College Physics 1

5. At time t = 0 s, an object is observed at x = 0 m; and its position along the x axis follows this expression: x = -4t + t2, where the units for distance and time are meters and seconds, respectively. What is the object's displacement Δx between t = 1.0 s and t = 3.0 s? A) +16 m B) -21 m C) +10 m D) +2 m E) -5 m

A) +16 m

A tennis ball is shot vertically upward in an evacuated chamber inside a tower with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. 63. Approximately how long does it take the tennis ball to reach its maximum height? A) 0.50 s B) 2.04 s C) 4.08 s D) 6.08 s E) 9.80 s

B) 2.04 s

63. Justine and her friends exit the physics classroom and walk 0.70 km to their math class. While walking, Justine's average step length is 58 cm. Approximately, how many steps does she take in walking between these two classes? A) 310 B) 720 C) 1200 D) 3100 E) 7200

C) 1200

During a one-hour trip, a small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east. 9. What is the boat's average speed during the one-hour trip? A) 20 km/h B) 100 km/h C) 140 km/h D) 280 km/h E) 10 000 km/h

C) 140 km/h

55. Ryan throws a tennis ball vertically upward. The ball returns to the point of release after 3.5 s. What is the speed of the ball as it is released? A) 0 m/s B) 14 m/s C) 17 m/s D) 21 m/s E) 34 m/s

C) 17 m/s

The table gives the x and y components of two vectors and : Vector x component +15 units +15 units y component +10 units -10 units 68. Determine the magnitude of the vector difference, - . A) 5 units B) 15 units C) 20 units D) 30 units E) 50 units

C) 20 units

A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 97. How long is the ball in the air when it returns to its original position? A) 4.0 s B) 4.6 s C) 8.0 s D) 9.2 s E) 16 s

C) 8.0 s

A small object is released from rest and falls 1.00 × 102 feet near the surface of the earth. Neglect air resistance. 99. Approximately how fast will the object be moving after falling through the 1.00 × 102 feet mentioned? A) 9.8 ft/s B) 40 ft/s C) 80 ft/s D) 160 ft/s E) 320 ft/s

C) 80 ft/s

3. Which one of the physical quantities listed below is not correctly paired with its SI unit and dimension? Quantity Unit Dimension A) velocity m/s [L]/[T] B) path length m [L] C) speed m/s [L]/[T] D) displacement m/s2 [L]/[T]2 E) speed × time m [L]

D) displacement m/s2 [L]/[T]2

7. In a diving competition, a woman dives from a platform that is ten meters above the surface of the water. What is the height, expressed in feet, of the platform? A) 13 feet B) 18 feet C) 24 feet D) 33 feet E) 47 feet

D) 33 feet

The figure shows the speed as a function of time for an object in free fall near the surface of the earth. The object was dropped from rest in a long evacuated cylinder. 101. What is the numerical value of the slope of the line? A) 1.0 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 C) 7.7 m/s2 D) 9.8 m/s2 E) This cannot be determined from the information given since the speed and time values are unknown.

D) 9.8 m/s2

30. Which one of the following situations is not possible? A) A body has zero velocity and non-zero acceleration. B) A body travels with a northward velocity and a northward acceleration. C) A body travels with a northward velocity and a southward acceleration. D) A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration. E) A body travels with a constant acceleration and a time-varying velocity.

D) A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration.

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's position from the starting point as a function of time. 73. In which segment or segments of the graph does the object have the highest speed? A) AB B) BC C) CD D) DE E) AB and CD

D) DE

93. Which one of the following statements concerning the force exerted on the plane by the rock is true? A) It is 0 N. B) It is 98 N. C) It is greater than 98 N. D) It is less than 98 N, but greater than zero newtons. E) It increases as the angle of inclination is increased.

D) It is less than 98 N, but greater than zero newtons.

32. Two point masses m and M are separated by a distance d. If the separation d remains fixed and the masses are increased to the values 3m and 3M respectively, how does the gravitational force between them change? A) The force will be one-third as great. B) The force will be one-ninth as great. C) The force will be three times as great. D) The force will be nine times as great. E) It is impossible to determine without knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d.

D) The force will be nine times as great.

64. A rock is suspended from a string; and it accelerates upward. Which statement is true concerning the tension in the string? A) The tension points downward. B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is independent of the magnitude of the rock's acceleration.

D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock.

28. Which one of the following statements must be true if the expression is to be used? A) x is constant. B) v is constant. C) t is constant. D) a is constant. E) Both v0 and t are constant.

D) a is constant.

31. Two vectors and are added together to form a vector . The relationship between the magnitudes of the vectors is given by A + B = C. Which one of the following statements concerning these vectors is true? A) and must be displacements. B) and must have equal lengths. C) and must point in opposite directions. D) and must point in the same direction. E) and must be at right angles to each other.

D) and must point in the same direction.

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's velocity as a function of time 78. What is the acceleration of the object in the interval from t = 5 s to t = 6 s? A) -40 m/s2 B) +40 m/s2 C) -20 m/s2 D) +20 m/s2 E) -10 m/s2

E) -10 m/s2

9. Complete the following statement: The ratio is equal to A) 102. B) 103. C) 106. D) 10-3. E) 10-6.

E) 10-6.

1. A park ranger wanted to measure the height of a tall tree. The ranger stood 9.50 m from the base of the tree; and he observed that his line of sight made an angle of 65.2° above the horizontal as he looked at the top of the tree. The park ranger's eyes are 1.80 m above the ground. What is the height of the tree? A) 5.84 m B) 8.77 m C) 11.7 m D) 17.3 m E) 22.4 m

E) 22.4 m

A system of two cables supports a 150-N ball as shown. 77. What is the tension in the right-hand cable? A) 87 N B) 150 N C) 170 N D) 260 N E) 300 N

E) 300 N

90. Complete the following statement: The magnitude of the normal force could be reduced by A) increasing the speed of the block. B) decreasing the coefficient of kinetic friction. C) decreasing the velocity of the block. D) decreasing the angle made by the rope. E) increasing the angle made by the rope

E) increasing the angle made by the rope

39. A 2.00-kg projectile is fired at an angle of 20.0°. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on the projectile when it is at the highest position in its trajectory? Neglect any effects of air resistance. A) 19.6 N B) 14.7 N C) 9.80 N D) 4.90 N E) 0 N

A) 19.6 N

16. What was the magnitude of the displacement of the spaceship during the 25 seconds? A) 2.0 × 104 m B) 1.4 × 104 m C) 2.8 × 104 m D) 1.0 × 104 m E) 1.7 × 102 m

A) 2.0 × 104 m

36. What is the minimum number of vectors with equal magnitudes whose vector sum can be zero? A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six

A) two

29. Consider the following forces. (1) frictional (2) gravitational (3) tension (4) strong nuclear (5) normal (6) electroweak Which of the forces listed are considered fundamental forces? A) 1, 2, and 4 B) 1, 2, 3, and 5 C) 1, 3, and 5 D) 2, 4, and 6 E) 2, 3, 4, and 6

D) 2, 4, and 6

58. Neglecting air resistance, what maximum height will be reached by an arrow launched straight upward with an initial speed of 35 m/s? A) 98 m B) 160 m C) 41 m D) 63 m E) 18 m

D) 63 m

An object is moving along the x axis. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 69. What is the velocity of the object at t = 7.0 s? A) +3.0 m/s B) -1.0 m/s C) -2.0 m/s D) -3.0 m/s E) zero m/s

D) -3.0 m/s

8. A candy shop sells a pound of chocolate for $ 10.85. What is the price of 1.50 kg of chocolate at the shop? A) $ 8.17 B) $ 13.49 C) $ 17.98 D) $ 29.73 E) $ 35.81

E) $ 35.81

Peter noticed a bug crawling along a meter stick and decided to record the bug's position in five-second intervals. After the bug crawled off the meter stick, Peter created the table shown. Time (s) Position (cm) 0.00 49.6 5.00 39.2 10.0 42.5 15.0 41.0 20.0 65.7 6. What is the displacement of the bug between t = 0.00 s and t = 20.0 s? A) +39.9 cm B) -39.9 cm C) +65.7 cm D) -16.1 cm E) +16.1 cm

E) +16.1 cm

A rock is kicked horizontally at a speed of 15 m/s from the edge of a cliff. The rock strikes the ground 65 m from the foot of the cliff of height H as suggested in the figure, which is not drawn to scale. Neglect air resistance. 48. What is the approximate value of H, the height of the cliff? A) 27 m B) 54 m C) 78 m D) 150m E) 300 m

C) 78 m

34. What is the angle between the vectors and - when they are drawn from a common origin? A) 0° B) 90° C) 180° D) 270° E) 360°

C) 180°

A ball is shot straight up from the surface of the earth with an initial speed of 19.6 m/s. Neglect any effects due to air resistance. 60. What maximum height will the ball reach? A) 9.80 m B) 14.7 m C) 19.6 m D) 24.5 m E) 58.8 m

C) 19.6 m

45. A car is stopped at a red traffic light. When the light turns to green, the car has a constant acceleration and crosses the 9.10-m intersection in 2.86 s. What is the magnitude of the car's acceleration? A) 1.77 m/s2 B) 2.98 m/s2 C) 2.23 m/s2 D) 7.36 m/s2 E) 9.80 m/s2

C) 2.23 m/s2

A rope holds a 10-kg rock at rest on a frictionless inclined plane as shown. 92. Determine the tension in the rope. A) 9.8 N B) 20 N C) 49 N D) 85 N E) 98 N

C) 49 N

79. A woman stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator that is not moving. The scale reads 500 N. The elevator then moves downward at a constant velocity of 5 m/s. What does the scale read while the elevator descends with constant velocity? A) 100 N B) 250 N C) 500 N D) 600 N E) 750 N

C) 500 N

14. An airplane traveling north at 400 m/s is accelerated due east at a rate of 50 m/s2 for 6 s. If the effects of air resistance and gravity are ignored, what is the final speed of the plane? A) 300 m/s B) 400 m/s C) 500 m/s D) 700 m/s E) 800 m/s

C) 500 m/s

A projectile is fired horizontally with an initial speed of 50.0 m/s. Neglect air resistance 50. What is the speed of the projectile 3.00 s after it is fired? A) 29.4 m/s B) 50.0 m/s C) 58.0 m/s D) 79.4 m/s E) 98.6 m/s

C) 58.0 m/s

37. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line. In the first second the car moves a distance of 2.0 meters. How much additional distance will the car move during the second second of its motion? A) 2.0 m B) 4.0 m C) 6.0 m D) 8.0 m E) 13 m

C) 6.0 m

81. A certain crane can provide a maximum lifting force of 25 000 N. It hoists a 2000-kg load starting at ground level by applying the maximum force for a 2-second interval; then, it applies just sufficient force to keep the load moving upward at constant speed. Approximately how long does it take to raise the load from ground level to a height of 30 m? A) 2 s B) 5 s C) 7 s D) 9 s E) 10 s

C) 7 s

7. A car traveling at 20 m/s follows a curve in the road so that its centripetal acceleration is 5 m/s2. What is the radius of the curve? A) 4 m B) 8 m C) 80 m D) 160 m E) 640 m

C) 80 m

35. What is the minimum number of vectors with unequal magnitudes whose vector sum can be zero? A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six

B) three

An object starts from rest and accelerates uniformly in a straight line in the positive x direction. After 11 seconds, its speed is 70.0 m/s. 46. Determine the acceleration of the object. A) +3.5 m/s2 B) +6.4 m/s2 C) -3.5 m/s2 D) -6.4 m/s2 E) +7.7 m/s2

B) +6.4 m/s2

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's position from the starting point as a function of time. 72. What was the instantaneous velocity of the object at t = 4 s? A) +6 m/s B) +8 m/s C) +10 m/s D) +20 m/s E) +40 m/s

