Cognitive Psychology Final Exam - Dr. Lisa Topp-Manriquez (Unit 2 Review)

articulatory suppression.

A task with the instructions "Read the following words while repeating 'the, the, the' out loud, look away, and then write down the words you remember" would most likely be studying

attention

According to Baddeley, the central executive controls ________.

short-term memory

According to Broadbent, where does the process of rehearsal take place?

sound; "S"

According to the phonological similarity effect, we're more likely to confuse words or letters that ___ similar. For example, "F" is more likely to be misidentified as ___

words

According to the predictions of the memory span demonstration, for which of the following types of material should a participant have the shortest memory span?

semantic knowledge

All of the following illustrate implicit memory EXCEPT ___.

salience

Because Robbie will be late to the big outdoor concert, he tells Serena to wear that ugly lime green top. This will increase Serena's ________ so Robbie can find her in the crowd.

the filter eliminates the unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information.

Broadbent's model is called the early selection model because

chunking

By listing numbers as (212) 555-1234, telephone companies use which technique to help people remember their own and others' phone numbers?

aware; unaware

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________.

change detection

For decades, children waiting to see the dentist have done a familiar challenge in Highlights magazine. They compare two illustrations that look almost identical and try to identify 15 things that are different. What are the children engaging in?

vision; sound

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as _____ is to _____

The visuospatial sketch pad

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

a build-up and release of proactive interference.

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates

easy; difficult

Low-load tasks are to high-load tasks as _____ is to _____.

a deviation from her scene schema

Marisol was pleasantly surprised when she walked into the hospital to visit her father and saw an espresso bar and a four-piece jazz quartet playing. What caused Marisol's response?

automatic processing

Peter was so stressed about his presentation tomorrow that he was surprised to find himself pulling into his driveway after work. He didn't remember one bit of what is usually a nasty commute on packed roads. What enabled Peter to make it home safely?

priming

Political propaganda is an effective tool to manage and control the public due to the effect of ________.

beginning; end

Primacy effect is to recency effect as ___ is to ___

episodic; long-term

Remembering a fun family trip to the beach when you were six years old requires recalling a(n) ________ memory from ________ memory.

I had dinner at the sushi place.

Ronnie told his friend Sasha, "Last Thursday when it got below freezing and the roads were icy, I went to that new sushi place on Rte 38 for the $12.99 all-you-can-eat special." Which part of Ronnie's autobiographical memory is episodic?

knowing; remembering

Semantic memory is to ________ as episodic memory is to ________.

The recency effect is eliminated.

Suppose a subject began recall of a list of words after counting backwards for 30 seconds. What would be the likely consequence of doing this?

control process; rehearsal

Suppose someone has told you a phone number, and you're repeating it over and over again to yourself with the hope that you'll remember it before you dial the number. This example is a type of a ___ called ___.

episodic

Suppose you recall that you had a pleasant conversation with a cashier the other day when you went to get coffee. This memory should be viewed as primarily being ___.

selective attention

Suppose you're at a loud party where you're trying really hard to listen to a conversation that you're having with a friend. In doing so, you're showing ___. Selected Answer: selective attentionCorrect Answer: selective attention

the partial report method

Suppose you're shown five rows containing five letters each. You're then told to recall only one row of letters. In doing so, you're utilizing ___.

distraction

Suppose you're studying in the library and you hear someone else's cell phone conversation, which, in turn, causes you to lose your focus on your work. This example illustrates ___.

the hippocampus

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ___________ is crucial for the formation of long-term memories.

sensory memory

The trail left by a moving sparkler is an example of the ___ at work.

complexity

What distinguishes working memory from short-term memory?

to prevent decay

What is a key function of the phonological loop?

no limit

What is the upper limit for holding information in long-term memory?

"The game was close and exciting."

When Javier talks about last night's basketball game with his friend Carol over coffee, which of the following internal thoughts reflect Javier's working memory?

recognition

When the police ask the victim of a crime to look through mugshots of past criminals, they hope that the victim's ________ will help them to identify and arrest a suspect.

procedural

When you just ride a bike without consciously thinking about how to do so, this illustrates ___ memory.

visuospatial sketch pad

When you're trying to understand what your professor is talking about in a lecture, which of the following is LEAST important to aid this process?

detector

Which component of Broadbent's model of attention is focused on the meaning of a stimulus?

short-term memory (STM)

Which of the following deserves credit for the recency effect?

Inattentional blindness

Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible?

filter

Which of the following is the key factor in the cocktail party effect?

digit span

Which of the following likely led early telephone companies to create phone numbers using the format 213-555-1234 rather than a format such as 21776-551873-0633295?

acknowledging that you just sat down

Which of the following memories would NOT be an example of long-term memory?

your name

Which of the following should have the lowest threshold for being activated to attention according to Treisman?

unlimited

Which of the following terms does NOT reflect Baddeley and Hitch's concept of working memory?

multiple-choice

Which of the following types of exam questions is an example of recognition memory?

a firefly's glow

Which of the following will likely NOT advance beyond sensory memory?

experience

Which term best reflects the aspect of memory that people lose with age?

Stroop

Who developed a test that demonstrates the distractive power of some task-irrelevant stimuli?

The last words are lost in short-term memory (STM).

Why does counting backwards after reciting a list of words eliminate the recency effect?

divided attention

Yvonne is attempting to listen to a conversation from her friend while simultaneously being alert for an expected cell phone call. This example illustrates ___.

Which of the following would be an example of auditory coding in long-term memory?

a song you have heard many times before, repeating over and over in your mind