Clinical Anatomy: Neck

functions of deep cervical fascia

- supports the cervical viscera, muscles, vessels, and deep lymph nodes - limit the spread of abscesses (collection of pus) - slipperiness that allows structures in the neck to move and pass over (ex: swallowing, turning head and neck)

innervation of the deep cervical fascia

CN XI (accessory nerve)

prevertebral fascia

Forms a tubular sheath for the vertebral column and the muscles associated with it such as Longus colli, Longus capitis anteriorly, scalenes laterally, and deep cervical muscles posteriorly

The body of the hyoid faces

anteriorly

The clavicles are part of the _____ skeleton.

appendicular skeleton

The cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of the sternum are part of the_______ skeleton

axial skeleton

The neck is located

between the base of the cranium superiorly and the clavicles inferiorly

Platysma

broad thin sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck

Fracture of the hyoid bone

can occur in strangulation results in depression of hyoid into thyroid cartilage. Inability to elevate the hyoid and move it beneath the tongue makes swallowing and separation of the alimentary and respiration tracts difficult and may result in aspiration pneumonia

Where does lymph from the head and neck drain?

cervical lymph nodes

Bones of the neck include

cervical vertebrae, hyoid bone, manubrium of the sternum, and clavicles

carotid sheath contains

common and internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerve fibers

Cervical subcutaneous tissue (superficial cervical fascia) contains

cutaneous nerves, blood, lymphatic vessels, fat, and lymph nodes. Anterolaterally it contains the platysma

The hyoid...

does not articulate with any bone

The platysma is supplied by the

facial nerve (CN VII)

The hyoid contains

greater and lesser horns

Hyoid bones lies

in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the C3 vertebra in the angle between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage

What are the deep cervical facia layers?

investing, petracheal, and prevertebral

Cervical subcutaneous tissue (superficial cervical fascia)

layer of fatty connective tissue between the dermis of the skin and investing layer of deep cervical fascia

petracheal fascia

limited to anterior part of neck. extends inferiorly from the hyoid into the thorax where is blends with the fibrous pericardium covering the heart.

The hyoid is suspended by muscles that connect it to the

mandible, styloid processes, thyroid cartilage, manubrium of the sternum, and scapulae

The thyroid cartilage lies where?

middle of anterior aspect of the neck and it is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx and trachea

the retropharyngeal space allows

movement of the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, and trachea, relative to the vertebral column during swallowing

Function of the hyoid bone

serves as an attachment for anterior neck muscles and a prop to keep the airway open

Main arterial blood flow to the head and neck

the carotid arteries

What is the principle venous drainage of the neck and where are they located?

the jugular veins which lie anterolaterally in the neck

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

this layer of deep fascia completely encircles the neck; on each side of the neck, the layer splits to enclose the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles