Chemistry Quiz 2

The element Ca has _______ valence electrons, and these outer electrons are found in the principal level _____.

2 4

Match each structural feature of the periodic table with it definition.

Group = a vertical column of elements in the periodic table Period = a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

A particular Cl atom has an atomic symbol of 37/17Cl. Which statements about the atom are correct?

It contains 20 neutrons It has an atomic number of 17 It contains 17 electrons

Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing size. Largest to smallest.

K Ca As Br

Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing size; beginning with the largest.

K Ca As Br

Which equation correctly represents the ionization of potassium?

K + energy > K`+ + e

Utilize the periodic table to arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic mass. Place the element with the smallest atomic mass at the top of the list and the largest atomic mass at the bottom of the list.

Li Cl Fe Xe

Which of the following statements correctly describe the properties of electromagnetic radiation?

Light is made up of particles called photons The energy of light is inversely proportional to its wavelength

Which of the following is the most probable ion formed by an atom of nitgrogen?

N`3-

Match the species that are isoelectronic

N`3- = Ne Ba`2+ = Xe Se`2- = Kr K`+ = Ar

The electron _____ of an element shows the arrangement of electrons within an atom.

configuration

The charged particle that forms when an atom loses or gains or or more ____ is called an ion. An ion with a positive charge is called ____, whereas an ion with a negative charge is called ____.

electron cation anion

In order to write the electron configuration of an atom, the number of ____ must be known and this number is equal to the atomic ____ for a neutral atom.

electrons number

Thomson's experiments with cathode rays determined that atoms contained even smaller particles called _____, which have a _____ charge.

electrons negative

Principal energy levels describe regions of space where _____ may be found. They have values from n = 1, 2, 3 and so on. The greater the value of n, the _____ the average distance from the nucleus.

electrons, greater

In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons only occupy certain allowed ____ levels, or orbits. Atoms absorb or emit _____ of lights when electrons move between these levels.

energy photons

Elements in the same _____ of the periodic table have similar electronic and chemical properties.

group

An element at the top of a group in the periodic table will have a _____ ionization energy than an element farther down the group.

higher

Ca`2+, K1+, and Cl1 all have the same electron configuration as Ar and are therefore described as being _____ with each other.

isoelectronic

From Geiger's experiments, Rutherford concluded that the atom contains a small, extremely dense region in which most of the atom's ______ is concentrated. he called this central region the ______ of the atom.

mass nucleus

An element located in the center of the periodic table would be classified as _____.

metal

Match each type of element with its location on the periodic table.

metals = large blue area to the left of the "stair step" nonmetals = small yellow area to the right of the "stair step" metalloids = narrow green strip located on both sides of the stair step

Match each principal energy level with the correct number of electrons.

n = 1 - 2 electrons n = 2 - 8 electrons n = 3 - 18 electrons

Match each principal energy level with the types of subshells found in each level.

n = 1 - s n = 2 - s, p n = 3 - s,p,d

Electron configuration can be designated using a shorthand notation of the general form nl`#. Match each letter and number in the notation with its correct meaning.

n = principal energy level l = sublevel # = number of electrons in sublevel

The octet rule states that elements will react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in order to attain the same electron configuration as their closest _____ gas.

noble

In order to write the shorthand electron configuration of an element, place the _____ gas _____ the element in question in the periodic table in square brackets. Then finish the electron configuration by writing in all remaining electrons in the relevant sublevels.

noble before

An atomic orbital represents the _____ of finding and _____ in a region of space.

probability electron

Isotopes of a given element have the same number of _____ in the nucleus but differ in the number of _____ in the nucleus.

protons neutrons

Ionization energy is the energy is the energy required to _____

remove an electron from an atom

Match each subshell with the maximum number of electrons it can contain in a given principal energy level.

s = 2 p = 6 d = 10

Match the atomic orbital with the correct shape?

s orbital = Spherical p orbital = Dumbbell

Two electrons within one orbital with opposite ____ are called ____ electrons

spins paired

A set equal-energy orbitals within a principal energy level is called _____.

sublevel

Atomic size is defined as _____.

the distance from the nucleus to the outer edge of the valence shell

For representative element, the number of valence electrons is indicated by ____.

the group number in which the atom is found

The outermost electrons of an atom are known as the ______ electrons.

valence

The _____ of electromagnetic radiation is the distance two identical points on successive waves.

wavelength

Light is also referred to as electromagnetic radiation and travels in the form of _____ also has properties characteristic of _____. Each form of electromagnetic radiation has a unique _____ but all forms travel at the speed of light.

waves particles energy

K`+ is an ion with _____ protons and _____ electrons.

