Chemistry exam

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The compressibility of solids is generally

lower than the compressibility of liquids and gases

An example of an extensive physical property is

mass

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its

mass number

Two features that distinguish matter are

mass/volume

A physical property may be investigated by

melting ice

The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are

metalloids

What are the three broad classes of elements

metals, nonmetals, metalloids

Physical means can be used to separate

mixtures

Compared with the particles in a gas, the particles in a liquid

move around less

To what category of elements does an element belong if it is a poor conductor of electricity?

nonmetals

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different

number of electrons

The electron configurations of the noble gases from neon to radon in the periodic table end with filled

p orbitals

A horizontal row of the periodic table is usually referred to as a

period

Mendeleev is credited with developing the first successful

periodic table

The melting of candle wax is classified as a physical change because it

produces no new substances

Elements in a group or column in the periodic table can be expected to have similar

properties

Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element?

proton

One chemical property of matter is

reactivity

The average atomic mass of an element depends on both the masses of its Isotopes and each isotopes

relative abundance

Compared with nonmetals, the number of valence electrons in metals is generally

smaller

The state of matter in which particles are rigidly held in fixed positions is the

solid state

What are the three main states of matter?

solid, liquid, gas

The substances that are chemically bound together are

the elements that compose water

Across a period in the periodic table, atomic radii

to gradually decrease

The attractive forces in a liquid are

too weak to hold the particles in fixed positions

Which is not a property of metals

unreactivity

Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are

very far from each other

Particles within a solid

vibrate weakly about fixed positions

In Rutherfords experiments, positively charged particles

were used to bombard thin metal foil

Simplify the following. Express the answer in scientific notation and to the correct number of significant figures. (5. 3 X 10^4)+(1.3 x 10^4)

6.6 x 10^8

The number of electrons in the highest energy level of the argon atom (atomic number 18) is

8

Zoe observes water bubbling. She measures the temperature of the water to be 373 k. Is most likely observing a chemical or physical change.

A chemical change because 373k is the boiling point of water.

Which statement describes a physical change?

A sculptor casts a statue in molten bronze and allows it to harden

The state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but no definite shape is the

liquid state

Sodium hydroxide is a very reactive strong base. What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide

NaOH

The homogeneous mixture in the illustration above is in the container

NaOH solution

A student making a serial dilution of hydrochloride acid spills a small amount of the acid on the lab table. Which of the following should the student do first

Notify his/her lab partner and tell the teacher

If the s and p orbitals of the highest main energy level of an atom are filled with electrons, the atom has a(n) (Hint: How many electrons fill an s sub level ? P sub level?)

Octet

Which is an acceptable way to protect yourself eyes in the chemistry laboratory

Only by wearing chemistry safety goggles

Which are the chemical symbols for lead, oxygen, and silver, in that order?

Pb, O, Ag

Which has the larger first ionization energy-magnesium or phosphorus?

Phosphorus has the greater first ionization energy

A sheet of paper is torn into several small pieces. Which type of change has happened to the paper?

Physical change only

The atomic number of oxygen, 8, indicates that's there are eight.

Protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom

In group 2A elements, the valence electrons are in sub level

S

Which of the following observations is qualitative?

Salt deposits form from an evaporated liquid

What is the electron configuration for nitrogen, atomic number 7?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^3

The electron notation for aluminum (atomic number 13) is

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1

Which of the following is a physical property of a substance in the liquid state

definite volume

Experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the

electron

What is the number of significant figures in the measurement 5.00 cubic meters?

1

Group _ in the periodic contains only metals

2A

The electron configuration of nitrogen is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3. How many more electrons does nitrogen need to satisfy the octet rule?

3

Which of these observations or values represents an extensive property of the material?

3.01 g/cm^3

If 75.0% of the atoms of an element each have a mass of 35.0amu, and 25.0% of the atoms each have a mass of 37.0 amu, what is the average atomic mass of the element

36.0 amu

A sample of element x contains 90 percent 35^x atoms, and 2.0 percent 38^x atoms. The average atomic mass is closest to

37 amu

What is the number 0.0513 expressed in scientific notation

5.13 x 10^-2

The electron configuration for the carbon atom (c) is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2

6

What is the chemical formula for aluminum sulfate?

Al^2(SO^4)^3

The group of soft, silvery active metals, all of which have one electron In an s orbital, is known as the

Alkali metals

What information is often included in a periodic table?

All of the above

Why do all samples of a given substance have the same intensive properties?

All the samples have the same mass or volume

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula NH^4NO^2

Ammonium nitrite

The average atomic mass of an element is the average of the atomic masses of its

Artificial isotopes

What is the chemical formula for the carbon tetrachloride?

CCl4

Atoms of the same element can differ in

Chemical properties

What is the correct name for the compound with the formula CrPO^4

Chromium (11) phosphate

How are compounds different from elements?

Compounds can be broken apart by chemical means into simpler substances, but elements cannot.

The principles of atomic theory recognized today were conceived by

Dalton

From top to bottom within a group of the periodic table, first ionization energy tends to

Decrease

from left to Right across a period of the periodic table, atomic radius tends to

Decrease

A student observed a crack in a test tube that will be used for a lab. What should the student do with the cracked test tube

Dispose of the cracked test tube in a designated container

Each period in the periodic table corresponds to a (n)

Energy sub level

Which two words, in order, correctly complete the statement? Two major categories of chemical compounds are _and _.

Ionic and covalent

Is the freezing of mercury a reversible or irreversible physical change? Why?

It is reversible because solid mercury can be melted to form liquid mercury again.

How many electrons will a calcium (Ca) atom gain or lose in forming an ion?

It will lose 2 electrons

Upon completion of a laboratory investigation, where should students return the materials?

Materials should be returned to the teacher designed location

The element with electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^2

Si (Z=14)

What is the name for NaClO3

Sodium chlorate

Using the periodic table. Which element has properties most similar to those of sodium?

Sulfur

Which of the following observations is quantitative?

The liquid boils at 100°C

A chemist mixes liquid Substance X and solid Substance Y in a beaker, then stirs the mixture vigorously. Which observation or measurement would provide the strongest evidence that the two substances have undergone a physical change, but not a chemical change?

The mixture can be separated into two substances, one with the same melting point as Substance X and the other with the same melting point as Substance Y.

What causes the high density of solids?

The particles are packed closely together

Isotopes of each element differ in

The total number of electrons

A list of pure substances could include

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A chemical change occurs when

a leaf changes color

The change of an atom from an excited state to the ground state always requires

absorption of energy

The most characteristic property of the noble gases is that they

are largely unreactive

A positive ion is known as a(n)

cation

Which of the following is an intensive physical property?

color

Which of the following is a physical change?

evaporation

If electrons in an atom have the lowest possible energies, the atom is in the

ground state

Which groups in the main group have lower electronegativity than d-block elements?

groups 1 and 2

In the alkaline-earth group, atoms with the smallest radii

have the highest ionization energies

The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, and xenon. What do their electron configurations have in common?

in the highest occupied energy level, the s and p sublevels are completely filled.

chemical properties

include changes that alter the identity of a substance

Compared with gases, solids are

incompressible

As the atomic number increases, the number of electrons in an atom

increases

Which two categories are used to classify properties of matter?

intensive and extensive

Helium-4 and helium-3 are

isotopes

Matter includes all of the following EXCEPT

light


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