Chapter3

Click and drag on elements in order Matter changes phase as it absorbs more energy. Rank the following phases from low energy intensity at the bottom to high energy intensity at the top.

1. Plasma 2. Gas 3. Liquid 4. Solid

The pH scale represents concentrations of H+ ions. Each number represents ______ as many H+ ions as the number below it. Multiple choice question. twice 10 times 100 times 1/50th

10 times

DNA is composed of varying arrangements of ______ different nucleotides. Multiple choice question. 50 17 4 120

4

____ is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.

Blank 1: Ecology

In the carbon cycle, CO2 is taken in by plants through the process of _____.

Blank 1: photosynthesis

______ is the process in which bacteria use chemical bonds between inorganic elements to provide energy for synthesis of organic molecules. Multiple choice question. Extremosynthesis Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis

Chemosynthesis

What is the primary molecule in photosynthesis that absorbs light energy and creates chemicals that plants use in cellular metabolism? Multiple choice question. ATP NADPH Chlorophyll Glucose

Chlorophyll

______ are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions. Multiple choice question. DNA chains Lipids Carbohydrates Enzymes

Enzymes

Match each type of energy to its correct example.

Kinetic matches Choice Movement of an organism Potential matches Choice A boulder resting at the top of a hill Chemical matches Choice Bonds in a sugar molecule

Table salt (NaCl) dissolves in water to form Na+ and Cl-. Identify which ion is an anion and which is a cation. Instructions

Na+ matches Choice Cation Cl- matches Choice Anion

What is the relationship between heat and temperature? Multiple choice question. We measure a change in temperature in an object that absorbs heat. Heat and temperature are the same phenomenon. It is an inverse relationship.

We measure a change in temperature in an object that absorbs heat.

The source of carbon utilized in photosynthesis by green plants is the ______. Multiple choice question. air degraded remains of other plants sugar molecules

air

Select all that apply The second law of thermodynamics states that ______. Multiple select question. entropy tends to increase as energy is transformed, less energy is available for work there is no way to capture lost low-quality energy kinetic energy is degraded to chemical energy

entropy tends to increase as energy is transformed, less energy is available for work

Entropy tends to ______ over time in natural systems. Multiple choice question. decrease stay the same increase

increase

The original Latin meaning of the term species is ______. Multiple choice question. animal group population kind

kind

A(n) ______ is all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time, and a(n) ______ is all the populations living and interacting in a particular area. Multiple choice question. population; biological community food chain; food web organization; ecosystem

population; biological community

Green plants and algae are primary ______.

producers

The atomic number of an element reflects the number of ______ in an atom of that element. Multiple choice question. protons protons plus neutrons neutrons electrons plus neutrons plus protons electrons

protons

Acids can cause environmental problems because the hydrogen ions ______. Multiple choice question. produce concentrations of sodium ions do not occur in natural systems are always poisonous react readily with living tissues

react readily with living tissues

In biology, the term species generally refers to all organisms ______. Multiple choice question. of a kind that live in an area that have similar appearances and behaviors similar enough to produce fertile offspring in nature

similar enough to produce fertile offspring in nature

Carbon sinks are best described as ______. Multiple choice question. sources of carbon, such as from cellular respiration and combustion storage/deposit locations for carbon geological layers of the earth that crumble and fall into the ocean depths

storage/deposit locations for carbon

An atom is the smallest particle ______.

that exhibits characteristics of an element

Scientists are interested in extremeophiles for many reasons, one of which is ______. Multiple choice question. they only live in hot springs they are extremely complex organisms they live in conditions that likely represent early earth

they live in conditions that likely represent early earth

An organism's feeding status in an ecosystem is its ______. Multiple choice question. species type consumer level population level trophic level

trophic level

An organism's feeding status in an ecosystem is its ______. Multiple choice question. trophic level population level species type consumer level

trophic level

Click and drag on elements in order Rank the following carbon cycle exchanges by placing the process that moves the most carbon at the top and the one that moves the least at the bottom.

1) photosynthesis by land plants 2) photosynthesis by marine plankton 3) burning of fossil fuels 4) land clearing, burning

What is CRISPR? Multiple choice question. A human-made isotope of carbon A gene editing system A dangerous strain of bacteria

A gene editing system

Match the term to the correct description.

Acids matches Choice Substances that readily give up hydrogen ions in water Bases matches Choice Substances that readily bond with hydrogen ions in water

Select all that apply From the list below, choose all that are producers. Multiple select question. Cats Algae Lobsters Plants

Algae Plants

What is a microbiome? Multiple choice question. An ecosystem made of microscopic organisms An ecosystem that takes up a small amount of space An ecosystem composed of very few organisms

An ecosystem made of microscopic organisms

_____is the ability to do work, such as moving matter over a distance.

Blank 1: Energy

Substances that readily give up H+ ions in water are ____, and substances that readily bond with H+ ions are ____. (Use only one word per blank.)

Blank 1: acids, acid, or acidic Blank 2: bases, base, or basic

A human body is composed of trillions of , of which there are about 200 different types with varying functions that help to carry out life processes.

Blank 1: cells

A food _____is a linked feeding series, and a _____ food is an interconnected arrangement of several predator and prey relations generally inhabiting the same ecosystem.

Blank 1: chain Blank 2: web

An organism that eats other organisms is a(n) ______.

Blank 1: consumer

The visible light that we see and that plants use for photosynthesis is just a small part of the ______ spectrum.

Blank 1: electromagnetic

In a covalent bond, atoms share ____. In an ionic bond, ions are held together by the attraction ______of electrical charges.

Blank 1: electron or electrons Blank 2: opposite, opposing, or different

Matter consists of _______, which are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler forms by ordinary chemical reactions.

Blank 1: elements or atoms

Calories and Joules are measurements of __________.

Blank 1: energy

The gene editing system CRISPR uses ____ to cut DNA sequences.

Blank 1: enzymes

The majority of water that undergoes ____ comes from the oceans. After that, it condenses into clouds and precipitation follows.

Blank 1: evaporation

The energy that moves through a food web or chain is use for movement and the generation of _____, which dissipates to the surrounding environment.

Blank 1: heat

Atoms often gain and lose electrons, giving them a negative or positive electrical charge. These charged atoms are _____.

Blank 1: ions or ionic

There is a tremendous amount of heat stored in the ocean but it is dispersed and difficult to collect, so we call it ___-quality.

Blank 1: low

The complex community of bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and other organisms that live in and on your body is a(n) _____.

Blank 1: microbiome

Ammonia is just one of the many forms of in the cycle. (The same word goes in both blanks.)

Blank 1: nitrogen Blank 2: nitrogen

Being "fixed" by bacteria, _____ is important to living things because it is an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and many other organic molecules.

Blank 1: nitrogen or N

A(n) ____ atom gives up one or more electrons, and a(n) _____ atom gains electrons.

Blank 1: oxidized Blank 2: reduced

The four elements that make up more than 96 percent of the mass of most living organisms are____ ,____ ,____ , and ____.

Blank 1: oxygen or O Blank 2: carbon or C Blank 3: nitrogen or N Blank 4: hydrogen or H

The _____scale is used to represent hydrogen ion concentrations in water, and differentiates acids and bases.

Blank 1: pH

Green plants, algae, and some bacteria capture solar radiation and convert it to organic molecules in a process called .

Blank 1: photosynthesis

The nucleus of an atom contains and . A "cloud" of electrons surrounds the nucleus.

Blank 1: protons Blank 2: neutrons

Cellular ______, which breaks down simple sugar molecules and produces CO2, is essentially the reverse of photosynthesis.

Blank 1: respiration

The _____ , law of thermodynamics recognizes that entropy (disorder, or loss of energy or organization) tends to increase in nature.

Blank 1: second or 2nd

Select all that apply Select the two common measurements of energy. Multiple select question. Calorie Watt Joule Temperature

Calorie Joule

______-based ("organic") compounds are the foundation of organisms.

Carbon

Select all that apply Which of these accurately describe the degradation of energy as it is used? Multiple select question. Heat energy in fuel is converted to chemical bonds when it is burned. Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic energy in an animal. Heat energy in an animal is converted to the kinetic energy of running. Chemical energy in food is converted to heat energy.