C) +10 m/s

1. Which one of the following is an SI base unit? A) gram B) slug C) newton D) centimeter E) kilogram

E) kilogram

A book is resting on the surface of a table. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation: (1) the force of the earth pulling on the book (3) the force of the book pushing on the table (2) the force of the table pushing on the book (4) the force of the book pulling on the earth 26. The book has an acceleration of 0 m/s2. Which pair of forces, excluding "action-reaction" pairs, must be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction? A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 3 E) 2 and 4

A) 1 and 2

50. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. Consider the following quantities: (1) the speed of the ball; (2) the velocity of the ball; (3) the acceleration of the ball. Which of these is (are) zero when the ball has reached the maximum height? A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 1 only D) 2 only E) 1, 2, and 3

A) 1 and 2 only

19. Two forces act on a 4.5-kg block resting on a frictionless surface as shown. What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the block? A) 1.8 m/s2 B) 1.2 m/s2 C) 0.82 m/s2 D) 3.2 m/s2 E) 8.9 m/s2

A) 1.8 m/s2

47. A sailboat leaves a harbor and sails 1.8 km in the direction 65° south of east, where the captain stops for lunch. A short time later, the boat sails 1.1 km in the direction 15° north of east. What is the magnitude of the resultant displacement from the harbor? A) 2.3 km B) 1.5 km C) 2.9 km D) 1.2 km E) 0.59 km

A) 2.3 km

83. A 20.0-kg package is dropped from a high tower in still air and is "tracked" by a radar system. When the package is 25 m above the ground, the radar tracking indicates that its acceleration is 7.0 m/s2. Determine the force of air resistance on the package. A) 56 N B) 28 N C) 280 N D) 196 N E) 140 N

A) 56 N

A force pulls on a crate of mass m that is in contact with a rough surface. The figure shows the magnitudes and directions of the forces that act on the crate in this situation. represents the weight of the crate. represents the normal force on the crate, and represents the frictional force. 44. What is the magnitude of , the normal force on the crate? A) 57 N B) 80 N C) 160 N D) 196 N E) 230 N

A) 57 N

A football is kicked with a speed of 18 m/s at an angle of 65° to the horizontal. 44. What are the respective horizontal and vertical components of the initial velocity of the football? A) 7.6 m/s, 16 m/s B) 16 m/s, 7.6 m/s C) 8.4 m/s, 13 m/s D) 13 m/s, 8.4 m/s E) 9 m/s, 9 m/s

A) 7.6 m/s, 16 m/s

40. Which expression is false concerning the vectors shown in the sketch? A) = + B) + = - C) + + = 0 D) C < A + B E) A^2 + B^2 = C^2

A) = +

34. A car, starting from rest, accelerates in a straight-line path at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2. How far will the car travel in 12 seconds? A) 180 m B) 144 m C) 6 m D) 24 m E) 288 m

B) 144 m

46. The wheels of an automobile are locked as it slides to a stop from an initial speed of 30.0 m/s. If the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.600 and the road is horizontal, approximately how long does it take the car to stop? A) 4.22 s B) 5.10 s C) 8.75 s D) 10.4 s E) 15.3 s

B) 5.10 s

41. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force acting on a 79.5-kg student due to a 58.0-kg student sitting 2.40 m away in the classroom? A) 3.14 × 10-9 N B) 5.33 × 10-8 N C) 7.91 × 10-10 N D) 1.41 × 10-7 N E) 6.29 × 10-8 N

B) 5.33 × 10-8 N

26. Which one of the following is not a vector quantity? A) acceleration B) average speed C) displacement D) average velocity E) instantaneous velocity

B) average speed

14. During the first 18 minutes of a 1.0-hour trip, a car has an average speed of 11 m/s. What must the average speed of the car be during the last 42 minutes of the trip be if the car is to have an average speed of 21 m/s for the entire trip? A) 21 m/s B) 23 m/s C) 25 m/s D) 27 m/s E) 29 m/s

C) 25 m/s

5. A net force is required to give an object with mass m an acceleration a. If a net force 6 is applied to an object with mass 2m, what is the acceleration on this object? A) B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6

C) 3

69. A muscle builder holds the ends of a massless rope. At the center of the rope, a 7.9-kg ball is hung as shown. What is the tension in the rope if the angle θ in the drawing is 6.0°? A) 960 N B) 740 N C) 370 N D) 230 N E) 150 N

C) 370 N

37. A basketball is launched with an initial speed of 8.0 m/s and follows the trajectory shown. The ball enters the basket 0.96 s after it is launched. What are the distances x and y? Note: The drawing is not to scale. x y A) 5.4 m 0.73 m B) 7.7 m 0.91 m C) 5.4 m 0.91 m D) 5.7 m 0.73 m E) 5.4 m 5.4 m

C) 5.4 m 0.91 m

4. A solar-powered car is traveling at constant speed around a circular track. What happens to the centripetal acceleration of the car if the speed is doubled? A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same. B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 2. C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 4. D) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor of one-half. E) The centripetal acceleration is decreased by a factor of one-fourth.

C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 4

58. A 2.0-N rock slides on a frictionless inclined plane. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the normal force that the plane exerts on the rock? A) The normal force is zero newtons. B) The normal force is 2.0 N. C) The normal force is less than 2.0 N, but greater than zero newtons. D) The normal force is greater than 2.0 N. E) It increases as the angle of inclination, θ, is increased

C) The normal force is less than 2.0 N, but greater than zero newtons.

91. Which one of the following actions will increase the frictional force on the block? A) increasing the contact surface area B) decreasing the contact surface area C) increasing the weight of the block D) decreasing the speed of the block E) increasing the angle made by the rope

C) increasing the weight of the block

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's velocity as a function of time. 76. During which interval(s) of the graph does the speed of the object increase by equal amounts in equal times? A) 0 s to 2 s B) 2 s to 3 s C) 3 s to 5 s D) 0 s to 2 s and 3 s to 5 s E) 0 s to 2 s, 3 to 5 s, and 5 to 6 s

D) 0 s to 2 s and 3 s to 5 s

55. During the execution of a play, a football player carries the ball for a distance of 33 m in the direction 58° north of east. To determine the number of meters gained on the play, find the northward component of the ball's displacement. A) 8.0 m B) 16 m C) 24 m D) 28 m E) 32 m

D) 28 m

The figure shows the speed as a function of time for an object in free fall near the surface of the earth. The object was dropped from rest in a long evacuated cylinder. 102. What is the speed of the object 3.0 seconds after it is dropped? A) 3.0 m/s B) 7.7 m/s C) 9.8 m/s D) 29 m/s E) This cannot be determined since there is no specified value of height.

D) 29 m/s

A racecar, traveling at constant speed, makes one lap around a circular track of radius r in a time t. Note: The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2πr. 20. In which one of the following situations does the car have a westward acceleration? A) The car travels westward at constant speed. B) The car travels eastward and speeds up. C) The car travels westward and slows down. D) The car travels eastward and slows down. E) The car starts from rest and moves toward the east.

D) The car travels eastward and slows down.

67. The graph shows the height versus time of an object. Estimate the instantaneous velocity, in m/s, of the object at time t = 15 min. A) 0.90 m/s B) 0.70 m/s C) 0.50 m/s D) 0.30 m/s E) 0.10 m/s

E) 0.10 m/s

38. A student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 6.0 m and 8.0 m, respectively. Which one of the following could not be a possible choice for the resultant? A) 2.3 m B) 6.6 m C) 10.0 m D) 12.8 m E) 14.8 m

E) 14.8 m

During a one-hour trip, a small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east. 11. What is the direction of the boat's average velocity for the one-hour trip? A) due east B) 36.9° north of east C) 41.7° north of east D) 49.2° north of east E) 53.1° north of east

E) 53.1° north of east

A spaceship is observed traveling in the positive x direction with a speed of 150 m/s when it begins accelerating at a constant rate. The spaceship is observed 25 s later traveling with an instantaneous velocity of 1500 m/s at an angle of 55° above the +x axis. 15. What was the magnitude of the acceleration of the spaceship during the 25 seconds? A) 1.5 m/s2 B) 7.3 m/s2 C) 28 m/s2 D) 48 m/s2 E) 57 m/s2

E) 57 m/s2

62. A physics text has 544 sheets (1088 pages) and is 34.3 millimeters thick between the inside front cover and the inside back cover. What is the thickness of a single sheet? A) 6.36 × 10-4 m B) 3.16 × 10-2 m C) 6.28 × 10-3 m D) 7.24 × 10-6 m E) 6.30 × 10-5 m

E) 6.30 × 10-5 m

3. Approximately one billion years ago, the Moon orbited the Earth much closer than it does today. The radius of the orbit was only 24 400 km. The orbital period was only 23 400 s. Today, the average radius is 385 000 km; and the present period is 2.36 × 106 s. Assuming that the orbit of the Moon is circular, calculate the ratio of the speed of the Moon in its ancient orbit to the speed that it has today. A) 15.8 B) 12.8 C) 10.2 D) 7.15 E) 6.39

E) 6.39

58. Use the component method of vector addition to find the components of the resultant of the four displacements shown in the figure. The magnitudes of the displacements are: A = 2.25 cm, B = 6.35 cm, C = 5.47 cm, and D = 4.19 cm. (Angle A=60.0; B=20.0; C=36.0; D=36.0) x component y component A) 2.19 cm -6.92 cm B) 3.71 cm -1.09 cm C) 5.45 cm -2.82 cm D) 1.09 cm -3.71 cm E) 6.93 cm -2.19 cm

E) 6.93 cm -2.19 cm

36. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line. In the first second the car moves a distance of 2.0 meters. How fast will the car be moving at the end of the second second? A) 4.0 m/s B) 16 m/s C) 2.0 m/s D) 32 m/s E) 8.0 m/s

E) 8.0 m/s

60. In an experiment with a block of wood on an inclined plane, with dimensions shown in the figure, the following observations are made: (1) If the block is placed on the inclined plane, it remains there at rest. (2) If the block is given a small push, it will accelerate toward the bottom of the incline without any further pushing. Which one of the following statements is the best conclusion that can be drawn from these observations? A) The coefficient of kinetic friction must be negative. B) Both coefficients of friction must be less than 0.25. C) Both coefficients of friction must be greater than 0.25. D) The coefficient of static friction must be less than the coefficient of kinetic friction. E) The coefficient of static friction is greater than 0.25 while the coefficient of kinetic friction is less than 0.25.

E) The coefficient of static friction is greater than 0.25 while the coefficient of kinetic friction is less than 0.25.

