chemistry final!

subscript

a _________ is a small number used to represent the number of ions of a given element in a chemical formula.

plus sign

a ________________ is used to separate the symbols hydrogen and oxygen (in a chemical equation).

a catalyst for the reaction

a chemical formula written over the arrow in a chemical equation signifies...

activity series

a list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions

monoatomic

a one-atom ion is called a(n) __________ ion.

(g); (g); (g)

an __ symbol is used to tell the state of hydrogen in the reaction, an __ symbol is used for the state of oxygen, and __ symbol is used for the state of water vapor.

a force that holds together atoms that are oppositely charged

an ionic bond is...

bond dissociation increases

as bond length shortens...

5; 3; 4

balance the equation : C3H8 + ___O2 ---> ___CO2 + ___H2O

2; 2

balance the equation : Cu(NO3)2 + ___NaOH ---> Cu(OH)2 + ___NaNO3

3; 3

balance the equation : H3PO4 + ___KOH ---> ___H2O +K3PO4

16; 8

balance the equation : S8 + ___Cu ---> ___Cu2S

2; 2

balance the equation : __SO2 + O2 ---> ___SO3

2; 3; 2

balance the equation : ___Al + ___Cl2 ---> ___AlCl3

the nuclei of two attached atoms

bond length is the distance between...

brittle

choose the word (flexible or brittle) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : brittleness

good

choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity in the liquid state

poor

choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity in the solid state

good

choose the word (good or poor) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : electrical conductivity when dissolved in water

hard

choose the word (hard or soft) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : hardness

high

choose the word (low or high) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : boiling point

high

choose the word (low or high) that correctly describes each property in an ionic compound : melting point

both

does the following equation represent a combustion reaction, a synthesis reaction, or both? 2C + O2 --> 2CO2 + energy

no

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces.

no

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a piece of ice melts.

yes

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. a tomato smells rotten.

yes

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. baking powder produces a gas that makes cake rise.

yes

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. candle wax burns.

yes

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. drain cleaner is mixed with water and the solution becomes warm.

yes

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. green leaves turn yellow and red as the seasons change.

no

for each statement, write yes if evidence of a chemical reaction is present. write no if there's no evidence of a chemical reaction. molten candle wax solidifies.

NaCl

give an example of a binary compound.

baking a cake

give an example of something endothermic.

something emitting light

give an example of something exothermic.

4

how many bonds does the carbon group form?

1

how many bonds does the fluorine group form?

3

how many bonds does the nitrogen group form?

2

how many bonds does the oxygen group form?

four

how many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

trigonal pyramidal

identify the shape of this compound : NF3

oxyanion

if such an ion (polyatomic ion) is negatively charged and includes one or more oxygen atoms, it is called a(n) _________.

pi bond

if the electron sharing (in a covalent bond) involves the overlap of parallel orbitals, the attachment is called a(n) __ ____.

sigma bond

if the electrons shared (in a covalent bond) are centered between the two atoms, the attachment is called a(n) _______ ____.

-ate; -ite

if two such ions can be formed that contain different numbers of oxygen atoms, the name for the ion with more oxygen atoms ends with the suffix _____. the name for the ion with fewer oxygen atoms ends with _____.

arrow

in a chemical equation for this reaction, an _____ is used to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor and energy.

zero

in ionic compounds, the sum of the charges of all the ions equals ____.

cation; anion

in the chemical formula for any ionic compound, the chemical symbol for the ______ is written first, followed by the chemical symbol for the ______.

as molecules containing two atoms

in what form do elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen normally occur?

polyatomic

ions made up of more than one atom are called ______________ ions.

octet

most of these elements (noble gases) have a set of eight outermost electrons, which is called a stable ______.

barium nitrate

name the following compound : Ba(NO3)2

cadmium bromide

name the following compound : CdBr2

chromium (vi) oxide

name the following compound : CrO3

iron (ii) perchlorate

name the following compound : Fe(ClO4)2

iron (ii) bromide

name the following compound : FeBr2

mercury (ii) sulfate

name the following compound : HgSO4

magnesium hydroxide

name the following compound : Mg(OH)2

magnesium phosphate

name the following compound : Mg3(PO4)2

ammonium acetate

name the following compound : NH4CH3COO

sodium sulfite

name the following compound : Na2SO3

sodium sulfate

name the following compound : Na2SO4

nickel (ii) nitrate

name the following compound : Ni(NO3)2

zinc chloride

name the following compound : ZnCl2

boron triflouride

name the following covalent compound : BF3

bromine chloride

name the following covalent compound : BrCl

water

name the following covalent compound : H2O

nitrogen triflouride

name the following covalent compound : NF3

nitrogen monoxide

name the following covalent compound : NO

diphosphorus pentaoxide

name the following covalent compound : P2O5

tellurium diiodide

name the following covalent compound : TeI2

decomposition

name the type of reaction : 1 compound ---> 2 or more elements and/or compounds

synthesis

name the type of reaction : 2 or more substances ---> 1 compound

synthesis

name the type of reaction : A + B ----> AB

single-replacement

name the type of reaction : A + BX -----> AX + B

decomposition

name the type of reaction : AB ----> A + B

double-replacement

name the type of reaction : AX + BY -----> AY + BX

double-replacement

name the type of reaction : exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds; produces a precipitate, gas, or water