Chemical energy in food is converted to kinetic energy in an animal. Chemical energy in food is converted to heat energy.

In what form is carbon stored in rock layers in the earth? Multiple choice question. Magma Coal Granite

Coal

Which statement best describes the way the quality of energy normally changes as it moves through a system? Multiple choice question. Energy degrades or dissipates. Usefulness of energy tends to increase. Energy quality tends to increase or intensify.

Energy degrades or dissipates.

Select all that apply Which of the following are roles specific to enzymes? Multiple select question. Enzymes dispose of cell wastes. Enzymes store genetic information. Enzymes are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions.

Enzymes dispose of cell wastes. Enzymes are molecular catalysts, regulating chemical reactions.

Match the hydrologic cycle component with the correct estimated amount of water moved annually within that component. Instructions

Evaporation from the ocean matches Choice 425,000 km3 Precipitation over the ocean matches Choice 385,000 km3 Precipitation over the land matches Choice 111,000 km3 Evaporation from soil, streams, rivers, and lakes matches Choice 30,000 km3

______ is the term we use to describe an organism that thrives in a variety of severe or harsh conditions. Multiple choice question. Mutant Fungus Thermophile Extremophile

Extremophile

Match the organism type to the correct kind of food it consumes.

Herbivore matches Choice Plants only Carnivore matches Choice Flesh only Omnivore matches Choice Both plants and animals Scavenger matches Choice Dead carcasses Detritivore matches Choice Litter, debris, and dung Decomposer matches Choice Organic material remnants

______ eat plants only. ______ eat flesh only. ______ eat plants and animal matter. ______ eat dead carcasses. ______ eat litter, debris, and dung. ______ eat remnant organic material. Multiple choice question. Detritivores; Scavengers; Herbivores; Omnivores; Decomposers; Carnivores Decomposers; Detritivores; Scavengers; Carnivores; Omnivores; Herbivores Herbivores; Carnivores; Omnivores; Scavengers; Detritivores; Decomposers

Herbivores; Carnivores; Omnivores; Scavengers; Detritivores; Decomposers

Which of the following is not a human source of increased nitrogen in circulation? Multiple choice question. Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Increased lightening strikes Burning of fossil fuels in car engines

Increased lightening strikes

Why are isotopes important in environmental science? Multiple choice question. Isotopes are needed to calculate the mass of an organism. Isotopes are necessary for chemical bonding. Isotopes let us approximate past temperatures from air bubbles in ice cores.

Isotopes let us approximate past temperatures from air bubbles in ice cores.

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the unique characteristics of water? Multiple select question. It freezes at very high temperatures. It has a high specific heat. It expands when it freezes. It can exist as a liquid, gas, or solid. It has a high heat of vaporization.

It has a high specific heat. It expands when it freezes. It has a high heat of vaporization.

Why is it important that nitrogen be "fixed"? Multiple choice question. It involves breaking the molecules and compounds down so that they can fit through cell walls. It involves converting it from a gaseous state into forms that are useful to plants. After fixation it can never return to a gaseous form, so it is no longer a contributor to global climate change.

It involves converting it from a gaseous state into forms that are useful to plants.

Energy is the ability to do work. Which of the following is also true about energy? Multiple choice question. It takes many forms. It can be created and destroyed. There is only one type.

It takes many forms.

Match each type of energy to its correct definition.

Kinetic matches Choice Energy in moving objects Potential matches Choice Stored energy, as in a rock poised on top of a hill Chemical matches Choice Energy stored in molecular bonds Heat matches Choice Energy transferred between objects of different temperature

______ involves all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism. Multiple choice question. Photosynthesis Decomposition Metabolism

Metabolism

What greenhouse gas is both created an consumed in vast quantities by various microbial communities on the ocean floor? Multiple choice question. Ozone Carbon dioxide Methane

Methane

Which of the following statements is true regarding molecules and compounds? Multiple choice question. Molecules consist of just one element, and compounds are composed of different kinds of elements. Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms. Molecules always consist of less than 24 atoms, and compounds always consist of 24 or more atoms.

Molecules and compounds are both made of atoms.