63. A passenger at rest on a flatbed train car fires a bullet straight up. The event is viewed by observers at rest on the station platform as the train moves past the platform with constant velocity. What is the trajectory of the bullet as described by the observers on the platform? A) a straight horizontal path in the direction of the train's velocity B) a straight vertical path up and down C) a circular path centered on the gun D) a straight diagonal path E) a parabolic path

E) a parabolic path

20. A certain physical quantity, R, is calculated using the formula: R = 4a2(b - c) where a, b, and c are distances. What is the SI unit for R? A) cm B) cm2 C) m D) m2 E) m3

E) m3

87. A 4-kg block and a 2-kg block can move on the horizontal frictionless surface. The blocks are accelerated by a +12-N force that pushes the larger block against the smaller one. Determine the force that the 2-kg block exerts on the 4-kg block. A) -4 N B) -12 N C) 0 N D) +4 N E) +8 N

A) -4 N

13. Carl Lewis set a world record for the 100.0-m run with a time of 9.86 s. If, after reaching the finish line, Mr. Lewis walked directly back to his starting point in 90.9 s, what is the magnitude of his average velocity for the 200.0 m? A) 0 m/s B) 1.10 m/s C) 1.98 m/s D) 5.60 m/s E) 10.1 m/s

A) 0 m/s

6. When the net force that acts on a hockey puck is 12 N, the puck accelerates at a rate of 48 m/s2. Determine the mass of the puck. A) 0.25 kg B) 1.0 kg C) 5.0 kg D) 2.5 kg E) 2.0 kg

A) 0.25 kg

61. While the man is crossing the river, what is his velocity relative to the shore? A) 1.35 m/s, 34° north of east B) 2.00 m/s, 56° north of east C) 1.74 m/s, 34° north of east D) 2.11 m/s, 34° north of east E) 2.50 m/s, 42° north of east

A) 1.35 m/s, 34° north of east

A block is pulled at constant speed along a rough level surface by a rope that makes an angle of 30° with respect to the horizontal. The applied force along the rope is . The force of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 10 N. 89. Which one of the following expressions gives the magnitude of the force in SI units? A) 10/(cos 30°) B) 10/(sin 30°) C) 10(cos 30°) D) 10(sin 30°) E) tan 30°

A) 10/(cos 30°)

5. A train travels due south at 60 m/s. It reverses its direction and travels due north at 60 m/s. What is the change in velocity of the train? A) 120 m/s, due north B) 120 m/s, due south C) 60 m/s, due north D) 60 m/s, due south E) zero m/s

A) 120 m/s, due north

61. Which one of the following answers would give the correct number of significant figures when the following masses are added together: 3.6 kg, 113 kg, and 4.19 kg? A) 121 kg B) 120.8 kg C) 120.79 kg D) 1.20 × 102 kg E) 120.8 × 103 kg

A) 121 kg

26. A certain mountain road is inclined 3.1° with respect to the horizon. What is the change in altitude of the car as a result of its traveling 2.90 km along the road? A) 157 m B) 181 m C) 116 m D) 203 m E) 289 m

A) 157 m

During football practice, a football is kicked with a speed of 22 m/s at an angle of 60.0° relative to the positive x direction. At that instant, an observer rides past the football in a car that moves with a constant speed of 11 m/s in the positive x direction. 54. Determine the initial velocity of the ball relative to the observer in the car. A) 19 m/s in the +y direction B) 11 m/s in the +y direction C) 19 m/s at 60° to the +x direction D) 33 m/s at 60° to the +x direction E) 17 m/s at 60° to the +x direction

A) 19 m/s in the +y direction

A small object is released from rest and falls 1.00 × 102 feet near the surface of the earth. Neglect air resistance. 98. How long will it take to fall through the 1.00 × 102 feet mentioned? A) 2.49 s B) 3.12 s C) 4.50 s D) 6.25 s E) 10.0 s

A) 2.49 s

24. A 3.0-m ladder leans against a wall and makes an angle with the wall of 28° as shown in the drawing. What is the height h above the ground where the ladder makes contact with the wall? A) 2.6 m B) 2.3 m C) 2.1 m D) 1.9 m E) 1.6 m

A) 2.6 m

38. A car is initially traveling at 50.0 km/h. The brakes are applied and the car stops over a distance of 35 m. What was magnitude of the car's acceleration while it was braking? A) 2.8 m/s2 B) 5.4 m/s2 C) 36 m/s2 D) 71 m/s2 E) 9.8 m/s2

A) 2.8 m/s2

A rock, dropped from rest near the surface of an atmosphere-free planet, attains a speed of 20.0 m/s after falling 8.0 meters 92. Determine the speed of the object after falling from rest through 16 m on this planet. A) 28 m/s B) 32 m/s C) 56 m/s D) 64 m/s E) 320 m/s

A) 28 m/s

56. A bird flies 25.0 m in the direction 55° east of south to its nest on a cliff. The bird then flies 75.0 m in the direction 55° west of north to the top of a tree. What are the northward and westward components of the resultant displacement of the bird from its nest? northward westward A) 29 m 41 m B) 41 m 29 m C) 35 m 35 m D) 81 m 57 m E) 57 m 81 m

A) 29 m 41 m

53. A race car will make one lap around a circular track of radius R. When the car has traveled halfway around the track, what is the magnitude of the car's displacement from the starting point? A) 2R B) R C) πR D) 2πR E) zero meters

A) 2R

67. A basketball player is running at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s when he tosses a basketball upward with a speed of 6.0 m/s. How far does the player run before he catches the ball? Ignore air resistance. A) 3.1 m B) 4.5 m C) The ball cannot be caught because it will fall behind the player. D) 6.0 m E) 7.5 m

A) 3.1 m

15. A turtle takes 3.5 minutes to walk 18 m toward the south along a deserted highway. A truck driver stops and picks up the turtle. The driver takes the turtle to a town 1.1 km to the north with an average speed of 12 m/s. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the turtle for its entire journey? A) 3.6 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 6.0 m/s D) 2.6 m/s E) 11 m/s

A) 3.6 m/s

8. In the process of delivering mail, a postal worker walks 161 m, due east from his truck. He then turns around and walks 194 m, due west from his truck. What is the worker's displacement relative to his truck? A) 33 m, due west B) 33 m, due east C) 194 m, due west D) 252 m, due east E) 355 m, due west

A) 33 m, due west

80. A rope connects boat A to boat B. Boat A starts from rest and accelerates to a speed of 9.5 m/s in a time t = 47 s. The mass of boat B is 540 kg. Assuming a constant frictional force of 230 N acts on boat B, what is the magnitude of the tension in the rope that connects the boats during the time that boat A is accelerating? A) 340 N B) 1270 N C) 230 N D) 860 N E) 160 N

A) 340 N

Peter noticed a bug crawling along a meter stick and decided to record the bug's position in five-second intervals. After the bug crawled off the meter stick, Peter created the table shown. Time (s) Position (cm) 0.00 49.6 5.00 39.2 10.0 42.5 15.0 41.0 20.0 65.7 7. What is the total distance that the bug traveled between t = 0.00 s and t = 20.0 s? Assume the bug only changed directions at the end of a five-second interval. A) 39.9 cm B) 65.7 cm C) 16.1 cm D) 47.1 cm E) 26.5 cm

A) 39.9 cm

A ball is shot straight up from the surface of the earth with an initial speed of 19.6 m/s. Neglect any effects due to air resistance. 61. How much time elapses between the throwing of the ball and its return to the original launch point? A) 4.00 s B) 2.00 s C) 12.0 s D) 8.00 s E) 16.0 s

A) 4.00 s

20. A tennis ball is thrown from ground level with velocity directed 30° above the horizontal. If it takes the ball 0.5 s to reach the top of its trajectory, what is the magnitude of the initial velocity? A) 4.9 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 11.3 m/s D) 19.6 m/s E) 34.4 m/s

A) 4.9 m/s

Two cars approach each other on a straight and level road. Car A is traveling at 75 km/h, due north and car B is traveling at 45 km/h, due south. Both velocities are measured relative to the ground. 57. At a certain instant, the distance between the cars is 15 km. How long will it take, in seconds, from that instant for the two cars to meet? A) 450 s B) 900 s C) 720 s D) 1200 s E) 1900 s

A) 450 s

A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 93. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this planet? A) 5.0 m/s2 B) 9.8 m/s2 C) 12 m/s2 D) 15 m/s2 E) 24 m/s2

A) 5.0 m/s2

49. A displacement vector has a magnitude of 810 m and points at an angle of 18° above the positive x axis. What are the x and y scalar components of this vector? x scalar component y scalar component A) 770 m; 250 m B) 560 m; 585 m C) 585 m; 560 m D) 250 m; 750 m E) 713 m; 385 m

A) 770 m; 250 m

A tennis ball is shot vertically upward in an evacuated chamber inside a tower with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. 64. Determine the velocity of the ball at t = 3.00 seconds. A) 9.40 m/s, downward B) 9.40 m/s, upward C) 29.4 m/s, downward D) 38.8 m/s, upward E) 38.8 m/s, downward

A) 9.40 m/s, downward

A projectile is fired horizontally with an initial speed of 50.0 m/s. Neglect air resistance 51. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the projectile 3.00 s after it is fired? A) 9.8 m/s2 B) 16.6 m/s2 C) 29.4 m/s2 D) 5.42 m/s2 E) zero m/s2

A) 9.8 m/s2

36. An astronaut orbits the earth in a space capsule whose height above the earth is equal to the earth's radius. How does the mass of the astronaut in the capsule compare to her mass on the earth? A) Her mass is equal to her mass on earth. B) Her mass is approximately equal to one-fourth her mass on earth. C) Her mass is approximately equal to one-half of her mass on earth. D) Her mass is approximately equal to one-third of her mass on earth. E) Her mass is approximately equal to one-sixteenth her mass on earth.

A) Her mass is equal to her mass on earth.

A 2.0-kg object moves in a straight line on a horizontal frictionless surface. The graph shows the velocity of the object as a function of time. The various equal time intervals are labeled using Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, and V. The net force on the object always acts along the line of motion of the object. 14. In which section of the graph is the magnitude of the net force decreasing? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

A) I

66. Under what condition(s) will an object be in equilibrium? A) If the object is either at rest or moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium. B) If the object is either moving with constant velocity or with constant acceleration, it is in equilibrium. C) Only if the object is at rest can it be in equilibrium. D) Only if the object is moving with constant velocity can it be in equilibrium. E) Only if the object is moving with constant acceleration can it be in equilibrium.

A) If the object is either at rest or moving with constant velocity, it is in equilibrium.

68. A small plane climbs with a constant velocity of 240 m/s at an angle of 24° with respect to the horizontal. Which statement is true concerning the magnitude of the net force on the plane? A) It is equal to zero newtons. B) It is equal to the weight of the plane. C) It is equal to the magnitude of the force of air resistance. D) It is less than the weight of the plane but greater than zero newtons. E) It is equal to the component of the weight of the plane in the direction of motion.

A) It is equal to zero newtons.

4. Complete the following statement: An inertial reference frame is one in which A) Newton's first law of motion is valid. B) the inertias of objects within the frame are zero. C) the frame is accelerating. D) the acceleration due to gravity is greater than zero m/s2. E) Newton's second law of motion is not valid.

A) Newton's first law of motion is valid.

30. A rock is thrown straight up from the earth's surface. Which one of the following statements concerning the net force acting on the rock at the top of its path is true? A) The net force is equal to the weight of the rock. B) The net force is instantaneously equal to zero newtons. C) The direction of the net force changes from up to down. D) The net force is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The net force is less than the weight of the rock, but greater than zero newtons.

A) The net force is equal to the weight of the rock.

The table gives the x and y components of two vectors and : Vector x component +15 units +15 units y component +10 units -10 units 66. Which one of the following statements concerning these vectors is true? A) The vector - has no x component. B) The two vectors have different magnitudes. C) makes a 56° angle with the positive x axis. D) makes a 34° angle with the positive y axis. E) The vector + makes a 34° angle with the positive x axis.

A) The vector - has no x component.

27. In which one of the following cases is the displacement of the object directly proportional to the elapsed time? A) a ball rolls with constant velocity B) a ball at rest is given a constant acceleration C) a ball rolling with velocity vo is given a constant acceleration D) a bead falling through oil experiences a decreasing acceleration E) a rocket fired from the earth's surface experiences an increasing acceleration

A) a ball rolls with constant velocity

32. Two vectors and are added together to form a vector . The relationship between the magnitudes of the vectors is given by: A2 + B2 = C2. Which statement concerning these vectors is true? A) and must be at right angles to each other. B) and could have any orientation relative to each other. C) and must have equal lengths. D) and must be parallel. E) and could be antiparallel.

A) and must be at right angles to each other.

In which case will the magnitude of the normal force on the block be equal to (Mg + F sin θ )? A) case 1 only B) case 2 only C) both cases 1 and 2 D) both cases 2 and 3 E) cases 1, 2, and 3

A) case 1 only

76. A block of weight W is suspended by a string of fixed length. The ends of the string are held at various positions as shown in the figures below. In which case, if any, is the magnitude of the tension along the string the largest? A) case A B) case B C) case C D) case D E) The magnitude of the tension will be the same in all four cases, since the string must support the entire weight of the block.

A) case A

An object is moving along the x axis. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 68. During which interval(s) is(are) the object moving in the negative x direction? A) during interval B only B) during intervals B and C C) during intervals C and D D) during intervals B and D E) during intervals B, C, and D

A) during interval B only

1. With one exception, each of the following units can be used to express mass. What is the exception? A) newton B) slug C) gram D) N•s2/m E) kilogram

A) newton

4. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard unit of time is defined in terms of A) the electromagnetic waves emitted by cesium atoms. B) the motion of the moon around the earth. C) the motion of a precision pendulum. D) the average solar day. E) the speed of light.

