chemistry final!
subscript
a _________ is a small number used to represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula.
plus sign
a ________________ is used to separate the symbols hydrogen and oxygen (in a chemical equation).
a catalyst for the reaction
a chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies...
activity series
a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions
monoatomic
a one-atom ion is called a(n) __________ ion.
(g); (g); (g)
an __ symbol is used to tell the state of hydrogen in the reaction, an __ symbol is used for the state of oxygen, and __ symbol is used for the state of water vapor.
a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged
an ionic bond is...
bond dissociation increases
as bond length shortens...
5; 3; 4
balance the equation : C3H8 + ___O2 ---> ___CO2 + ___H2O
2; 2
balance the equation : Cu(NO3)2 + ___NaOH ---> Cu(OH)2 + ___NaNO3
3; 3
balance the equation : H3PO4 + ___KOH ---> ___H2O +K3PO4
16; 8
balance the equation : S8 + ___Cu ---> ___Cu2S
2; 2
balance the equation : __SO2 + O2 ---> ___SO3
2; 3; 2
balance the equation : ___Al + ___Cl2 ---> ___AlCl3
the nuclei of two attached atoms
bond length is the distance between...
brittle
choose the word (flexible or brittle) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : brittleness
good
choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity in the liquid state
poor
choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity in the solid state
good
choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity when dissolved in water
hard
choose the word (hard or soft) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : hardness
high
choose the word (low or high) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : boiling point
high
choose the word (low or high) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : melting point
both
does the following equation represent a combustion reaction, a synthesis reaction, or both? 2C + O2 --> 2CO2 + energy
no
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces.
no
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a piece of ice melts.
yes
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a tomato smells rotten.
yes
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. baking powder produces a gas that makes cake rise.
yes
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. candle wax burns.
yes
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. drain cleaner is mixed with water and the solution becomes warm.
yes
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. green leaves turn yellow and red as the seasons change.
no
for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. molten candle wax solidifies.
NaCl
give an example of a binary compound.
baking a cake
give an example of something endothermic.
something emitting light
give an example of something exothermic.
4
how many bonds does the carbon group form?
1
how many bonds does the fluorine group form?
3
how many bonds does the nitrogen group form?
2
how many bonds does the oxygen group form?
four
how many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?
trigonal pyramidal
identify the shape of this compound : NF3
oxyanion
if such an ion (polyatomic ion) is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called a(n) _________.
pi bond
if the electron sharing (in a covalent bond) involves the overlap of parallel orbitals, the attachment is called a(n) __ ____.
sigma bond
if the electrons shared (in a covalent bond) are centered between the two atoms, the attachment is called a(n) _______ ____.
-ate; -ite
if two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix _____. the name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with _____.
arrow
in a chemical equation for this reaction, an _____ is used to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor and energy.
zero
in ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals ____.
cation; anion
in the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the ______ is written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the ______.
as molecules containing two atoms
in what form do elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen normally occur?
polyatomic
ions made up of more than one atom are called ______________ ions.
octet
most of these elements (noble gases) have a set of eight outermost electrons, which is called a stable ______.