Match the following characteristics of water to the correct description of why that characteristic is essential to life on earth.

Molecules are polar. matches Choice Dissolves substances easily Water remains liquid at a wide range of temperatures. matches Choice Helps organisms to function in cool and warm conditions Molecules are cohesive. matches Choice Aids capillary action and surface tension

Select all that apply When oxygen is available, bacteria may combine ammonia (NH3) with oxygen to form ______. Multiple select question. NO2- NO N2 NO3- NH4+ N2O

NO2- NO NO3- N2O

Differing numbers of which particle can make different isotopes of an element? Multiple choice question. Neutrons Electrons Protons

Neutrons

Differing numbers of which particle can make different isotopes of an element? Multiple choice question. Protons Electrons Neutrons

Neutrons

Select all that apply Which of these elements make up most of the mass of living organisms? Multiple select question. Nitrogen Hydrogen Phosphorus Sodium Iron Oxygen Carbon

Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon

Select all that apply Which of the following are components of a cell? Multiple select question. Skin Tissue Nucleus Organelles Wall or Membrane

Nucleus Organelles Wall or Membrane

Select all that apply Which of these statements reflect real-world implications of the principle of conservation of matter? Multiple select question. Nutrients washing offshore in Chesapeake Bay do not disappear; they will remain in the estuary system or the oceans until they are cycled out. Nutrients washing offshore can readily be converted to other phases. Nutrients washing offshore can be absorbed indefinitely by an estuary, such as the Chesapeake Bay. Nutrients, water, and other matter can cycle endlessly through living organisms and earth systems. When you throw away garbage, it does not really disappear.

Nutrients washing offshore in Chesapeake Bay do not disappear; they will remain in the estuary system or the oceans until they are cycled out. Nutrients, water, and other matter can cycle endlessly through living organisms and earth systems. When you throw away garbage, it does not really disappear.

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of important carbon sinks? Multiple select question. Atmosphere Oceans Expansive boreal forests Insects

Oceans Expansive boreal forests

Large volumes of methane are created by microbial communities on the ocean floor. What is the primary reason this methane doesn't escape to the atmosphere? Multiple choice question. The high pressures in the deep ocean keep the gas in the water. The methane is absorbed into the organic muds on the ocean floor. Other microbial communities consume it.

Other microbial communities consume it.

Select all that apply In the hydrologic cycle, which of these processes are responsible for redistributing water around earth and among ecosystems? Multiple select question. Percolation to groundwater Perspiration Runoff Evaporation Humidification Atmospheric circulation Transpiration

Percolation to groundwater Runoff Evaporation Atmospheric circulation Transpiration

Which of the following is true about the phosphorus cycle? Multiple choice question. Phosphorus plays no role in cycling through living organisms in the biosphere. Phosphorus has no gaseous phase, so it "cycles" extremely slowly. Phosphorus cycles rapidly through the atmosphere and oceans.

Phosphorus has no gaseous phase, so it "cycles" extremely slowly.

Select all that apply Which of the following are major processes in the carbon cycle? Multiple select question. Precipitation Photosynthesis Evaporation Respiration

Photosynthesis Respiration

Select all that apply In a trophic pyramid, less energy is available at the top (top predators) as compared to the bottom (primary producers). Where does the energy go as it is used in the ecosystem? (Select all the statements that are correct.) Multiple select question. Organisms at the top of the pyramid store most of the energy as fat, and this means that it is unavailable for use. Producers' high-quality chemical energy is transformed to lower-quality energy forms (heat) that dissipates to the environment as organisms move. Organisms in each trophic level live and grow, which requires energy, so less energy is available to transfer up to the next level in the pyramid. All the energy at one level in the pyramid is lost as heat and becomes unavailable to the next level up in the trophic pyramid.

Producers' high-quality chemical energy is transformed to lower-quality energy forms (heat) that dissipates to the environment as organisms move. Organisms in each trophic level live and grow, which requires energy, so less energy is available to transfer up to the next level in the pyramid.