A) the electromagnetic waves emitted by cesium atoms.

An object is moving along the x axis. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 70. What is the acceleration of the object at t = 7.0 s? A) zero m/s2 B) -2.0 m/s2 C) -3.0 m/s2 D) +9.8 m/s2 E) +4.0 m/s2

A) zero m/s2

83. In a race, Marcos runs 1.00 mile in 4.02 min, mounts a bicycle, and rides back to his starting point, which is also the finish line, in 3.02 min. What is the magnitude of Marcos' average velocity for the race? A) zero mi/h B) 12.1 mi/h C) 14.9 mi/h D) 17.0 mi/h E) 19.9 mi/h

A) zero mi/h

A automotive test driver travels due north in a prototype hybrid vehicle at 30 mi/h for 2 hours. She then reverses her direction and travels due south at 60 mi/h for 1 hour. 85. What is the average velocity of the vehicle? A) zero mi/h B) 40 mi/h, north C) 40 mi/h, south D) 45 mi/h, north E) 45 mi/h, south

A) zero mi/h

A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 96. Determine the velocity of the ball when it returns to its original position. Note: assume the upward direction is positive. A) +20 m/s B) -20 m/s C) +40 m/s D) -40 m/s E) zero m/s

B) -20 m/s

59. A boy pulls a 5.0-kg sled with a rope that makes a 60.0° angle with respect to the horizontal surface of a frozen pond. The boy pulls on the rope with a force of 10.0 N; and the sled moves with constant velocity. What is the coefficient of friction between the sled and the ice? A) 0.09 B) 0.12 C) 0.18 D) 0.06 E) 0.24

B) 0.12

55. A crate rests on the flatbed of a truck that is initially traveling at 15 m/s on a level road. The driver applies the brakes and the truck is brought to a halt in a distance of 38 m. If the deceleration of the truck is constant, what is the minimum coefficient of friction between the crate and the truck that is required to keep the crate from sliding? A) 0.20 B) 0.30 C) 0.39 D) 0.59 E) This cannot be determined without knowing the mass of the crate.

B) 0.30

75. Two sleds are hooked together in tandem as shown in the figure. The front sled is twice as massive as the rear sled. The sleds are pulled along a frictionless surface by an applied force . The tension in the rope between the sleds is . Determine the ratio of the magnitudes of the two forces, A) 0.25 B) 0.33 C) 0.50 D) 0.67 E) 2.0

B) 0.33

1. A ball moves with a constant speed of 4 m/s around a circle of radius 0.25 m. What is the period of the motion? [Hint: For this calculation, you need to know the circumference of the circle.] A) 0.1 s B) 0.4 s C) 0.7 s D) 1 s E) 2 s

B) 0.4 s

A rock, dropped from rest near the surface of an atmosphere-free planet, attains a speed of 20.0 m/s after falling 8.0 meters 90. How long did it take the object to fall the 8.0 meters mentioned? A) 0.40 s B) 0.80 s C) 1.3 s D) 2.5 s E) 16 s

B) 0.80 s

A 10-kg block is connected to a 40-kg block as shown in the figure. The surface on that the blocks slide is frictionless. A force of 50 N pulls the blocks to the right. 84. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the 40-kg block? A) 0.5 m/s2 B) 1 m/s2 C) 2 m/s2 D) 4 m/s2 E) 5 m/s2

B) 1 m/s2

52. A brick is dropped from rest from a height of 4.9 m. How long does it take the brick to reach the ground? A) 0.6 s B) 1.0 s C) 1.2 s D) 1.4 s E) 2.0 s

B) 1.0 s

A rock, dropped from rest near the surface of an atmosphere-free planet, attains a speed of 20.0 m/s after falling 8.0 meters 91. How long would it take the object, falling from rest, to fall 16 m on this planet? A) 0.8 s B) 1.1 s C) 2.5 s D) 3.5 s E) 22 s

B) 1.1 s

13. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 152 m? A) 1.52 × 101 m B) 1.52 × 102 m C) 1.52 × 10-1 m D) 1.52 × 10-2 m E) 1.52 × 100m

B) 1.52 × 10^2 m

A 10-kg block is connected to a 40-kg block as shown in the figure. The surface on that the blocks slide is frictionless. A force of 50 N pulls the blocks to the right. 85. What is the magnitude of the tension in the rope that connects the two blocks? A) 0 N B) 10 N C) 20 N D) 40 N E) 50 N

B) 10 N

Two blocks rest on a horizontal frictionless surface as shown. The surface between the top and bottom blocks is roughened so that there is no slipping between the two blocks. A 30-N force is applied to the bottom block as suggested in the figure. 49. What is the force of static friction between the top and bottom blocks? A) zero newtons B) 10 N C) 20 N D) 25 N E) 30 N

B) 10 N

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's velocity as a function of time 77. How far does the object move in the interval from t = 0 to t = 2 s? A) 7.5 m B) 10 m C) 15 m D) 20 m E) 25 m

B) 10 m

During a one-hour trip, a small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east. 8. What is the boat's displacement for the one-hour trip? A) 20 km B) 100 km C) 140 km D) 280 km E) 10 000 km

B) 100 km

During a one-hour trip, a small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east. 10. What is the magnitude of the boat's average velocity for the one-hour trip? A) 20 km/h B) 100 km/h C) 140 km/h D) 10 000 km/h E) 20 000 km/h

B) 100 km/h

9. A net force of 25 N is applied for 5.7 s to a 12-kg box initially at rest. What is the speed of the box at the end of the 5.7-s interval? A) 1.8 m/s B) 12 m/s C) 3.0 m/s D) 7.5 m/s E) 30 m/s

B) 12 m/s

25. A train with a constant velocity of +28.6 m/s approaches a small town . The operator applies the brake, reducing the train's velocity to +11.4 m/s. If the average acceleration of the train during braking is -1.35 m/s2, for what elapsed time does the operator apply the brake? A) 8.44 s B) 12.7 s C) 3.38 s D) 5.92 s E) 10.4 s

B) 12.7 s

52. The x and y components of a displacement vector are -3.00 m and +4.00 m, respectively. What angle does this vector make with the positive x axis? A) 233° B) 127° C) -53.0° D) 53.0° E) 37.0°

B) 127°

A ball is shot straight up from the surface of the earth with an initial speed of 19.6 m/s. Neglect any effects due to air resistance. 59. What is the magnitude of the ball's displacement from the starting point after 1.00 second has elapsed? A) 9.80 m B) 14.7 m C) 19.6 m D) 24.5 m E) 58.8 m

B) 14.7 m

54. Water drips from rest from a leaf that is 15 meters above the ground. Neglecting air resistance, what is the speed of each water drop when it hits the ground? A) 30 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 40 m/s D) 15 m/s E) 20 m/s

B) 17 m/s

12. An eagle is flying due east at 8.9 m/s carrying a gopher in its talons. The gopher manages to break free at a height of 12 m. What is the magnitude of the gopher's velocity as it reaches the ground? Note: effects of air resistance are not included in this calculation. A) 22 m/s B) 18 m/s C) 11 m/s D) 9.8 m/s E) 8.9 m/s

B) 18 m/s

A 2.0-N force acts horizontally on a 10-N block that is initially at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.50. 56. What is the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the block? A) 0 N B) 2 N C) 5 N D) 8 N E) 10 N

B) 2 N

A physics student in a hot air balloon ascends vertically at constant speed. Consider the following four forces present in this situation: 1 = the weight of the hot air balloon 3 = the force of the student pulling on the earth 2 = the weight of the student 4 = the force of the hot air balloon pulling on the student 23. Which two forces form an "action-reaction" pair that obeys Newton's third law? A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 1 and 3 D) 2 and 4 E) 3 and 4

B) 2 and 3

Two blocks rest on a horizontal frictionless surface as shown. The surface between the top and bottom blocks is roughened so that there is no slipping between the two blocks. A 30-N force is applied to the bottom block as suggested in the figure. 48. What is the acceleration of the "two block" system? A) 1 m/s2 B) 2 m/s2 C) 3 m/s2 D) 6 m/s2 E) 15 m/s2

B) 2 m/s2

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's velocity as a function of time. 75. During which interval(s) of the graph does the object travel equal distances in equal times? A) 0 s to 2 s B) 2 s to 3 s C) 3 s to 5 s D) 0 s to 2 s and 3 s to 5 s E) 0 s to 2 s, 3 to 5 s, and 5 to 6 s

B) 2 s to 3 s

21. An elevator is moving upward with a speed of 11 m/s. Three seconds later, the elevator is still moving upward, but its speed has been reduced to 5.0 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the elevator during the 3.0 s interval? A) 2.0 m/s2, upward B) 2.0 m/s2, downward C) 5.3 m/s2, upward D) 5.3 m/s2, downward E) 2.7 m/s2, downward

B) 2.0 m/s2, downward

A projectile is fired at an angle of 55.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 35.0 m/s. 22. How long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point in its trajectory? A) 1.5 s B) 2.4 s C) 4.0 s D) 6.2 s E) 9.8 s

B) 2.4 s

A tennis ball is shot vertically upward in an evacuated chamber inside a tower with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. 62. How high does the ball rise? A) 10.2 m B) 20.4 m C) 40.8 m D) 72.4 m E) 98.0 m

B) 20.4 m

A football is kicked with a speed of 18 m/s at an angle of 65° to the horizontal. 46. How far does the football travel horizontally before it hits the ground? A) 18 m B) 25 m C) 36 m D) 48 m E) 72 m

B) 25 m

10. A 975-kg car accelerates from rest to 26.7 m/s in a distance of 120 m. What is the magnitude of the average net force acting on the car? A) 740 N B) 2900 N C) 91 N D) 1300 N E) 7900 N

B) 2900 N

A racecar, traveling at constant speed, makes one lap around a circular track of radius r in a time t. Note: The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2πr. 16. When the car has traveled halfway around the track, what is the magnitude of its displacement from the starting point? A) r B) 2r C) πr D) 2πr E) zero meters

B) 2r

59. A boat that can travel at 4.0 km/h in still water crosses a river with a current of 2.0 km/h. At what angle must the boat be pointed upstream (that is, relative to its actual path) to go straight across the river? A) 27° B) 30° C) 60° D) 63° E) 90°

B) 30°

10. When the outdoor emergency warning siren at Cheryl's school was tested, the sound from the siren took 7.0 s to reach her house located 2.40 km from the school. What is the speed of sound in air? A) 240 m/s B) 340 m/s C) 440 m/s D) 540 m/s E) 640 m/s

B) 340 m/s

A boat radioed a distress call to a Coast Guard station. At the time of the call, a vector A from the station to the boat had a magnitude of 45.0 km and was directed 15.0° east of north. A vector from the station to the point where the boat was later found is = 30.0 km, 15.0° north of east. 70. How far did the boat travel from the point where the distress call was made to the point where the boat was found? In other words, what is the magnitude of vector ? A) 65.3 km B) 39.7 km C) 26.5 km D) 54.0 km E) 42.5 km

B) 39.7 km

12. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 44.5 mm? A) 4.45 × 101 m B) 4.45 × 10-2 m C) 44.5 × 10-1 m D) 44.5 × 10-2 m E) 4.45 × 100m

B) 4.45 × 10-2 m

6. A car travels along a highway with a velocity of 24 m/s, west. The car exits the highway; and 4.0 s later, its instantaneous velocity is 16 m/s, 45° north of west. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the car during the four-second interval? A) 2.4 m/s2 B) 4.5 m/s2 C) 1.2 m/s2 D) 11 m/s2 E) 17 m/s2

B) 4.5 m/s2

41. City A lies 30 km directly south of city B. A bus, beginning at city A travels 50 km at 37° north of east to reach city C. How far and in what direction must the bus go from city C to reach city B? A) 20 km, west B) 40 km, west C) 80 km, west D) 40 km, east E) 80 km, east

