Cholesterol 4.3.1
How can you change LDL and HDL levels?
diet , exercise and eating things like red meat and dairy which are saturated fats.
familial hypercholesterolemia
genetic disorder. It is caused by a defect on chromosome 19. The defect makes the body unable to remove low density lipoprotein (LDL, or bad) cholesterol from the blood. This results in a high level of LDL in the blood.It is a autosomal dominant trait.
Unsaturated
helps reduce LDL and lower risk of heart disease and stoke provides nutrients to help develop and maintain cells
why is is bad to have high blood sugar dealing with cholesterol?
it contributes to heart diseases and having a higher level would decrease your HDL levels and higher your triglyceride levels
what is total cholesterol?
measure of cholesterol levels of LDL , HDL and VLDL which is the triglyceride carrying component of lipids.
Structure of LDL?
50% cholesterol , 25% protein.
Triglycerides
A type of fat that is used to store energy. Having high amounts can increase chance of heart disease MORE then having high HDL level
What should the levels of HDL be?
Atleast 50 mm /dL
Bile acids and digestion
Bile acids allow for digestion and absorption of fat and oil and soluble solution
cholesterol test
Blood tests measure the total amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
What to do to be less at risk.
Decreasing the amount of cholesterols, trans and saturated fats that are consumed.Eating fiber rich foods, vegetables and less fatty meats.Exercise, Maintaining healthy weight.
VLDLs
Don't have a lot of protein.Purpose is to deliver cholesterol to cells, distribute cholesterol .High VLDL level is bad; cause buildup of cholesterol
Learning and memory
High cholesterol over time can cause atherosclerosis aka thickening of artery walls affecting the blood supply to the brain .
What is HDL?
High density Lipoprotein. Removes excess cholesterol from the bloodstream. Transports cholesterol to the liver .
Why is it important to have a balance between LDL and HDL?
It keep circulating lipids and prevents them from becoming blocked inside the arteries.Foods high in saturated fats and trans fat cause your liver to produce more cholesterol then it normally would to regulate the lipids traveling through the arteries.
very high risk of LDL and HDL
LDL-90+ HDL-<40
Vitamin D
Synthesized by cholesterol found in food with high levels of cholesterol
What happens when HDL levels are high?
Tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart disease.
What else do doctors monitor along with LDL and HDL
Triglycerides , blood sugar levels and total cholesterol
What is cholesterol?
a molecule made with types of lipid molecules.Forms part of animal cell membrane . Naturally produces in the liver and also absorbed from food as it passes through the intestine.
Hypercholesterolemia
autosomal dominant genetic deflect where the LDL receptor is absent on the outside of the cell so the body cannot remove bad cholesterol.
Atherosclerosis
cholesterol can form a thick , hard to deposit that can narrow the arteries and make them less flexible.
Cell membrane
cholesterol helps this by giving extra support.
Steroid hormones
cholesterol is the precursor producer.Without cholesterol it would not be made.
what does "bad" LDL mean?
contributes to the build up in arteries. Plaque builds up in the narrower arteries resulting in clogs including a increased risk in heart attack.
why is it bad to have high triglycerides?
its a type of fat and if there is too much it will increase your risk of heart diseases
What is LDL
low density lipoprotein. Responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells . Cholesterol carrying particle in the blood . Carries more cholesterol than HDL .
What does "good" HDL mean ?
make increase risk of heart disease . But they can benefit your health because they carry cholesterol away from your heart and other organs and deliver it back to your liver, where it is passes from your body.
liver
makes cholesterol so there is no need to consume it
Structure for HDL?
proteins are more dense . 20% cholesterol , 50% protein.
Trans fat
raises LDL which can clog arteries and cause heart disease and lower HDL
Saturated
raises the level of cholesterol in the blood high levels can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke
What does cholesterol do?
regulates immunity and a form of defence. Transportation for lipids. Forms large part of the cell membrane maintaining stability and maintenance of the cell structure.
What would happen if there is too much cholesterol?
results in the blockage of arteries
What should the levels of LDL be ?
should be less then 130 mm/dL