Chemistry Review

By another factional distillation or simple distillation?

After fractional distillation, each fraction is still a mixture.

A fuel cell?

All of the Above.

Hydrogen fuel can be produced from?

All three- Water, natural gas, and biomass.

Petroleum and natural gas?

All three- fossil fuels, non renewable, and hydrocarbons

Substituted for these?

Aluminum Foil, PVC Pipes, copper pipes, and radios.

Where in a distillation tower- top, middle, or bottom- would you expect the fraction with the highest boiling point?

At the bottom because this fraction requires the most energy to vaporize and to travel upwards.

Hydrogen can be used?

Both a and b. Produces electricity and as a vehicle fuel.

What is the shortest chain alkane?

Butane C4H10

What is a Hydrocarbon?

A molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon

General molecular formula example C2H6?

A. 9 Carbon- C9H20 B. C10H20 C. 16 Carbons C10H34 D. 18 Carbon C18H38

Name and give the molecular formula.

A. C3H8 3(12)+8(1)=44G/Mol B. C5H21 5(12)+12(1)=72G/mol

The average American uses how much energy compared to the rest of the world citizens?

About four times as much.

Which energy source meets more total energy demand than any other in the U.S.

Petroleum

List 4 household items made from petroleum?

Plastic containers, Clothing, Carpet medicines, detergents.

Petroleum and natural gas are usually found in which types of rock formation?

Sedimentary

How does fractional distillation differ from a simple distillation?

Simple distillation is a batch process that separates mixture into individual components. Fractional distillation is a continuous process that separates mixtures.

A fuel cell must replaced often, like a non-rechargeable battery.

false

Crude oil contains liquid products.

false

Hydrogen gas is abundant in underground reservoirs on Earth.

false

Most crude oil is processed into diesel fuel for trucks, boats, trains, and other heavy vehicles.

false

Most petroleum products in the United States are transported by large oil tankers.

false

Hydrogen could meet many of our energy needs in the future.

false.

Electrolysis is a process in which electricity is used to?

split water molecules into hydrogens and oxygen gases.

What percentage of the US energy consumption is from renewable energy sources?

10-15%

What is the average number of barrels of petroleum used daily in the United States for building (non fuel) purposes?

11% or 2 million barrels

How much US oil production comes from the offshore wells?

15-25%

What percentage of oil in the US does the industrial sector use for energy and to manufacture products?

16-25%

How much of total US energy consumption is used by the transportation sector of the economy?

29%

About how much of total crude oil supply does the United States import from foreign countries?

40-50%

What percentage of oil does the U.S import from other countries?

45-55%

Geologists using advanced technologies to explore for oil are successful what percentage of the time?

60%

How many barrels of petroleum, on average, are burned as fuel daily in the U.S.?

89% or 18 million barrels

Calculate the Molar mass.

9(12)+20(1)=128G/mol 10(12)+22(1)=142G/mol 16(12)+34(1)=226G/mol 18(12)+38(1)=254G/mol

Explain in what way both representation are correct?

A linear chain correctly communicates the connectivity of all carbon atoms, but does not simply imply anything about their three-dimensional arrangement. The three-dimensional geometry around a singly bonded carbon atoms, this result in a zigzag arrangement along the carbon chain.

Lights- Gasoline, gasoline additives, solvents.

Heavy- Fuel oil, diesel oil, Lubricants.

Under what conditions could density be used to separate two different liquids?

If they don't form solutions when they are mixed.

What is the likelihood of discovering a pure form of petroleum that can be used directly as it is pumped from the ground?

It can never be pure.

What characteristics of petroleum make it a valuable resource?

It can provide large quantities of energy when burned and can be used to synthesize many items.

What is meant by saying that oil is crude?

It contains many impurities and components; it must be refined to become useful.

Rank the following straight-chained hydrocarbons?

Methane, Pentane, Hexane, Octane. The boiling points increased due to increased forces of attraction among molecules.

Name several fuels obtained from crude petroleum?

Natural gas, Gasoline, Kerosene, fuel oil, and diesel fuel.

What does it mean to refine a natural resource?

To remove impurities from the raw material and/or separate the raw material into useful components.

which sector of the economy uses the highest percentages of petroleum products?

Transportation

An ideal energy system would?

Use a variety of energy source.

Which possible mixture of two listed substances would be the easiest to separate by distillation?

Water and Acetone, because of their boiling points are the most different from each other.

Chemical plants make thousands of different chemical, plastics, medicines, cosmetics, clothing, tire, and other products we use every day form petroleum products .

true

Crude oil must be processed before it can be used.

true

Crude oil must be processed before it is useable by consumers.

true

Hydrogen can be transported as a liquid or a gas.

true

Hydrogen is as safe as gasoline or diesel fuel when handled properly.

true

Hydrogen is one of the most abundant element in the universe?

true

Refineries separate petroleum products according to their boiling points by distillation.

true

The price o foil affects all sectors of the U.S. economy.

true