 to 12.0 B.3.0 to 4.0 C.0.8 to 1.1 D.5.0 to 6.0
C
Which one of the following is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin synthesis? A.Iron deficiency anemia B.Pernicious anemia C.Cooly anemia D.Nutritional anemia
C
All of the following are complications from macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception? A.Abdominal aortic aneurysm B.Cerebrovascular accident C.Myocardial infarction D.Damage to nerves with impairment of sensation
D
All of the following occur in the uncontrolled diabetic state except one. Which one is the exception? A.Reduction in the phagocytic activity of macrophages B.Delay in chemotaxsis of neutrophils C.Ketoacidosis D.Preservation of body mass
D
Excessive numbers of abnormal white blood cells are characteristic of: A.Agranulocytosis B.Leikopenia C.Cyclic Neutropenia D. Leukemia
D
Hyperthyroidism in children can lead to: A.Partial anodontia B.Amelogenesis imperfecta C.Ankylosis D.Early Exfoliation of the deciduous dentition and early eruption of the permanent teeth
D
Osteonecrosis of the jaw is associated with: A.Antipsychotic medications B.Tetracycline C.Phenytoin D.Bisphosphonates
D
Patients with Addison disease crave which of the following due to hyponatremia? A.Natural vitamins B.Sugar C.Dairy Products D. Salt
D
Symptoms of leukemia can be similar to those found in: A.Hepatitis B.Amelogenesis imperfecta C.Nonthrombocytopenic purapura D.Infectious meonucleosis
D
Thalassemia major is A.Caused by a nutritional deficiency B.The same as celiac sprue C.An autoimmune condition D.Associated with a severe hemolytic anemia
D
The International Normalized Ratio is all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? A.An expression of the ratio of prothrombin time to thromboplastin activity B.More accurate than the prothrombin time because it is standardized from laboratory to laboratory C.A test used to determine the patient's ability to form a clot D.A test used to assess the patient's platelet number
D
Which of the following does not apply to the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test? A.It measures glucose control over a 4-month period B.It is one of several criteria used for the diagnosis of diabetes C.The lower the value, the better the glucose control D.It is used only in the management of type 1 diabetes
D
Which of the following is characterized by an abnormal increase in circulating red blood cells? A.Leukopenia B.Polydipsia C.Thrombocytopenia D.Polycythemia
D
Which of the following is false concerning periodontal disease and its relationship to diabetes mellitus? A.It aggravates diabetic control B.It has prognostic or predictive value for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in certain ethnic groups C.Patients who do not respond to periodontal therapy may have undiagnosed diabetes D.Good oral hygiene wil resolve all gingival conditions
D
Which of the following oral complications is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus? A.Candidiasis B.Xerostomia C.Periodontal bone loss D.Excessive bleeding
D
Which one of the following is false concerning Addison disease? A.It is also known as primary adrenal cortical insufficiency B.There may be bronzing of the skin C.It may be caused by a malignant tumor that destroys the adrenal gland D.The patient may experience pathologic fracture
D
Which one of the following is not a cause of iron deficiency anemia? A.Chronic blood loss B.A deficiency of iron intake C.An increased requirement for iron D.Normal bone marrow function
D
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of sickle cell anemia? A.It is an inherited blood disorder found predominantly in blacks B.It occurs as a result of an abnormal type of hemoglobin and decreased oxygen in the red blood cells C.The individual with sickle cell anemia can experience weakness fatigue and joint pain D.Red blood cells are circular in shape
D
According to the World Health Organization, which two countries will contribute the largest number of diabetes cases worldwide by the year 2030 A.The United States of America B.India and China C.Sweden and Finland D.Denmark and Germany
B
All of the following are typically acute metabolic complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception? A.Electrolyte depletion B.Myocardial infarction C.Polyphagia D.Polydipsia
B
All of the following conditions are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception? A.Addison disease B.Hyperpituitarism C.Graces disease D.Pernicious anemia
B
Approximately what percentage of patients with pre-diabetes will likely develop outright clinical diabetes given their additional risk factors of obesity and family history? A.5% B.25% C.50% D.75%
B
Cushing syndrome is caused by an increase in: A.Vitamin D B.Cortisol C.Malignant tumors D.ACTH
B
Leukopenia most often involves which cell type? A.Eosinophils B.Neutrophils C.Basophils D.Erythrocytes
B
The most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is: A.Abnormal parathyroid glands B.Kidney Failure C.Hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland D.A malignant parathyroid tumor
B
The normal prothrombin time is: A.2 to 5 minutes B.11 to 16 seconds C.10 to 15 minutes D.1 to 6 seconds
B
Which of the following is characterized by a decrease in platelets? A.Celiac disease B.Thrombocytopenia C.Thalassemia D.Plummer-Vinson syndrome
B
Which of the following statements is false regarding diabetes mellitus? A. Candidiasis may be indicative of compromised immunity in a patient with diabetes B.Rigorous control of blood glucose may delay progression of coronary artery disease C.Microvascular disease typically affects eyes, kidneys, and nerves D.Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome
B
Which patient group is most likely to get sickle cell anemia A.Whites B.Blacks C.Indians D.Europeans
B