B) 40 km, west

A projectile is fired at an angle of 55.0° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 35.0 m/s. 21. What is the magnitude of the horizontal component of the projectile's displacement at the end of 2 s? A) 30 m B) 40 m C) 10 m D) 20 m E) 50 m

B) 40 m

44. An escaped convict runs 1.70 km due east of the prison. He then runs due north to a friend's house. If the magnitude of the convict's total displacement vector is 2.50 km, what is the direction of his total displacement vector with respect to due east? A) 43° south of east B) 47° north of east C) 56° north of east D) 34° south of east E) 34° north of east

B) 47° north of east

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 23. Determine the initial speed of the projectile. A) 40 m/s B) 50 m/s C) 60 m/s D) 70 m/s E) 80 m/s

B) 50 m/s

11. A 2150-kg truck is traveling along a straight, level road at a constant speed of 55.0 km/h when the driver removes his foot from the accelerator. After 21.0 s, the truck's speed is 33.0 km/h. What is the magnitude of the average net force acting on the truck during the 21.0 s interval? A) 2250 N B) 626 N C) 1890 N D) 972 N E) 229 N

B) 626 N

40. A car traveling along a road begins accelerating with a constant acceleration of 1.5 m/s2 in the direction of motion. After traveling 392 m at this acceleration, its speed is 35 m/s. Determine the speed of the car when it began accelerating. A) 1.5 m/s B) 7.0 m/s C) 34 m/s D) 49 m/s E) 2.3 m/s

B) 7.0 m/s

Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 4 m/s2. 88. What is the speed of the particle after it has traveled 8 m? A) 4 m/s B) 8 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 60 m/s E) 100 m/s

B) 8 m/s

A shell is fired with a horizontal velocity in the positive x direction from the top of an 80-m high cliff. The shell strikes the ground 1330 m from the base of the cliff. The drawing is not to scale. 34. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the shell just before it strikes the ground? A) 4.0 m/s2 B) 9.8 m/s2 C) 82 m/s2 D) 170 m/s2 E) 330 m/s2

B) 9.8 m/s2

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 27. What is the acceleration of the projectile when it reaches its maximum height? A) zero m/s2 B) 9.8 m/s2, downward C) 4.9 m/s2, downward D) less than 9.8 m/s2 and non-zero. E) Its magnitude is 9.8 m/s2;and its direction is changing.

B) 9.8 m/s2, downward

A tennis ball is shot vertically upward in an evacuated chamber inside a tower with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. 65. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball when it is at its highest point? A) zero m/s2 B) 9.80 m/s2 C) 19.6 m/s2 D) 4.90 m/s2 E) 3.13 m/s2

B) 9.80 m/s2

Two vectors, and , are added together to form the vector = + . The relationship between the magnitudes of these vectors is given by: Cx = 0 Cy = A sin 60° + B sin 30° Ax and Ay point in the positive x and y directions, respectively. 65. How does the magnitude of compare with that of ? A) A = B B) A = 1.7B C) A = 0.4B D) A = 0.5B E) A = 0.7B

B) A = 1.7B

2. For which one of the following situations will the path length equal the magnitude of the displacement? A) A toy train is traveling around a circular track. B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane. C) A train travels 5 miles east before it stops. It then travels 2 miles west. D) A ball rises and falls after being thrown straight up from the earth's surface. E) A ball on the end of a string is moving in a vertical circle.

B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane.

A horse pulls a cart along a flat road. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation. (1) the force of the horse pulling on the cart (3) the force of the horse pushing on the road (2) the force of the cart pulling on the horse (4) the force of the road pushing on the horse 22. Suppose that the horse and cart have started from rest; and as time goes on, their speed increases in the same direction. Which one of the following conclusions is correct concerning the magnitudes of the forces mentioned above? A) Force 1 exceeds force 2. B) Force 2 is less than force 3. C) Force 2 exceeds force 4. D) Force 3 exceeds force 4. E) Forces 1 and 2 cannot have equal magnitudes

B) Force 2 is less than force 3.

35. An astronaut orbits the earth in a space capsule whose height above the earth is equal to the earth's radius. How does the weight of the astronaut in the capsule compare to her weight on the earth? A) Her weight is equal to zero newtons. B) Her weight is approximately equal to one-fourth her weight on earth. C) Her weight is approximately equal to one-half of her weight on earth. D) Her weight is approximately equal to one-third of her weight on earth. E) Her weight is approximately equal to one-sixteenth her weight on earth.

B) Her weight is approximately equal to one-fourth her weight on earth

32. Two objects A and B accelerate from rest with the same constant acceleration. Object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B, however. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these objects at the end of their respective periods of acceleration? A) Object A will travel twice as far as object B. B) Object A will travel four times as far as object B. C) Object A will travel eight times further than object B. D) Object A will be moving four times faster than object B. E) Object A will be moving eight times faster than object B.

B) Object A will travel four times as far as object B.

17. A football is kicked at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal. Which one of the following statements best describes the acceleration of the football during this event if air resistance is neglected? A) The acceleration is zero m/s2 at all times. B) The acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 at all times. C) The acceleration is zero m/s2 when the football has reached the highest point in its trajectory. D) The acceleration is positive as the football rises, and it is negative as the football falls. E) The acceleration starts at 9.8 m/s2 and drops to some constant lower value as the ball approaches the ground.

B) The acceleration is 9.8 m/s2 at all times.

51. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. The ball rises to some maximum height and falls back toward the surface of the earth. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true if air resistance is neglected? A) As the ball rises, its acceleration vector points upward. B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight. C) The acceleration of the ball is zero when the ball is at its highest point. D) The speed of the ball is negative while the ball falls back toward the earth. E) The velocity and acceleration of the ball always point in the same direction.

B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight.

A tennis ball is thrown upward at an angle from point A. It follows a parabolic trajectory and hits the ground at point D. At the instant shown, the ball is at point B. Point C represents the highest position of the ball above the ground. 42. Which statement is true concerning the ball when it is at C, the highest point in its trajectory? A) The ball's velocity and acceleration are both zero. B) The ball's velocity is perpendicular to its acceleration. C) The ball's velocity is not zero, but its acceleration is zero. D) The ball's velocity is zero, but its acceleration is not zero. E) The horizontal and vertical components of the ball's velocity are equal.

B) The ball's velocity is perpendicular to its acceleration.

31. Two point masses m and M are separated by a distance d. If the distance between the masses is increased to 3d, how does the gravitational force between them change? A) The force will be one-third as great. B) The force will be one-ninth as great. C) The force will be three times as great. D) The force will be nine times as great. E) It is impossible to determine without knowing the numerical values of m, M, and d.

B) The force will be one-ninth as great.

37. Which one of the following statements best explains why the weight of an object of mass m is different on Mars than it is on the Earth? A) The mass of Mars is different from that of Earth. B) The masses and radii of Mars and Earth are not the same. C) The mass m is further from the Earth's center when it is on Mars. D) The constant G is different on Mars. E) The mass m will be different on Mars.

B) The masses and radii of Mars and Earth are not the same.

The figure shows the speed as a function of time for an object in free fall near the surface of the earth. The object was dropped from rest in a long evacuated cylinder. 100. Which one of the following statements best explains why the graph goes through the origin? A) The object was in a vacuum. B) The object was dropped from rest. C) The velocity of the object was constant. D) All v vs. t curves pass through the origin. E) The acceleration of the object was constant.

B) The object was dropped from rest.

5. The mass of a raindrop is 4 milligrams. Which one of the following statements indicates the correct mass of the raindrop in grams? A) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 106 grams. B) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10-3 grams. C) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10-1 grams. D) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 103 grams. E) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10-6grams.

B) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10-3 grams.

63. A rock is suspended from a string; and it accelerates downward. Which one of the following statements concerning the tension in the string is true? A) The tension points downward. B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is independent of the magnitude of the rock's acceleration.

B) The tension is less than the weight of the rock.

A tennis ball is thrown upward at an angle from point A. It follows a parabolic trajectory and hits the ground at point D. At the instant shown, the ball is at point B. Point C represents the highest position of the ball above the ground. 40. While in flight, how do the x and y components of the velocity vector of the ball compare at the points B and C? A) The velocity components are non-zero at B and zero at C. B) The x components are the same; the y component at C is zero m/s. C) The x components are the same; the y component has a larger magnitude at C than at B. D) The x component is larger at C than at B; the y component at B points up while at C, it points downward. E) The x component is larger at B than at C; the y component at B points down while at C, it points upward.

B) The x components are the same; the y component at C is zero m/s.

3. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard unit of mass is defined in terms of A) a specified volume of water at 4 °C. B) a standard platinum-iridium cylinder. C) a specified number of cesium atoms. D) a standard platinum bar. E) the speed of light.

B) a standard platinum-iridium cylinder.

33. Three vectors , , and add together to yield zero: + + = 0. The vectors and point in opposite directions and their magnitudes are related by the expression: A = 2C. Which one of the following conclusions is correct? A) and have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. B) and have equal magnitudes and point in the same direction. C) and have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. D) and point in the same direction, but has twice the magnitude of . E) and point in the same direction, but has twice the magnitude of .

B) and have equal magnitudes and point in the same direction.

3. Which one of the following terms is used to indicate the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line? A) velocity B) inertia C) acceleration D) equilibrium E) force

B) inertia

11. Which one of the following pairs of units may not be added together, even after the appropriate unit conversions have been made? A) grams and milligrams B) kilometers and kilograms C) miles and kilometers D) slugs and kilograms E) centimeters and yards

B) kilometers and kilograms

An object is moving along a straight line in the positive x direction. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 81. During which interval(s) did the object move in the negative x direction? A) only during interval B B) only during interval C C) only during interval D D) during both intervals C and D E) The object never moved in the negative x direction.

B) only during interval C

Two vectors, and , are added together to form the vector = + . The relationship between the magnitudes of these vectors is given by: Cx = 0 Cy = A sin 60° + B sin 30° Ax and Ay point in the positive x and y directions, respectively. 64. Which one of the following statements best describes the orientation of vectors and ? A) and point in opposite directions. B) points 60° above the positive x axis while points 30° above the negative x axis. C) points 60° above the negative x axis while points 30° above the positive x axis. D) points 60° below the positive x axis while points 30° above the positive y axis. E) points 60° below the positive x axis while points 30° below the positive y axis.

B) points 60° above the positive x axis while points 30° above the negative x axis.