barium nitrate
name the following compound : Ba(NO3)2
cadmium bromide
name the following compound : CdBr2
chromium (vi) oxide
name the following compound : CrO3
iron (ii) perchlorate
name the following compound : Fe(ClO4)2
iron (ii) bromide
name the following compound : FeBr2
mercury (ii) sulfate
name the following compound : HgSO4
magnesium hydroxide
name the following compound : Mg(OH)2
magnesium phosphate
name the following compound : Mg3(PO4)2
ammonium acetate
name the following compound : NH4CH3COO
sodium sulfite
name the following compound : Na2SO3
sodium sulfate
name the following compound : Na2SO4
nickel (ii) nitrate
name the following compound : Ni(NO3)2
zinc chloride
name the following compound : ZnCl2
boron triflouride
name the following covalent compound : BF3
bromine chloride
name the following covalent compound : BrCl
water
name the following covalent compound : H2O
nitrogen triflouride
name the following covalent compound : NF3
nitrogen monoxide
name the following covalent compound : NO
diphosphorus pentaoxide
name the following covalent compound : P2O5
tellurium diiodide
name the following covalent compound : TeI2
decomposition
name the type of reaction : 1 compound ---> 2 or more elements and/or compounds
synthesis
name the type of reaction : 2 or more substances ---> 1 compound
synthesis
name the type of reaction : A + B ----> AB
single-replacement
name the type of reaction : A + BX -----> AX + B
decomposition
name the type of reaction : AB ----> A + B
double-replacement
name the type of reaction : AX + BY -----> AY + BX
double-replacement
name the type of reaction : exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds; produces a precipitate, gas, or water
single-replacement
name the type of reaction : one element replaces another element in a compound
single-replacement
name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - an element and a compound PRODUCTS - an element and a compound
decomposition
name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - one PRODUCTS - two or more
combustion
name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - one plus oxygen PRODUCTS - one or more oxides
double-replacement
name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - two compounds PRODUCTS - two compounds
synthesis
name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - two or more PRODUCTS - one
carbon monoxide
name this compound : CO
carbon dioxide
name this compound : CO2
carbonic acid
name this compound : H2CO3
hydrobromic acid
name this compound : HBr
bromic acid
name this compound : HBrO3
nitrous acid
name this compound : HNO2
nitric acid
name this compound : HNO3
dinitrogen tetraoxide
name this compound : N2O4
ammonia
name this compound : NH3
combustion reaction
occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light
Ca + H2O ---> CaO + H2
predict the equation for the following reactants : calcium and water
Fl2 + 2KI ---> 2KF + I2
predict the equation for the following reactants : fluorine and potassium iodide.
MgBr2 + Cl2 ---> MgCl2 + Br2
predict the equation for the following reactants : magnesium bromide and chlorine
6K + Al2O3 ---> 3K2O + 2Al
predict the equation for the following reactants : potassium and aluminum oxide
nucleus; electrons; ions
such attachment (chemical bonds) may form by the attraction of the positively charged ________ of one atom for the negatively charged _________ of another atom, or by the attraction of charged atoms, which are called ____.
lower right
such numbers (subscripts) are written to the ________ ____ of the symbol for the element.
noble gases
the _____ ______ are a family of elements that have very little tendency to react.
activity
the ability of an element to react
valence; energy level
the attractions (chemical bonds) may also involve ________ electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost _______ ______.
oxidation number; electrons
the charge of such an ion (monoatomic ion) is equal to the atom's ___________ ______ which is the number of ________ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion.
electrolysis
the decomposition of a substance by an electric current
chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together is called a(n) _______ _____.
reactant; reactant; product
the fuel for the space shuttle is hydrogen, which burns in oxygen to produce water vapor and energy. in this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a _________________, oxygen is a ______________, and water vapor is a ___________.
pseudo-noble gas formation
the relatively stable electron structures developed by loss of electrons in certain elements of groups 3, 4, 13, and 14 are called ____________ ___ _________.
electrolysis occurs
the the letter e above the arrow in a chemical equation means
reactants are heated
the the word heat above the arrow in a chemical equation means
law of conservation of mass
total mass of the reacting substances is always equal to the total mass of products
false; anion
true or false : a Cl- ion is an example of a cation.
false; cation
true or false : a positively charged ion is called an anion.
true
true or false : a sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts.
true
true or false : a structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.
false; not all
true or false : all electrons in an atom will be bonded.
false; binary compound
true or false : an oxyacid contains only two elements.
false; ionic
true or false : binary molecular compounds are generally composed of a metal and a nonmetal.
true
true or false : elements in group 1 lose their one valence electron, forming an ion with a 1+ charge.
false; noble gases
true or false : elements tend to react so that they acquire the electron structure of a halogen.
true
true or false : for binary acids, the hydrogen part of the compound is named using the prefix hydro-.
false; -ic
true or false : if the name of the anion of an oxyacid ends in -ate, the acid name contains the suffix -ous.
true
true or false : in molecules, hydrogen is always a terminal atom.
true
true or false : in naming the first element in a formula, the prefix mono- is not used.
true
true or false : in the sulfate ion (SO4^-2) 32 electrons are available for bonding.
true
true or false : ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than ions with smaller charges do.
false; less
true or false : large ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller ions do.
true
true or false : nitrate (NO3) is an example of an ion that forms resonance structures.
false; gaining
true or false : nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration by losing electrons and becoming anions.
true
true or false : resonance occurs when more than one valid lewis structure can be written for a molecule.
true
true or false : the carbon dioxide molecule contains two double bonds.
false; lowest
true or false : the central atom in a molecule is the one with the highest electron affinity.
true
true or false : the crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.