______ is the amount of biomass (biological material) produced in a given area during a given period of time. Multiple choice question. Productivity Photosynthesis Respiration Chemosynthesis

Productivity

Select all that apply Which of the following are the four major categories of organic compounds in living things? Multiple select question. Proteins Vitamins Carbohydrates Lipids Enzymes Nucleic acids Nutrients

Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids

Which two carbon cycle components have essentially the same amount of carbon exchange in gigatons (Gt) per year? Multiple choice question. Land clearing/burning and marine plankton photosynthesis Respiration (from soil and plants) and photosynthesis by land plants Marine plankton respiration and the burning of fossil fuels

Respiration (from soil and plants) and photosynthesis by land plants

Match the form of carbon to the correct storage compartment in the ecosystem.

Sugar molecules matches Choice Plants Calcium carbonate matches Choice Shells and skeletons of marine organisms Coal and oil matches Choice Earth's sediments and rock layers Carbon dioxide matches Choice Atmosphere

Select all that apply Which of these statements correctly describes the process of cellular respiration? Multiple select question. Cellular respiration can only occur when the sun is shining. Carbon dioxide and water are broken down to produce sugars and oxygen. Sugars are broken down and combined with oxygen to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction of cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.

Sugars are broken down and combined with oxygen to release energy, water, and carbon dioxide. The chemical reaction of cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis.

Select all that apply Since 1945, human inputs have led to more than double the amount of nitrogen in circulation. Select all the sources of this additional nitrogen. Multiple select question. Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Burning of forests for agricultural expansion Increasing numbers of ruminant animals Spread of nitrogen-fixing soybeans Burning of fossil fuels in car engines and industrial furnaces

Synthetic ammonia fertilizers Spread of nitrogen-fixing soybeans Burning of fossil fuels in car engines and industrial furnaces

Select all that apply Which of these examples correctly describe energy quality as it relates to environmental science? Multiple select question. The kinetic energy of wind is low-quality and hard to store efficiently. Dams store water in the form of kinetic energy that can be converted to potential energy when released. Chemical bonds stored in oil are difficult to convert to kinetic energy. Solar and wind energy are diffuse and hard to use.

The kinetic energy of wind is low-quality and hard to store efficiently. Solar and wind energy are diffuse and hard to use.

True or false: Bacteria play an important part in driving the global nitrogen cycle. True false question.TrueFalse

True

True or false: Phosphorus is an essential component of all cells. True false question.TrueFalse

True

What part of the electromagnetic spectrum do plants use, along with the infrared, for photosynthesis? Multiple choice question. Radio waves Gamma rays Ultraviolet Visible light

Visible light

Matching Question Water often changes among three phases of matter. Match the form of water with the general name of that phase. Instructions

Water matches Choice Liquid Water vapor matches Choice Gas Ice matches Choice Solid

Select all that apply One unusual characteristic of water is its high specific heat, which means that water ______. Multiple select question. absorbs a great amount of heat before its temperature changes has the ability to play an important role in moderating global temperatures retains surface tension better than other liquids boils at a higher temperature than other liquids changes temperature slowly

absorbs a great amount of heat before its temperature changes has the ability to play an important role in moderating global temperatures changes temperature slowly

Metabolism involves ______. Multiple choice question. the selective entry of certain molecules through the cell wall all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism cell death and decomposition

all the energy and matter exchanges that occur within a living cell or organism

A population is ______, and a biological community is ______. Multiple choice question. made up of many species; made up of only one species all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time; all the populations living and interacting in a particular area all the living components of an ecosystem; all the nonliving components of an ecosystem (e.g., soil, water, and air)

all the members of a species living in a given area at the same time; all the populations living and interacting in a particular area

Productivity in an ecosystem relates to the ______. Multiple choice question. amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given time period rate of photosynthesis in a given area number of offspring an individual species is capable of having per year quantity of nutrients found in the soil

amount of biomass produced in a given area during a given time period

Nitrogen is important to living things because it is ______. Multiple choice question. the only atmospheric molecule that bacteria can break down to form organic molecules, and without it all bacteria would die an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and other organic compounds involved in absorbing large quantities of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that would otherwise reach the earth's surface causing cell damage

an essential component of proteins, enzymes, DNA, and other organic compounds

The second law of thermodynamics states that ______.

as energy is transformed, less energy is available for work entropy tends to increase