19 18

Arrange the subshells below in the order in which they fill in the periodic table, beginning with the first.

3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

Which statement correctly describes the procedure used to predict the ion formed by an element?

A metal loses enough electrons to attain the same number as its nearest noble gas

What is a sublevel in the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

A set of equal-energy orbitals within a principal energy level

Which of the following statements are true about ion size?

Anions have more electrons than protons, resulting in a larger radius than the parent atom Cations are smaller than their parents atoms

Which of the following statements about atomic mass are true?

Atomic mass is found on the periodic table for each element The units used for atomic mass are amu.

Which of the following statements correctly describes mass number and/or atomic number?

Atomic number Z, indicates the number of protons in a nucleus

What is the term used to describe a specific region within a sublevel that can contain a maximum of two electrons?

Atomic orbital

Which of the following statements correctly defines the trend in atomic size across a period?

Atomic size decreases moving from left to right across a period.

Match the description with the correction principle or rule.

Aufbau principle = electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first Pauli exclusion principle = each orbital can hold up to two electrons with spins Hund's Rule = When there is a set of equal-energy orbitals, each orbital becomes half-filled before any become completely filled.

Using the periodic table, determine the number of electrons most commonly lost or gained by an element when it forms an ion?

Ba = Loses two O = Gains two F = Gains one Li = Loses one

Match each element with its block in the periodic table.

Carbon = p block Magnesium = s block Cerium = f block Copper = d block

Which of the following options correctly describe Dalton's atomic theory?

Chemical change involves separating, joining, or rearranging atoms. Atoms of the same element are identical All matter consists of atoms

Which of the following statements are true about the periodic trends for electron affinity?

Electron affinities generally increase across a period Noble gases has very low values for electron affinity

Which of the following statements are true about writing the electron configuration of the an atom?

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available The p sublevel contains three orbitals, each of which must be half-filled before being completely filled with six electrons For a neutral atom, the number of electrons can be obtained from its atomic number

What odes it mean for energy to be quantized?

Energy can have certain values but cannot have amounts between those values

Arrange the following elements in order of increasing size. smallest first

F Cl Br L

Which of the following statements are true about writing the electron configuration of an atom?

For a neutral atom, the number of electrons can be obtained from its atomic number Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available The p sub level contains three orbitals, each of which must be half-filled before being completely filled with six electrons.

Which of the following statements are true about Geiger's metal foil experiment?

Geiger utilized a particles in his metal foil experiment Geiger found that most of the particles passed straight through the foil Geiger found that a small fraction of particles were deflected back to the source

Match the definition with the appropriate term.

Ground state = electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels Excited state = electrons are in a higher energy level farther from the nucleus

Match each group in the periodic table with correct name.

Group 1A = Alkali metals Group 2A = Alkaline earth metals Group 7A = Halogens Group 8A = Noble gases

Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing electron affinity. Place the element with the greatest electron affinity first and the electron affinity last.

O P Si Ca

Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing ionization energy; beginning with the highest.

O S Se Te

What rule states that elements react by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in order to attain the same electron configuration as their closest noble gas?

Octet rule

Select all of the nonmetals from the list below.

Oxygen Bromine Sulfur

Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing ionization energy, beginning with the lowest.

Rb Sr In Te

Match each ion with the correct number of protons and electrons.

S`2- = 16 protons, 18 electrons Ca`2+ = 20 protons, 18 electrons Br = 35 protons, 36 electrons Al`3+ = 13 protons, 10 electrons

Which statements about isotopes are are correct?

Some isotopes of an element by radioactive, whereas others may be stable. All isotopes of a given element typically have the same chemical properties

Why are the s, p, d, and f blocks designated as such?

The block designation indicates the subshell that is being filled with electrons.

What does it mean if two species are isoelectronic?

They have the same number of electrons The have the same electron configuration

Which of the following options correctly describe the results of the experiments performed by Thomson?

Thomson found that cathode rays were attracted toward the positive electrode of an external electric field. Thomson found that cathode rays were deflected away from the negative end of an external magnetic field.

A spectral line in the emission spectrum of an atom represents _____.

a photon of light being emitted when an electron moves from a higher energy state to the ground state of an atom

Electron affinity measures the tendency of an element to form____

anion

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element is called _______.

atom