true
true or false : the electron structure of a zinc ion (Zn 2+) is an example of a pseudo-noble gas formation.
true
true or false : the ending -ide is used to designate an anion.
false; lower
true or false : the energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it.
true
true or false : the lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound.
false; not equal
true or false : the number of bonding pairs in a molecule is equal to the number of electrons.
true
true or false : the prefix hexa- indicates six atoms.
false; four
true or false : the prefix tetra- indicates three atoms.
false; -ide
true or false : the second element in the formula of a binary compound is named using the suffix -ite.
false; negative
true or false : to find the total number of electrons available for bonding in a positive ion, you should add the ion charge to the total number of valence electrons of the atoms present.
false; four
true or false : when carbon and oxygen bond, the molecule contains ten pairs of bonding electrons.
NaCl + H2O
what are the products to these reactants? HCl + NaOH
NaCl + O2
what are the products to this reactant? 2NaClO3
CaO + H2O
what are the products to this reactant? Ca(OH)2
SO3 +H2O
what are the products to this reactant? H2SO4
MgO + CO2
what are the products to this reactant? MgCO3
salt
what does a metal + halogen react to form?
metal oxide + carbon dioxide
what does a metallic carbonate react to form?
metal chloride + oxygen
what does a metallic chlorate react to form?
metal oxide + water
what does a metallic hydroxide react to form?
salt + water
what does an acid + base react to form?
metallic oxide + water
what does an acid react to form?
metal compound + hydrogen
what does an active metal + acid react to form?
H2O
what is an example of a linear formula?
180
what is the degree of the linear equation?
adjust the coefficients to the smallest whole-number ratio
what is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
2KCl
what is the product to these reactants? 2K + Cl2
MgCl2 + H2
what is the product to these reactants? Mg + 2HCl
single-replacement
what is the type of reaction below? Q + XZ --> X + QZ
synthesis
what is the type of reaction below? Q + Z --> QZ
double-replacement
what is the type of reaction below? QT + XZ ----> QZ + XT
decomposition
what is the type of reaction below? QT --> Q + T
KBr + H2O
what would be the products of : HBr + KOH?
ionic compounds transfer electrons. (metal and nonmetal) covalent compounds share electrons. (2 nonmetals)
what's the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds?
when the same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and products
when are chemical equations balanced?
covalent bond
when sharing of electrons occurs, the attachment between atoms that results is called a(n) _________ _____.
exothermic
when such an attachment is formed (covalent bond), bond dissociation energy is released, and the process is ___________.
molecule
when two or more atoms bond by a means of electron sharing, the resulting particle is called a(n) _________.
in front of the formula
where do coefficients go in a chemical reaction?
the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond
which of the following relationships relating to bond length is generally correct? - the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond - the shorter the bond, the weaker the bond - the shorter the bond, the fewer electrons in it - the shorter the bond, the lower the bond dissociation energy
NH3
write a formula for the following covalent compound : ammonia
NH4
write a formula for the following covalent compound : ammonium
CS2
write a formula for the following covalent compound : carbon disulfide
N2O3
write a formula for the following covalent compound : dinitrogen trioxide
Si2Br6
write a formula for the following covalent compound : disilicon hexabromide
HBr
write a formula for the following covalent compound : hydrobromic acid
H2
write a formula for the following covalent compound : hydrogen
CH4
write a formula for the following covalent compound : methane
PF5
write a formula for the following covalent compound : phosphorus pentafluoride
SO
write a formula for the following covalent compound : sulfur monoxide
H2SO3
write a formula for the following covalent compound : sulfurous acid
TeCl4
write a formula for the following covalent compound : tellurium tetrachloride
(NH4)2SO4
write the formula for the following compound : ammonium sulfate
CdC2O4
write the formula for the following compound : cadmium oxalate
CaCl2
write the formula for the following compound : calcium chloride
FeO
write the formula for the following compound : iron (ii) oxide
Fe2(SO4)3
write the formula for the following compound : iron (iii) sulfate
Pb(C2H3O2)2
write the formula for the following compound : lead (ii) acetate
LiF
write the formula for the following compound : lithium flouride
Mg(NO3)2
write the formula for the following compound : magnesium nitrate
MnCl3
write the formula for the following compound : manganese (iii) chloride
NaOH
write the formula for the following compound : sodium hydroxide
NaNO2
write the formula for the following compound : sodium nitrite
SrCl2
write the formula for the following compound : strontium chloride