Chemistry 1132 test
Amino acids link together with ___ bonds
Peptide
An element with a low ___ generally has an unstable nucleus an element with a high ___ generally has a stable nucleus
Binding energy...binding energy
Radioactive isotope of an otherwise non radioactive element
Radioisotope
Elements with 93 or more protons in their nuclei
Transuranium elements
High-energy electromagnetic radiation
Gamma ray
An ___ particle has low penetrating power a ___ particle moves near the speed of light with 100 times the penetrating power of an ___ particle and ___ rays have the greatest penetrating power
Alpha...beta...alpha...gamma
The ___ of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus and the ___ is the total number of nucleons in the nucleus
Atomic number...mass number
Elements with an atomic number higher than that of ___ are radioactive
Bismuth
Metabolic pathway by which an organism breaks down a glucose molecule to release energy
Cellular respiration
The two types of nucleic are ___ acid and ___ acid
Deoxyribonucleic...ribonucleic
When an element transmutes particles are emitted and ___ is released
Energy
Series of reactions in which glucose is changed into pyruvate
Glycolysis
Smaller units DNA or RNA
Nucleotide
Particular atom identified by its unique combination of protons and neutrons
Nuclide
___ are the main lipids in the structure of living cell membranes
Phospholipids
Biomolecule composed of units called amino acids
Protein
Protein synthesis takes place in organelles called ___
Ribosomes
Device in which a nuclear fission reaction can be carried out at a controlled rate
Nuclear reactor
Large biomolecules responsible for storing and transmitting RNA information
Nucleic acids
A linear accelerator accelerates particles in a straight line but a ___ accelerates them in an expanding spiral path
Cyclotron
Two polynucleotide chains join together in a complex spiral-shaped structure called a ___
Double helix
In both DNA and RNA ___ bonds join bases together
Hydrogen
Anything such as x-rays or some chemicals that causes mutations
Mutagen
Energy released when a nucleus is formed from its nucleons
Nuclear binding energy
The four main classes of biomolecules are ___, ___, ___, and ___ acids
Proteins...carbohydrates...lipids...nucleic
The four types of nuclear reactions are ___, nuclear ___ reactions, ___ reactions, and ___ reactions
Radioactive decay...transformation...fission...fusion
Study of chemical reactions in living things
Biochemistry
Enzyme helpers called ___ help enzymes combine with their substrates
Coenzymes
Process of joining two monosaccharides
Condensation
Nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a single nucleus accompanied by a release of energy
Fusion
Time during which one-half of a given number of atoms of a nuclide will decay to simpler nuclides
Half-life
Lipid that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group
Phospholipid
Protein molecules that acts as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living things
Enzymes
A chain reaction stops when either all the ___ material is depleted or the ___ fail to hit a nucleus
Fissionable...neutrons
___ or chemical messengers are responsible for regulating bodily functions
Hormones
During fission there is a small loss of ___ because it is converted into energy
Mass
Series of steps necessary for enzymes to convert substrate molecules by ways of chemical reactions into a final product
Metabolic pathway
Sum of all the biochemical reaction that take place within an organism
Metabolism
Soap molecules cluster in groups called ___ that surround and suspend a droplet of oil or grease
Micelles
One neutron per fission event causes constant controllable fission
Strong nuclear force
The three subunits of a nucleotide are a five-carbon ___, an ___, and a ___ acid molecule
Sugar...organic base...phosphoric
___ RNA contains the code (anticodons) required to build the __. ___ RNA contains the complementary code (codons) to the code required to build the necessary protein.
Transfer...protein...messenger
___ can be created by bombarding uranium nuclei with alpha particles or neutrons
Transuranium elements
Permanent unfolding of a normal protein
Denaturation
The nuclear properties of an element are determined by the number of ___ and ___ in its nucleus
Protons...neutrons
Doughnut-shaped generators called ___ contain high-temperature plasma in a "magnetic bottle"
Tokamaks
Transferring of genetic material from one organism to another
Recombinant-DNA formation
Force that keeps nucleons together
Strong nuclear force