Isotopes are forms of an element that differ in their ______. Multiple choice question. electric charge atomic mass number of electrons

atomic mass

Select all that apply The principle of conservation of matter states that matter ______. Multiple select question. cannot be destroyed or created can be converted to different forms is readily converted to energy cannot be transformed can be recycled

cannot be destroyed or created can be converted to different forms can be recycled

The process of photosynthesis can be summarized as a series of reactions during which a plant (or other photosynthetic organism) Multiple choice question. captures solar energy and produces carbon dioxide. captures carbon dioxide and oxygen to produce water and chlorophyll. captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen.

captures water and carbon dioxide and produces sugars and oxygen.

In the process of photosynthesis, plants are able to take ______ out of the air and fix it into sugar molecules. Multiple choice question. helium phosphorus nitrogen carbon

carbon

Organic compounds are primarily made of chains and rings of ______ atoms. Multiple choice question. nitrogen carbon oxygen

carbon

We have dramatically altered the pace of earth's ____ cycle by freeing ____ the locked in coal and oil that is naturally stored for long periods of time and cycled very slowly. (The same word goes in both blanks.)

carbon

Select all that apply DNA is essential for ______. Multiple select question. the dissolving of lipids in water carrying information between cells, tissues, and organs storing energy in cells storing and expressing genetic information

carrying information between cells, tissues, and organs storing and expressing genetic information

Select all that apply Photosynthesis captures solar energy and stores it in ______. Multiple select question. chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates bonds formed from carbon dioxide and water chlorophyll the cells of herbivorous animals

chemical bonds in sugars and carbohydrates bonds formed from carbon dioxide and water

Isotopes of oxygen, which differ in mass, are used to evaluate ______ in environmental science research. Multiple choice question. the radioactivity of nuclear energy climate history the age of organic remains

climate history

Atoms join to form ______, and a pair or group of atoms that can exist as a single unit is called a ______. Multiple choice question. compounds; molecule electrons; nucleus solids; gas

compounds; molecule

The hare in this relationship is the ______. (pic of hare and arrow pointing to its food) Multiple choice question. consumer producer

consumer

Entropy can best be described as ______. Multiple choice question. the absence of energy energy generation disorder, or loss of energy or organization

disorder, or loss of energy or organization

We think of ecosystems as systems because ______. Multiple choice question. all parts are readily measured or weighed all elements exist entirely within the ecosystem's boundaries material neither leaves nor enters energy and matter flow through, and are stored in, the component parts

energy and matter flow through, and are stored in, the component parts

The first law of thermodynamics states that ______. Multiple choice question. energy readily transforms to mass energy cannot be created or destroyed under normal conditions energy cannot be transformed

energy cannot be created or destroyed under normal conditions

here are more rabbits than foxes in an ecosystem because ______. Multiple choice question. foxes cannot reproduce as frequently as rabbits energy accumulates at higher trophic levels rabbits overconsume the available food sources, leaving little energy for foxes energy is degraded and dissipated within a trophic level and as it is transferred to successively higher trophic levels in the pyramid

energy is degraded and dissipated within a trophic level and as it is transferred to successively higher trophic levels in the pyramid

The greatest hydrologic cycle exchange is with ______ and ______. Multiple choice question. evaporation from the oceans; precipitation back to the oceans transpiration from vegetation; runoff evaporation from soil, streams, rivers, and lakes; precipitation over land

evaporation from the oceans; precipitation back to the oceans

Nitrogen ______ involves capturing atmospheric forms and converting them into forms usable by plants. Multiple choice question. splitting fixing compounding

fixing

Select all that apply Carbon is stored for very long periods of time in the ______. (Select the two answers with the longest storage times.) Multiple select question. form of coal and oil below the earth's surface bodies of living plants shells and skeletons of marine organisms at the bottom of the ocean atmosphere, specifically the troposphere

form of coal and oil below the earth's surface shells and skeletons of marine organisms at the bottom of the ocean

The primary difference of the phosphorus cycle when compared to both the nitrogen and carbon cycles is that it ______. Multiple choice question. is not involved in any environmental pollution problems has no gaseous or atmospheric phase plays no role in cycling through living organisms in the biosphere

has no gaseous or atmospheric phase

In chemistry, elements ______.