single-replacement

name the type of reaction : one element replaces another element in a compound

single-replacement

name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - an element and a compound PRODUCTS - an element and a compound

decomposition

name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - one PRODUCTS - two or more

combustion

name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - one plus oxygen PRODUCTS - one or more oxides

double-replacement

name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - two compounds PRODUCTS - two compounds

synthesis

name the type of reaction: REACTANTS - two or more PRODUCTS - one

carbon monoxide

name this compound : CO

carbon dioxide

name this compound : CO2

carbonic acid

name this compound : H2CO3

hydrobromic acid

name this compound : HBr

bromic acid

name this compound : HBrO3

nitrous acid

name this compound : HNO2

nitric acid

name this compound : HNO3

dinitrogen tetraoxide

name this compound : N2O4

ammonia

name this compound : NH3

combustion reaction

occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light

Ca + H2O ---> CaO + H2

predict the equation for the following reactants : calcium and water

Fl2 + 2KI ---> 2KF + I2

predict the equation for the following reactants : fluorine and potassium iodide.

MgBr2 + Cl2 ---> MgCl2 + Br2

predict the equation for the following reactants : magnesium bromide and chlorine

6K + Al2O3 ---> 3K2O + 2Al

predict the equation for the following reactants : potassium and aluminum oxide

nucleus; electrons; ions

such attachment (chemical bonds) may form by the attraction of the positively charged ________ of one atom for the negatively charged _________ of another atom, or by the attraction of charged atoms, which are called ____.

lower right

such numbers (subscripts) are written to the ________ ____ of the symbol for the element.

noble gases

the _____ ______ are a family of elements that have very little tendency to react.

activity

the ability of an element to react

valence; energy level

the attractions (chemical bonds) may also involve ________ electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost _______ ______.

oxidation number; electrons

the charge of such an ion (monoatomic ion) is equal to the atom's ___________ ______ which is the number of ________ transferred to or from the atom to form the ion.

electrolysis

the decomposition of a substance by an electric current

chemical bond

the force that holds two atoms together is called a(n) _______ _____.

reactant; reactant; product

the fuel for the space shuttle is hydrogen, which burns in oxygen to produce water vapor and energy. in this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a _________________, oxygen is a ______________, and water vapor is a ___________.

pseudo-noble gas formation

the relatively stable electron structures developed by loss of electrons in certain elements of groups 3, 4, 13, and 14 are called ____________ ___ _________.

electrolysis occurs

the the letter e above the arrow in a chemical equation means

reactants are heated

the the word heat above the arrow in a chemical equation means

law of conservation of mass

total mass of the reacting substances is always equal to the total mass of products

false; anion

true or false : a Cl- ion is an example of a cation.

false; cation

true or false : a positively charged ion is called an anion.

true

true or false : a sodium atom tends to lose one electron when it reacts.

true

true or false : a structural formula shows the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.

false; not all

true or false : all electrons in an atom will be bonded.

false; binary compound

true or false : an oxyacid contains only two elements.

false; ionic

true or false : binary molecular compounds are generally composed of a metal and a nonmetal.

true

true or false : elements in group 1 lose their one valence electron, forming an ion with a 1+ charge.

false; noble gases

true or false : elements tend to react so that they acquire the electron structure of a halogen.

true

true or false : for binary acids, the hydrogen part of the compound is named using the prefix hydro-.

false; -ic

true or false : if the name of the anion of an oxyacid ends in -ate, the acid name contains the suffix -ous.

true

true or false : in molecules, hydrogen is always a terminal atom.

true

true or false : in naming the first element in a formula, the prefix mono- is not used.

true

true or false : in the sulfate ion (SO4^-2) 32 electrons are available for bonding.

true

true or false : ions that have larger charges tend to produce a more negative lattice energy than ions with smaller charges do.

false; less

true or false : large ions tend to produce a more negative value for lattice energy than smaller ions do.

true

true or false : nitrate (NO3) is an example of an ion that forms resonance structures.

false; gaining

true or false : nonmetals form a stable outer electron configuration by losing electrons and becoming anions.

true

true or false : resonance occurs when more than one valid lewis structure can be written for a molecule.

true

true or false : the carbon dioxide molecule contains two double bonds.

false; lowest

true or false : the central atom in a molecule is the one with the highest electron affinity.

true

true or false : the crystal lattice of ionic compounds affects their melting and boiling points.

true

true or false : the electron structure of a zinc ion (Zn 2+) is an example of a pseudo-noble gas formation.

true

true or false : the ending -ide is used to designate an anion.

false; lower

true or false : the energy of an ionic compound is higher than that of the separate elements that formed it.

true

true or false : the lattice energy is the energy required to separate the ions of an ionic compound.

false; not equal

true or false : the number of bonding pairs in a molecule is equal to the number of electrons.

true

true or false : the prefix hexa- indicates six atoms.

false; four

true or false : the prefix tetra- indicates three atoms.

false; -ide

true or false : the second element in the formula of a binary compound is named using the suffix -ite.

false; negative

true or false : to find the total number of electrons available for bonding in a positive ion, you should add the ion charge to the total number of valence electrons of the atoms present.

false; four

true or false : when carbon and oxygen bond, the molecule contains ten pairs of bonding electrons.

NaCl + H2O

what are the products to these reactants? HCl + NaOH

NaCl + O2

what are the products to this reactant? 2NaClO3

CaO + H2O

what are the products to this reactant? Ca(OH)2

SO3 +H2O

what are the products to this reactant? H2SO4

MgO + CO2

what are the products to this reactant? MgCO3

salt

what does a metal + halogen react to form?

metal oxide + carbon dioxide

what does a metallic carbonate react to form?

metal chloride + oxygen

what does a metallic chlorate react to form?

metal oxide + water

what does a metallic hydroxide react to form?

salt + water

what does an acid + base react to form?

metallic oxide + water

what does an acid react to form?

metal compound + hydrogen

what does an active metal + acid react to form?

H2O

what is an example of a linear formula?

180

what is the degree of the linear equation?

adjust the coefficients to the smallest whole-number ratio

what is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?

2KCl

what is the product to these reactants? 2K + Cl2

MgCl2 + H2

what is the product to these reactants? Mg + 2HCl

single-replacement

what is the type of reaction below? Q + XZ --> X + QZ

synthesis

what is the type of reaction below? Q + Z --> QZ

double-replacement

what is the type of reaction below? QT + XZ ----> QZ + XT

decomposition

what is the type of reaction below? QT --> Q + T

KBr + H2O

what would be the products of : HBr + KOH?

ionic compounds transfer electrons. (metal and nonmetal) covalent compounds share electrons. (2 nonmetals)

what's the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds?

when the same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and products

when are chemical equations balanced?

covalent bond

when sharing of electrons occurs, the attachment between atoms that results is called a(n) _________ _____.

exothermic

when such an attachment is formed (covalent bond), bond dissociation energy is released, and the process is ___________.

molecule

when two or more atoms bond by a means of electron sharing, the resulting particle is called a(n) _________.

in front of the formula

where do coefficients go in a chemical reaction?

the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond

which of the following relationships relating to bond length is generally correct? - the shorter the bond, the stronger the bond - the shorter the bond, the weaker the bond - the shorter the bond, the fewer electrons in it - the shorter the bond, the lower the bond dissociation energy

NH3

write a formula for the following covalent compound : ammonia

NH4

write a formula for the following covalent compound : ammonium

CS2

write a formula for the following covalent compound : carbon disulfide

N2O3

write a formula for the following covalent compound : dinitrogen trioxide

Si2Br6

write a formula for the following covalent compound : disilicon hexabromide

HBr

write a formula for the following covalent compound : hydrobromic acid

H2

write a formula for the following covalent compound : hydrogen

CH4

write a formula for the following covalent compound : methane

PF5

write a formula for the following covalent compound : phosphorus pentafluoride

SO

write a formula for the following covalent compound : sulfur monoxide

H2SO3

write a formula for the following covalent compound : sulfurous acid

TeCl4

write a formula for the following covalent compound : tellurium tetrachloride

(NH4)2SO4

write the formula for the following compound : ammonium sulfate

CdC2O4

write the formula for the following compound : cadmium oxalate

CaCl2

write the formula for the following compound : calcium chloride

FeO

write the formula for the following compound : iron (ii) oxide

Fe2(SO4)3

write the formula for the following compound : iron (iii) sulfate

Pb(C2H3O2)2

write the formula for the following compound : lead (ii) acetate

LiF

write the formula for the following compound : lithium flouride

Mg(NO3)2

write the formula for the following compound : magnesium nitrate

MnCl3

write the formula for the following compound : manganese (iii) chloride

NaOH

write the formula for the following compound : sodium hydroxide

NaNO2

write the formula for the following compound : sodium nitrite

SrCl2

write the formula for the following compound : strontium chloride