Chapter 9 The Voyage Through the Life Span
Erikson labeled the years of about __________the stage of industry versus inferiority.
6 to 12
In the context of cognitive development, __________is the creation of new ways of responding to objects or looking at the world.
Accommodation
According to Kohlberg, postconventional reasoning usually emerges in _____.
Adolescence
_____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development.
Androgens
_________is best described as the process of responding to a new stimulus through existing cognitive structures.
Assimilation
In the context of the social and emotional development of children, which of the following statements is true?
Attachment formed in infancy tends to endure.
According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, toddlers through about the age of three are said to be in the stage of:
Autonomy versus shame and doubt
According to Ainsworth, infants who show __________are least distressed by their mother's departure, play by themselves without fuss, and ignore their mothers when they return.
Avoidant attachment
The preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory is characterized by:
Children attributing life and consciousness to physical objects.
According to Erik Erikson's stage pf psychosocial development, which of the following is a characteristic of children in the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
Children need to develop feelings of self-control over physical functions.
Ophelia is 51 years old. She has begun to experience hot flashes and finds it difficult to sleep at night. More often than not, she finds herself feeling pessimistic and unmotivated. She also has a certain amount of anxiety. Ophelia is most likely experiencing the _____ of middle adulthood.
Climacteric phase
According to ethologist Konrad Lorenz, a __________is a period of time when an instinctive response can be elicited by a particular stimulus.
Critical period
Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying ____.
Crystallized intelligence
According to Erik Erikson, adolescents who do not develop_____ may experience role diffusion.
Ego identity
Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in women?
Estrogen
The __________is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Formal operational stage
Which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?
It is shown more generally by vocabulary.
which of the following is true of crystallized intelligence?
It is shown more generally by vocabulary.
Which of the following is true of estrogen production in females?
It stimulates the growth of tissue in the hips.
According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by:
Learning to coordinate perception of the self and of the environment with motor activity.
Nadine has a new baby boy. The first time her husband turned on the television, the baby drew up his legs and arched his back in response to the sudden noise. In this scenario, the baby exhibited the ________.
Moro reflex
In the context of motor development of children, which of the following statements is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?
Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence.
The most dramatic gains in height and weight occur during__________.
Prenatal development
According to Piaget, the __________is the second stage of cognitive development in children.
Preoperational stage
______ is the period during which the body becomes sexually mature.
Puberty
_________is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch.
Rooting
During the embryonic stage of prenatal development, the:
Sex organs start to differentiate.
Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?
The age of possibilities
In the context of prenatal development, the fetal stage lasts from:
The beginning of the third month of pregnancy until birth.
A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a schedule ultrasound. she hears the strong heartbeat of the developing child. She is also able to see its fingers and toes. She tells the doctor that she frequently feels the baby kick. Which stage of prenatal development is depicted in the scenario?
The fetal stage
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?
The fetus alternate between wakefulness and sleep.
In the context of perceptual development, which of the following is true of newborn?
They are nearsighted when they are born.
The embryo is connected to the placenta by the__________.
Umbilical cord
______are parents who generally leave their children to themselves.
Uninvolved parents
Which of the following is a similarity between adolescence and emerging adulthood?
both are ages of complete independence from parental influences.
According to Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, children begin to assert control over the environment and strive to master adult skills when they are in the stage of__________.
initiative vs. guilt
The cessation of menstruation is called _____.
menopause
_______are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.
reflexes
According to a research by Kohlberg, children at the preconventional level base their moral judgments on______.
the consequences of behavior
Which of the following is true of children specifically in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory?
they begin to show an interest in how things are constructed.
According to Erik Erikson, _____is the stage of intimacy versus isolation.
young adulthood
Richard is 67 years old. His family does not allow him to go anywhere alone because he often forgets his name, address, and the way home. In addition, Richard is unable to follow instructions and do simple chores. Which of the following diseases does Richard most likely have?
Alzheimer's disease
The __________is a sac within the uterus that contains the embryo or fetus.
Amniotic sac
Judy, a 13 year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms.Kobes , Judy's math teacher, shares with Judy a list of math tips and tricks that she can se to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms.Kobes is using ____to help the child.
Cognitive scaffolding
Sam is a fifteen-year-old boy. He does not have any clue about what he wants to take up as a career. Moreover, in the past two years, he has taken up more than five hobbies. According to Erik Erikson, Sam is______.
Experiencing role diffusion
According to Arnett, which of the following is most likely a part of the emerging adulthood stage?
Experiments with career possibilities.
In the context of the perceptual development of infants, __________is the amount of time spent looking at a visual stimulus.
Fixation time
According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development:
Have the ability to hypothesize.
Which of the following is a feature of Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage of psychosocial development in children?
They are dependent on their primary caregivers.
Which of the following statements is true of the hearing capability of newborns?
They can hear well when they are born.
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is true of children in the concrete operational stage?
They center on the motives of wrongdoers as well as on the amount of damage done when assigning blame.
Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in women?
estrogen
A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects. Then, he records the amount of time the baby spends looking at any one stimulus or object. This shows the baby's visual preference. In this scenario, the researcher is most likely measuring the baby's _____.
fixation time
Some animals become attached to the first moving object they encounter. The formation of an attachment in this manner is therefore called______.
imprinting
Which of the following is true of the placenta?
it is also referred to as the amniotic sac.
__________are simple, inborn responses elicited by specific stimuli.
reflexes
Puberty heralds the onset of__________.
Adolescence