have distinct chemical characteristics

Oil and gas are ______ energy sources whereas solar and wind are ______, meaning they are less concentrated and harder to use. Multiple choice question. low-quality; high-quality high-quality; low-quality

high-quality; low-quality

Bases are ______ so they can cause significant damage to living organisms. Multiple choice question. poisonous buffers highly reactive neutralizing

highly reactive

Undersea explorations in the 1970s revealed chemosynthetic communities with organisms capable of using the chemical bonds between the inorganic elements of ______ to provide energy for synthesis of organic molecules. Multiple choice question. water (H2O) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or hydrogen gas (H2) glucose (C6H12O6)

hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or hydrogen gas (H2)

The electrical attraction between two ions with opposite charges forms a(n) ______ bond, whereas a(n) ______ bond involves a shared electron between two atoms. Multiple choice question. nuclear; covalent covalent; ionic ionic; covalent

ionic; covalent

Positively or negatively charged atoms are ______. Multiple choice question. particles ions compounds molecules

ions

An organism's trophic level relates to ______ in an ecosystem. Multiple choice question. its feeding status the quantity of food it eats the number of predators it has

its feeding status

Our atmosphere plays a ______ part in the nitrogen cycle, as nitrogen gas (N2) makes up about ______ percent of our atmosphere. Multiple choice question. very minimal; 0.001 small; 12 key; 78

key; 78

Heat stored in the ocean is of ______. Multiple choice question. comparable energy quality to the chemical energy stored in oil, coal, or natural gas low-quality because it is hard to capture and use high-quality because there is such an immense quantity of it

low-quality because it is hard to capture and use

A positively charged ion has one or more ______, making it a cation. Multiple choice question. extra electrons extra protons missing electrons missing protons

missing electrons

As a general rule of thumb, each trophic level has about ______ as much energy as the trophic level below it in the pyramid. Multiple choice question. 2/1,000th two times 1/100th one-tenth

one-tenth

Carbon-based, or ______ compounds are the foundation of organisms.

organic Reason: Another name for carbon-based compounds is "organic" compounds. The term "organic" in this case means something different than it does on food products in grocery stores.

Chains and rings of carbon atoms form the skeletons of ______. Multiple choice question. organic compounds radioactive compounds water molecules

organic compounds

In general, an ecosystem includes ______. Multiple choice question. the nonliving factors that support life organisms and nonliving factors in their environment all organisms in an area

organisms and nonliving factors in their environment

An atom that has given up one or more electrons is said to be ______, and when an atom gains electrons it is said to be ______.

oxidized; reduced

Select all that apply Phosphorus is an important matter of concern because ______. Multiple select question. phosphorus can lead to environmental pollution atmospheric phosphorus is hard for plants to capture phosphorus is abundant but useless to organisms most phosphorus in ecosystems comes from certain rocks and mineral sources that are in limited supply phosphorus is a key nutrient

phosphorus can lead to environmental pollution most phosphorus in ecosystems comes from certain rocks and mineral sources that are in limited supply phosphorus is a key nutrient

Select all that apply Photosynthesis is an energy conversion process conducted by ______. Multiple select question. some bacteria animals green plants fungi algae

some bacteria green plants algae

Select all that apply An element's atomic number involves the number of protons in an atom because ______. Multiple select question. the number of protons is unpredictable the number of neutrons can vary (producing different isotopes) protons have a greater mass than neutrons the number of protons within an element does not vary

the number of neutrons can vary (producing different isotopes) the number of protons within an element does not vary

Ecology is the scientific study of ______. Multiple choice question. energy transfers and conversions the relationships between organisms and their environment all living things

the relationships between organisms and their environment

As a substance absorbs heat, it may either ______ or ______. Choose the 2 answers that fit. Multiple select question. undergo a phase change acquire a higher temperature lose energy acquire a lower temperature

undergo a phase change acquire a higher temperature

In general, food ______ are more complex than food ______. Multiple choice question. hierarchies; pyramids chains; webs webs; chains pyramids; hierarchies

webs; chains