An object starts from rest and accelerates uniformly in a straight line in the positive x direction. After 11 seconds, its speed is 70.0 m/s. 48. What is the average velocity of the object during the first 11 seconds? A) +3.6 m/s B) +6.4 m/s C) +35 m/s D) +72 m/s E) -140 m/s

C) +35 m/s

Two blocks rest on a horizontal frictionless surface as shown. The surface between the top and bottom blocks is roughened so that there is no slipping between the two blocks. A 30-N force is applied to the bottom block as suggested in the figure. 50. What is the minimum coefficient of static friction necessary to keep the top block from slipping on the bottom block? A) 0.05 B) 0.10 C) 0.20 D) 0.30 E) 0.40

C) 0.20

A book is resting on the surface of a table. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation: (1) the force of the earth pulling on the book (3) the force of the book pushing on the table (2) the force of the table pushing on the book (4) the force of the book pulling on the earth 25. Which two forces form an "action-reaction" pair that obeys Newton's third law? A) 1 and 2 B) 1 and 3 C) 1 and 4 D) 2 and 4 E) 3 and 4

C) 1 and 4

35. An arrow is shot horizontally from a height of 4.9 m above the ground. The initial speed of the arrow is 45 m/s. Neglecting friction, how long will it take the arrow to hit the ground? A) 9.2 s B) 6.0 s C) 1.0 s D) 1.4 s E) 4.6 s

C) 1.0 s

A man at point A directs his rowboat due north toward point B, straight across a river of width 100 m. The river current is due east. The man starts across, rowing steadily at 0.75 m/s and reaches the other side of the river at point C, 150 m downstream from his starting point. 60. What is the speed of the river? A) 0.38 m/s B) 0.67 m/s C) 1.1 m/s D) 6.7 m/s E) 7.5 m/s

C) 1.1 m/s

41. A train with a constant speed of 16 m/s passes through a town. After leaving the town, the train accelerates at 0.33 m/s2 until it reaches a speed of 35 m/s. How far did the train travel while it was accelerating? A) 0.029 km B) 0.53 km C) 1.5 km D) 2.3 km E) 3.0 km

C) 1.5 km

58. A ferry can travel at an optimal speed of 8 km/h in still water measured relative to the shore. What is the optimal speed of the ferry, relative to the shore, if it moves perpendicular to a 6 km/h current? A) 4 km/h B) 8 km/h C) 10 km/h D) 14 km/h E) 28 km/h

C) 10 km/h

71. A 20-kg crate is suspended from a fixed, horizontal beam by two vertical ropes. What is the approximate tension in each rope? A) 10 N B) 40 N C) 100 N D) 200 N E) 390 N

C) 100 N

6. Which one of the following is the longest length? A) 10^0 meters B) 10^2 centimeters C) 10^4 millimeters D) 10^5 micrometers E) 10^7 nanometers

C) 10^4 millimeters

27. A surveyor wants to find the distance across a river. A stake is placed on each bank of the river as shown in the figure. She measures a distance of 30.0 m from one stake to another on the same side of the river, thus finding the third vertex on a right triangle. She then measures the angle θ and finds it equal to 75.9°. What is the distance across the river? A) 89.2 m B) 15.3 m C) 119 m D) 268 m E) 29.0 m

C) 119 m

30. A projectile is fired horizontally with an initial speed of 57 m/s. What are the horizontal and vertical components of its displacement 3.0 s after it is fired? horizontal vertical A) 44 m -29 m B) 170 m zero m C) 170 m -44 m D) 210 m -44 m E) 210 m zero m

C) 170 m -44 m

A 70.0-kg astronaut pushes to the left on a spacecraft with a force in "gravity-free" space. The spacecraft has a total mass of 1.0 × 104 kg. During the push, the astronaut accelerates to the right with an acceleration of 0.36 m/s2. 28. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the spacecraft. A) 51.4 m/s2 B) 0.36 m/s2 C) 2.5 × 10-3 m/s2 D) 7.0 × 10-3 m/s2 E) 3.97 × 10-4 m/s

C) 2.5 × 10-3 m/s2

42. Town A lies 20 km north of town B. Town C lies 13 km west of town A. A small plane flies directly from town B to town C. What is the displacement of the plane? A) 33 km, 33° north of west B) 19 km, 33° north of west C) 24 km, 57° north of west D) 31 km, 57° north of west E) 6.6 km, 40° north of west

C) 24 km, 57° north of west

38. What is the weight of a 2.50-kg bag of sand on the surface of the earth? A) 2.50 N B) 9.80 N C) 24.5 N D) 49.0 N E) 98.0 N

C) 24.5 N

45. Four members of the Main Street Bicycle Club meet at a certain intersection on Main Street. The members then start from the same location, but travel in different directions. A short time later, displacement vectors for the four members are: = 2.0 km, east; = 5.2 km, north; = 4.9 km, west; = 3.0 km, south What is the resultant displacement of the members of the bicycle club: = + + + ? A) 0.8 km, south B) 0.4 km, 45° south of east C) 3.6 km, 37° north of west D) 4.0 km, east E) 4.0 km, south

C) 3.6 km, 37° north of west

54. A bug crawls 2.25 m along the base of a wall. Upon reaching a corner, the bug's direction of travel changes from south to west. The bug then crawls 3.15 m before stopping. What is the magnitude of the bug's displacement? A) 5.40 m B) 2.72 m C) 3.87 m D) 4.11 m E) 3.29 m

C) 3.87 m

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 26. What is the speed of the projectile when it is at the highest point in its trajectory? A) 0 m/s B) 20 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 40 m/s E) 50 m/s

C) 30 m/s

19. A physics student standing on the edge of a cliff throws a stone vertically downward with an initial speed of 10.0 m/s. The instant before the stone hits the ground below, it is traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s. If the physics student were to throw the rock horizontally outward from the cliff instead, with the same initial speed of 10.0 m/s, what is the magnitude of the velocity of the stone just before it hits the ground? A) 10.0 m/s B) 20.0 m/s C) 30.0 m/s D) 40.0 m/s E) The height of the cliff must be specified to answer this question.

C) 30.0 m/s

4. A car travels due east at 22 m/s. It makes a turn due south and continues to travel at 22 m/s. What is the change in velocity of the car? A) 22 m/s, due east B) 22 m/s, due south C) 31 m/s, 45° south of west D) 31 m/s, 45° south of east E) zero m/s

C) 31 m/s, 45° south of west

59. A vector has a magnitude of 40.0 units and points 35.0° above the positive x axis. A second vector has a magnitude of 65.0 units and points in the negative x direction. Use the component method of vector addition to find the magnitude and direction, relative to the positive x axis, of the resultant = + . A) 53.3 units, 141.8° relative to the +x axis B) 53.3 units, 52.1° relative to the +x axis C) 39.6 units, 125.4° relative to the +x axis D) 39.6 units, 54.6° relative to the +x axis E) 46.2 units, 136.0° relative to the +x axis

C) 39.6 units, 125.4° relative to the +x axis

An object starts from rest and accelerates uniformly in a straight line in the positive x direction. After 11 seconds, its speed is 70.0 m/s. 47. How far does the object travel during the first 11 seconds? A) 35 m B) 77 m C) 390 m D) 590 m E) 770 m

C) 390 m

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 25. Approximately how long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point in its trajectory? A) 1 s B) 2 s C) 4 s D) 8 s E) 16 s

C) 4 s

53. A ball is dropped from rest from a tower and strikes the ground 110 m below. Approximately how many seconds does it take the ball to strike the ground after being dropped? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.50 s B) 3.50 s C) 4,74 s D) 12.5 s E) 16.0 s

C) 4,74 s

43. A body initially at rest is accelerated at a constant rate for 5.0 seconds in the positive x direction. If the final speed of the body is 20.0 m/s, what was the body's acceleration? A) 0.25 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 C) 4.0 m/s2 D) 9.8 m/s2 E) 1.6 m/s2

C) 4.0 m/s2

A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 94. How long does it take the ball to reach its maximum height? A) 2.0 s B) 2.3 s C) 4.0 s D) 4.6 s E) 8.0 s

C) 4.0 s

A rock is kicked horizontally at a speed of 15 m/s from the edge of a cliff. The rock strikes the ground 65 m from the foot of the cliff of height H as suggested in the figure, which is not drawn to scale. Neglect air resistance. 47. How long is the rock in the air? A) 1.0 s B) 1.2 s C) 4.0 s D) 5.5 s E) 11.2 s

C) 4.0 s

22. A landing airplane makes contact with the runway with a speed of 75.0 m/s and moves toward the south. After 18.5 seconds, the airplane comes to rest. What is the average acceleration of the airplane during the landing? A) 2.11 m/s2, north B) 2.11 m/s2, south C) 4.05 m/s2, north D) 4.05 m/s2, south E) 14.3 m/s2, north

C) 4.05 m/s2, north

A automotive test driver travels due north in a prototype hybrid vehicle at 30 mi/h for 2 hours. She then reverses her direction and travels due south at 60 mi/h for 1 hour. 84. What is the average speed of the vehicle? A) zero mi/h B) 30 mi/h C) 40 mi/h D) 50 mi/h E) 60 mi/h

C) 40 mi/h

15. The Boston Marathon is the oldest annual foot race, in which those that finish complete a distance of 26 miles, 385 yards. Express this distance in kilometers. A) 16.295 km B) 16.398 km C) 42.186 km D) 42.453 km E) 56.496 km

C) 42.186 km

42. A 44-kg child steps onto a scale and the scale reads 430 N. What is the magnitude of the normal force acting on the child? A) 44 N B) 215 N C) 430 N D) 645 N E) 860 N

C) 430 N

65. On a two lane highway, a car is following a pickup truck. At one instant, the car has a speed of 32 m/s and is 184 m behind the truck. At the same time, the truck has a speed of 28 m/s. If neither vehicle accelerates, how long will it take the car to catch up to the truck? A) 4.8 s B) 24 s C) 46 s D) 82 s E) 96 s

C) 46 s

23. A pitcher delivers a fast ball with a velocity of 43 m/s to the south. The batter hits the ball and gives it a velocity of 51 m/s to the north. What was the average acceleration of the ball during the 1.0 ms when it was in contact with the bat? A) 4.3 × 104 m/s2, south B) 5.1 × 104 m/s2, north C) 9.4 × 104 m/s2, north D) 2.2 × 103 m/s2, south E) 7.0 × 103m/s2, north

C) 9.4 × 104 m/s2, north

24. A car is moving at a constant velocity when it is involved in a collision. The car comes to rest after 0.450 s with an average acceleration of 60.0 m/s2 in the direction opposite that of the car's velocity. What was the speed, in km/h, of the car before the collision? A) 29.2 km/h B) 44.8 km/h C) 97.2 km/h D) 105 km/h E) 144 km/h

C) 97.2 km/h

8. The graph shows the velocities of two objects of equal mass as a function of time. Net forces FA, FB, and FC acted on the objects during intervals A, B, and C, respectively. Which one of the following choices is the correct relationship between the magnitudes of the net forces? A) FB = FC > FA B) FC > FB > FA C) FA > FB = FC D) FA = FB = FC E) FA > FB > FC

C) FA > FB = FC

A 2.0-kg object moves in a straight line on a horizontal frictionless surface. The graph shows the velocity of the object as a function of time. The various equal time intervals are labeled using Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, and V. The net force on the object always acts along the line of motion of the object. 12. Which section(s) of the graph corresponds to a condition of zero net force? A) V only B) III only C) II and IV D) II, III, and IV E) I, III, and V

C) II and IV

A 2.0-kg object moves in a straight line on a horizontal frictionless surface. The graph shows the velocity of the object as a function of time. The various equal time intervals are labeled using Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, and V. The net force on the object always acts along the line of motion of the object. 13. Which section of the graph corresponds to the application of the largest constant net force? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

C) III

A racecar, traveling at constant speed, makes one lap around a circular track of radius r in a time t. Note: The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2πr. 19. Which one of the following statements concerning this car is true? A) The displacement of the car does not change with time. B) The instantaneous velocity of the car is constant. C) The average speed of the car is the same over any time interval. D) The average velocity of the car is the same over any time interval. E) The average speed of the car over any time interval is equal to the magnitude of the average velocity over the same time interval.

C) The average speed of the car is the same over any time interval.

82. A 10-kg block is pushed against a vertical wall by a horizontal force of 100 N as shown in the figure. The coefficient of static friction, μs, between the block and the wall is 0.60; and the coefficient of kinetic friction, μ k, is 0.40. Which one of the following statements is true, if the block is initially at rest? A) The total force exerted on the block by the wall is directed horizontally. B) The block slides down the wall with an acceleration of magnitude 3.8 m/s2. C) The block will slide down the wall because the force of static friction can be no larger than 60 N. D) The block will remain at rest because the coefficient of static friction is greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction. E) The block will slide down the wall because the coefficient of kinetic friction is less than the coefficient of static friction.

C) The block will slide down the wall because the force of static friction can be no larger than 60 N.

31. A spring-loaded gun is aimed horizontally and is used to launch identical balls with different initial speeds. The gun is at a fixed position above the floor. The balls are fired one at a time. If the speed of the second ball fired is twice the speed of the first ball fired, how is the horizontal range (denoted R in the figure) affected? A) The range for both balls will be the same. B) The range of the second ball will be half as much as that of the first ball. C) The range of the second ball will be twice as large as that of the first ball. D) The range of the second ball is about 1.4 times larger than that of the first ball. E) The range of the second ball will be smaller than that of the first ball by a factor of 1.4.

C) The range of the second ball will be twice as large as that of the first ball.

Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 4 m/s2. 86. Which statement accurately describes the motion of the particle? A) The particle travels 4 meters during each second. B) The particle travels 4 meters during the first second only. C) The speed of the particle increases by 4 m/s during each second. D) The acceleration of the particle increases by 4 m/s2 during each second. E) The final velocity of the particle will be proportional to the distance that the particle covers.

C) The speed of the particle increases by 4 m/s during each second

29. Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s2. Which one of the following statements accurately describes the motion of this particle? A) The particle travels 5.0 m during each second. B) The particle travels 5.0 m only during the first second. C) The speed of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s during each second. D) The acceleration of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s2 during each second. E) The final speed of the particle will be proportional to the distance that the particle covers.

C) The speed of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s during each second.

61. A rock is suspended from a string and moves downward at constant speed. Which statement is true concerning the tension in the string if air resistance is ignored? A) The tension is zero newtons. B) The tension points downward. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock

C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock.

33. Which one of the following statements concerning the two "gravitational constants" G, the universal gravitational constant, and g the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity is true? A) The values of g and G depend on location. B) The values of g and G do not depend on location. C) The value of G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of g is not. D) The value of g is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of G is not. E) The values of g and G are equal on the surface of any planet, but in general, G varies with location in the universe.

C) The value of G is the same everywhere in the universe, but the value of g is not.

During football practice, a football is kicked with a speed of 22 m/s at an angle of 60.0° relative to the positive x direction. At that instant, an observer rides past the football in a car that moves with a constant speed of 11 m/s in the positive x direction. 55. Complete the following statement: According to the observer in the car, the ball will A) follow a parabolic path. B) follow a hyperbolic path. C) follow a path that is straight up and down in the y direction. D) follow a path that is straight across in the +x direction. E) follow a straight line that is angled (less than 90°) with respect to the x direction.

C) follow a path that is straight up and down in the y direction.

66. A bicyclist is riding at a constant speed along a straight-line path. The rider throws a ball straight up to a height a few meters above her head. Ignoring air resistance, where will the ball land? A) behind the rider B) in front of the rider C) in the same hand that threw the ball D) in the opposite hand to the one that threw it E) This cannot be determined without knowing the speed of the rider and the maximum height of the ball.

C) in the same hand that threw the ball

60. Two vectors and , are added together to form the vector = + . The relationship between the magnitudes of these vectors is given by: Cx = A cos 30° + B and Cy = -A sin 30°. Which statement best describes the orientation of these vectors? A) points in the negative x direction while points in the positive y direction. B) points in the negative y direction while points in the positive x direction. C) points 30° below the positive x axis while points in the positive x direction. D) points 30° above the positive x axis while points in the positive x direction. E) points 30° above the negative x axis while points in the positive x direction.

C) points 30° below the positive x axis while points in the positive x direction.

1. A particle travels along a curved path between two points P and Q as shown. The displacement of the particle does not depend on A) the location of P. B) the location of Q. C) the distance traveled from P to Q. D) the shortest distance between P and Q. E) the direction of Q from P.

C) the distance traveled from P to Q.

29. Which one of the following quantities is a vector quantity? A) the age of the earth B) the mass of a freight train C) the earth's pull on your body D) the temperature of an iced coffee E) the number of people attending a soccer game

C) the earth's pull on your body

18. An apple crate with a weight of 225 N accelerates along a frictionless surface as the crate is pulled with a force of 14.5 N as shown in the drawing. What is the horizontal acceleration of the crate? A) 1.40 m/s2 B) 0.427 m/s2 C) 1.29 m/s2 D) 0.597 m/s2 E) 0.644 m/s2

D) 0.597 m/s2

7. A GPS tracking device is placed in a police dog to monitor its whereabouts relative to the police station. At time t1 = 23 min, the dog's displacement from the station is 1.2 km, 33° north of east. At time t2 = 57 min, the dog's displacement from the station is 2.0 km, 75° north of east. Find the magnitude and direction of the dog's average velocity between these two times. A) 0.52 m/s, 88° north of east B) 1.4 m/s, 31° west of north C) 1.6 m/s, 42° north of east D) 0.67 m/s, 21° west of north E) 0.80 m/s, 42° west of north

D) 0.67 m/s, 21° west of north

16. The surface of a lake has an area of 15.5 km2. What is the area of the lake in m2? A) 1.55 × 104 m2 B) 1.55 × 105 m2 C) 1.55 × 106 m2 D) 1.55 × 107 m2 E) 1.55 × 108m2

D) 1.55 × 10^7 m^2

14. In the sport of horseshoe pitching, two stakes are 40.0 feet apart. What is the distance in meters between the two stakes? A) 24.4 m B) 4.80 m C) 18.3 m D) 12.2 m E) 15.7 m

D) 12.2 m

A projectile is fired horizontally with an initial speed of 50.0 m/s. Neglect air resistance. 49. What is the magnitude of the displacement of the projectile 3.00 s after it is fired? A) 29.4 m B) 44.1 m C) 150 m D) 156 m E) 194 m

D) 156 m

25. A pole is held vertically by attaching wires at a height of 13.4 m above the ground. The other end of each wire is anchored in the ground at a distance of 9.54 m from the base of the pole. The pole makes a right angle with the ground. What is the length of each wire? A) 14.1 m B) 19.7 m C) 11.5 m D) 16.4 m E) 22.8 m

D) 16.4 m

10. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 8.0 m2? A) 8.0 × 10-4 cm2 B) 8.0 × 102 cm2 C) 8.0 × 10-2 cm2 D) 8.0 × 104 cm2 E) 8.0 × 103 cm2

D) 8.0 × 104 cm2

A physics student in a hot air balloon ascends vertically at constant speed. Consider the following four forces present in this situation: 1 = the weight of the hot air balloon 3 = the force of the student pulling on the earth 2 = the weight of the student 4 = the force of the hot air balloon pulling on the student 24. Which one of the following relationships concerning the forces or their magnitudes is true? A) F4 > F2 B) F1 < F2 C) F4 > F1 D) 2 = -4 E) 3 = -4

D) 2 = -4

13. At time t = 0 s, a puck is sliding on a horizontal table with a velocity 3.60 m/s, 35.0° above the +x axis. As the puck slides, a constant acceleration acts on it that has the following components: ax = -0.360 m/s2 and ay = -0.980 m/s2. What is the velocity of the puck at time t = 1.50 s? A) 1.83 m/s, 12.0° above the +x axis B) 2.04 m/s, 21.2° above the +x axis C) 1.06 m/s, 11.7° above the +x axis D) 2.48 m/s, 13.9° above the +x axis E) 1.38 m/s, 15.2° above the +x axis

D) 2.48 m/s, 13.9° above the +x axis

46. A force, , of magnitude 2.0 N and directed due east is exerted on an object. A second force exerted on the object is = 2.0 N, due north. What is the magnitude and direction of a third force, , which must be exerted on the object so that the resultant force is zero? A) 1.4 N, 45° north of east B) 1.4 N, 45° south of west C) 2.8 N, 45° north of east D) 2.8 N, 45° south of west E) 4.0 N, 45° east of north

D) 2.8 N, 45° south of west

Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 4 m/s2. 87. After 10 seconds, how far will the particle have traveled? A) 20 m B) 40 m C) 100 m D) 200 m E) 400 m

D) 200 m

A rock, dropped from rest near the surface of an atmosphere-free planet, attains a speed of 20.0 m/s after falling 8.0 meters. 89. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this planet? A) 0.40 m/s2 B) 1.3 m/s2 C) 2.5 m/s2 D) 25 m/s2 E) 160 m/s2

D) 25 m/s2

62. Two cars A and B approach each other at an intersection. Car A is traveling south at 20 m/s, while car B is traveling east at 17 m/s. What is the velocity of car A as described by the passengers in car B? A) 37 m/s, eastward B) 26 m/s, 40° south of east C) 26 m/s, 50° south of east D) 26 m/s, 50° south of west E) 26 m/s, 40° south of west

D) 26 m/s, 50° south of west

A system of two cables supports a 150-N ball as shown. 78. What is the tension in the horizontal cable? A) 87 N B) 150 N C) 170 N D) 260 N E) 300 N

D) 260 N

A block is pulled along a rough level surface at constant speed by the force . The figure shows the free-body diagram for the block. represents the normal force on the block; and represents the force of kinetic friction 53. If the coefficient of kinetic friction, , between the block and the surface is 0.30 and the magnitude of the frictional force is 80.0 N, what is the weight of the block? A) 1.6 N B) 4.0 N C) 160 N D) 270 N E) 410 N

D) 270 N

A horse pulls a cart along a flat road. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation. (1) the force of the horse pulling on the cart (3) the force of the horse pushing on the road (2) the force of the cart pulling on the horse (4) the force of the road pushing on the horse 21. Which two forces form an "action-reaction" pair that obeys Newton's third law? A) 1 and 4 B) 1 and 3 C) 2 and 4 D) 3 and 4 E) 2 and 3

D) 3 and 4

A football is kicked with a speed of 18 m/s at an angle of 65° to the horizontal. 45. How long is the football in the air? Neglect air resistance. A) 1.1 s B) 1.6 s C) 2.0 s D) 3.3 s E) 4.0 s

D) 3.3 s

8. A satellite is placed in a circular orbit to observe the surface of Mars from an altitude of 144 km. The equatorial radius of Mars is 3397 km. If the speed of the satellite is 3480 m/s, what is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the satellite? A) 2.17 m/s2 B) 2.60 m/s2 C) 2.99 m/s2 D) 3.42 m/s2 E) 4.05 m/s2

D) 3.42 m/s2

The table gives the x and y components of two vectors and : Vector x component +15 units +15 units y component +10 units -10 units 67. Determine the magnitude of the vector sum, + . A) 5 units B) 15 units C) 20 units D) 30 units E) 50 units

D) 30 units

53. A tennis ball is thrown vertically with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. Approximately, what is the initial speed of the ball relative to an observer in a car that moves horizontally past the launch location with a constant speed of 30 m/s? A) 10 m/s B) 20 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 36 m/s E) 50 m/s

D) 36 m/s

56. A rock is dropped from rest from a height h above the ground. It falls and hits the ground with a speed of 11 m/s. From what height should the rock be dropped so that its speed on hitting the ground is 22 m/s? Neglect air resistance. A) 1.4h B) 2.0h C) 3.0h D) 4.0h E) 0.71h

D) 4.0h

2. The second hand on a watch has a length of 4.50 mm and makes one revolution in 60.00 s. What is the speed of the end of the second hand as it moves in uniform circular motion? A) 9.42 × 10-4 m/s B) 2.67 × 10-3 m/s C) 5.34 × 10-3 m/s D) 4.71 × 10-4 m/s E) 2.36 × 10-5 m/s

D) 4.71 × 10-4 m/s

29. A quarterback throws a pass at an angle of 35° above the horizontal with an initial speed of 25 m/s. The ball is caught by the receiver 2.55 seconds later. Determine the distance the ball was thrown. A) 13 m B) 18 m C) 36 m D) 52 m E) 72 m

D) 52 m

11. A bus leaves New York City, takes a non-direct route and arrives in St. Louis, Missouri 23 hours, 16 minutes later. If the distance between the two cities is 1250 km, what is the magnitude of the bus' average velocity? A) 37.2 km/h B) 41.4 km/h C) 46.0 km/h D) 53.7 km/h E) 58.1 km/h

D) 53.7 km/h

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 24. At what angle is the projectile fired (measured with respect to the horizontal)? A) 37° B) 40° C) 45° D) 53° E) 60°

D) 53°

22. The length of each side of a square is 4.8 m. What is the length of the diagonal of the square (shown as a dashed line in the figure)? A) 2.8 m B) 8.0 m C) 5.7 m D) 6.8 m E) 16 m

D) 6.8 m

57. Use the component method of vector addition to find the resultant of the following three vectors: = 56 km, east = 11 km, 22° south of east = 88 km, 44° west of south A) 81 km, 14° west of south B) 97 km, 62° south of east C) 52 km, 66° south of east D) 68 km, 86° south of east E) 66 km, 7.1° west of south

D) 68 km, 86° south of east

44. A race car has a speed of 80 m/s when the driver releases a drag parachute. If the parachute causes a deceleration of -4 m/s2, how far will the car travel before it stops? A) 20 m B) 200 m C) 400 m D) 800 m E) 1000 m

D) 800 m

39. Two displacement vectors of magnitudes 21 cm and 79 cm are added. Which one of the following is the only possible choice for the magnitude of the resultant? A) 0 cm B) 28 cm C) 37 cm D) 82 cm E) 114 cm

D) 82 cm

51. A displacement vector is 23 km in length and directed 65° south of east. What are the components of this vector? Eastward Component Southward Component A) 21 km 9.7 km B) 23 km 23 km C) 23 km 0 km D) 9.7 km 21 km E) 0 km 23 km

D) 9.7 km 21 km

50. Which one of the following statements concerning vectors and scalars is false? A) In calculations, the vector components of a vector may be used in place of the vector itself. B) It is possible to use vector components that are not perpendicular. C) A scalar component may be either positive or negative. D) A vector that is zero may have components other than zero. E) Two vectors are equal only if they have the same magnitude and direction

D) A vector that is zero may have components other than zero.

49. Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At the same instant, ball B is thrown downward; and ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement concerning the balls after their release is necessarily true if air resistance is neglected? A) At some instant after it is thrown, the acceleration of ball C is zero. B) All three balls strike the ground at the same time. C) All three balls have the same velocity at any instant. D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant. E) All three balls reach the ground with the same velocity.

D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant

An object is moving along a straight line in the positive x direction. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 79. Which segment(s) of the graph represent(s) a constant velocity of +1.0 m/s? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) A and C

D) D

A block of mass M is held motionless on a frictionless inclined plane by means of a string attached to a vertical wall as shown in the drawing. 72. What is the magnitude of the tension in the string? A) zero newtons B) Mg C) Mg cos θ D) Mg sin θ E) Mg tan θ

D) Mg sin θ

6. A rock is whirled on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius R with a constant period T. If the radius of the circle is reduced to R/3, while the period remains T, what happens to the centripetal acceleration of the rock? A) The centripetal acceleration remains the same. B) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 3. C) The centripetal acceleration increases by a factor of 9. D) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 3. E) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 9.

D) The centripetal acceleration decreases by a factor of 3.

A force pulls on a crate of mass m that is in contact with a rough surface. The figure shows the magnitudes and directions of the forces that act on the crate in this situation. represents the weight of the crate. represents the normal force on the crate, and represents the frictional force. 43. Which statement best describes the motion of the crate? A) The crate must be at rest. B) The crate must be moving with constant velocity. C) The crate must be moving with constant acceleration. D) The crate may be either at rest or moving with constant velocity. E) The crate may be either at rest or moving with constant acceleration.

D) The crate may be either at rest or moving with constant velocity.

35. An object moving along a straight line is decelerating. Which one of the following statements concerning the object's acceleration is necessarily true? A) The value of the acceleration is positive. B) The direction of the acceleration is in the same direction as the displacement. C) An object that is decelerating has a negative acceleration. D) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity. E) The acceleration changes as the object moves along the line.

D) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity.

16. An object moves due east at constant speed. A net force directed due north then acts on the object for 5.0 s. At the end of the 5.0-second period, the net force drops to zero newtons. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) The object will be moving eastward when the force drops to zero newtons. B) The change in the velocity of the object is directed north of west. C) The direction of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially moving. D) The final velocity of the object is directed north of east. E) The magnitude of the object's acceleration depends on how fast the object was initially moving.

D) The final velocity of the object is directed north of east

34. Two satellites of different masses are in the same circular orbit around the earth. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the magnitude of the gravitational force that acts on each of them? A) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for both satellites. B) The magnitude of the gravitational force is the same for both satellites, but not zero newtons. C) The magnitude of the gravitational force is zero newtons for one, but not for the other. D) The magnitude of the gravitational force depends on their masses. E) The magnitude of the gravitational force varies from point to point in their orbits.

D) The magnitude of the gravitational force depends on their masses.

66. Starting from rest, a particle that is confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s2. Which statement concerning the slope of the position versus time graph for this particle is true? A) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s. B) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s2. C) The slope is both constant and negative. D) The slope is not constant and increases with increasing time. E) The slope is not constant and decreases with increasing time.

D) The slope is not constant and increases with increasing time.

62. A rock is suspended from a string; and it moves downward at constant speed. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the tension in the string if air resistance is not ignored? A) The tension is zero newtons. B) The tension points downward. C) The tension is equal to the weight of the rock. D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock. E) The tension is greater than the weight of the rock.

D) The tension is less than the weight of the rock.

18. A baseball is hit upward and travels along a parabolic arc before it strikes the ground. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? A) The acceleration of the ball decreases as the ball moves upward. B) The velocity of the ball is zero m/s when the ball is at the highest point in the arc. C) The acceleration of the ball is zero m/s2 when the ball is at the highest point in the arc. D) The x-component of the velocity of the ball is the same throughout the ball's flight. E) The velocity of the ball is a maximum when the ball is at the highest point in the arc

D) The x-component of the velocity of the ball is the same throughout the ball's flight.

28. Which one of the following choices is a vector quantity? A) mass B) temperature C) time D) displacement E) volume

D) displacement

A block of mass M is held motionless on a frictionless inclined plane by means of a string attached to a vertical wall as shown in the drawing. 73. If the string breaks, what is the magnitude of the acceleration of the block as it slides down the inclined plane? A) zero m/s2 B) g C) g cos θ D) g sin θ E) g tan θ

D) g sin θ

A block is pulled along a rough level surface at constant speed by the force . The figure shows the free-body diagram for the block. represents the normal force on the block; and represents the force of kinetic friction. 52. What is the magnitude of ? A) 2mg B) P C) f D) mg E) This cannot be determined from the information given.

D) mg

39. A bullet is aimed at a target on the wall a distance L away from the firing position. Because of gravity, the bullet strikes the wall a distance Δy below the mark as suggested in the figure. Note: The drawing is not to scale. If the distance L was half as large and the bullet had the same initial velocity, how would Δy be affected? A) Δy will double. B) Δy will be half as large. C) Δy will be four times larger. D) Δy will be one fourth as large. E) Δy is not possible to determine unless numerical values are given for the distances.

D) Δy will be one fourth as large.

68. A ball is fired at an angle of 45°, the angle that yields the maximum range in the absence of air resistance. What is the ratio of the ball's maximum height to its range? A) 1.0 B) 0.75 C) 0.67 D) 0.50 E) 0.25

E) 0.25

43. A runaway dog walks 0.64 km due north. He then runs due west to a hot dog stand. If the magnitude of the dog's total displacement vector is 0.91 km, what is the magnitude of the dog's displacement vector in the due west direction? A) 0.27 km B) 0.33 km C) 0.41 km D) 0.52 km E) 0.65 km

E) 0.65 km

45. A 8-kg block is set moving with an initial speed of 6 m/s on a rough horizontal surface. If the force of friction is 12 N, approximately how far does the block travel before it stops? A) 1.5 m B) 3 m C) 6 m D) 9 m E) 12 m

E) 12 m

Two cars approach each other on a straight and level road. Car A is traveling at 75 km/h, due north and car B is traveling at 45 km/h, due south. Both velocities are measured relative to the ground. 56. What is the velocity of car A relative to an observer in car B? A) 75 km/h, north B) 30 km/h, north C) 30 km/h, south D) 120 km/h, south E) 120 km/h, north

E) 120 km/h, north

2. A toolbox is carried from the base of a ladder at point A as shown in the figure. The toolbox comes to a rest on a scaffold 5.0 m above the ground. What is the magnitude of the displacement of the toolbox in its movement from point A to point B? A) 15 m B) 19 m C) 8.1 m D) 11 m E) 13 m

E) 13 m

36. A cannonball at ground level is aimed 30.0° above the horizontal and is fired with an initial speed of 125 m/s. How far away from the cannon will the cannonball hit the ground? A) 125 m B) 138 m C) 695 m D) 1040 m E) 1380 m

E) 1380 m

A boat radioed a distress call to a Coast Guard station. At the time of the call, a vector A from the station to the boat had a magnitude of 45.0 km and was directed 15.0° east of north. A vector from the station to the point where the boat was later found is = 30.0 km, 15.0° north of east. 69. What are the components of the vector from the point where the distress call was made to the point where the boat was found? In other words, what are the components of vector = - ? x component y component A) 35.7 km, west 17.4 km, north B) 40.6 km, east 51.2 km, south C) 17.3 km, west 51.2 km, south D) 40.6 km, east 35.7 km, north E) 17.3 km, east 35.7 km, south

E) 17.3 km, east 35.7 km, south

64. Airplane One flies due east at 250 km/h relative to the ground. At the same time, Airplane Two flies 325 km/h, 35° north of east relative to the ground. What is the velocity of Airplane One relative to Airplane Two? A) 16 km/h, due west B) 270 km/h, due north C) 210 km/h, 55° south of east D) 170 km/h, 15° north of east E) 190 km/h, 85° south of west

E) 190 km/h, 85° south of west

39. The minimum takeoff speed for a certain airplane is 75 m/s. What minimum acceleration is required if the plane must leave a runway of length 1050 m? Assume the plane starts from rest at one end of the runway. A) 1.5 m/s2 B) 3.0 m/s2 C) 4.5 m/s2 D) 6.0 m/s2 E) 2.7 m/s2

E) 2.7 m/s2

12. Alexa's hair grows with an average speed of 3.5 × 10-9 m/s. How long does it take her hair to grow 0.30 m? Note: 1 yr = 3.156 × 107 s. A) 1.9 yr B) 1.3 yr C) 0.37 yr D) 5.4 yr E) 2.7 yr

E) 2.7 yr

42. A cheetah is walking at a speed of 1.15 m/s when it observes a gazelle 43.0 m directly ahead. If the cheetah accelerates at 9.25 m/s2, how long does it take the cheetah to reach the gazelle if the gazelle doesn't move? A) 4.29 s B) 3.67 s C) 3.05 s D) 1.94 s E) 2.93 s

E) 2.93 s

A shell is fired with a horizontal velocity in the positive x direction from the top of an 80-m high cliff. The shell strikes the ground 1330 m from the base of the cliff. The drawing is not to scale. 32. Determine the initial speed of the shell. A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 82 m/s D) 170 m/s E) 330 m/s

E) 330 m/s

A shell is fired with a horizontal velocity in the positive x direction from the top of an 80-m high cliff. The shell strikes the ground 1330 m from the base of the cliff. The drawing is not to scale. 33. What is the magnitude of the velocity of the shell as it hits the ground? A) 4.0 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 82 m/s D) 170 m/s E) 330 m/s

E) 330 m/s

47. A 250-N force is directed horizontally as shown to push a 29-kg box up an inclined plane at a constant speed. Determine the magnitude of the normal force, FN, and the coefficient of kinetic friction, µk. FN µk A) 330 N 0.31 B) 310 N 0.33 C) 250 N 0.27 D) 290 N 0.30 E) 370 N 0.26

E) 370 N 0.26

52. A motorcycle has a velocity of 24 m/s, due south as it passes a car with a velocity of 15 m/s, due north. What is the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the motorcycle as seen by the driver of the car? A) 9 m/s, north B) 9 m/s, south C) 15 m/s, north D) 39 m/s, north E) 39 m/s, south

E) 39 m/s, south

57. A hammer is accidentally dropped from rest down a vertical mine shaft. How long does it take for the rock to reach a depth of 79 m? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.8 s B) 9.0 s C) 8.0 s D) 4.9 s E) 4.0 s

E) 4.0 s

17. Two forces act on a 16-kg object. The first force has a magnitude of 68 N and is directed 24° north of east. The second force is 32 N, 48° north of west. What is the acceleration of the object resulting from the application of these two forces to the object? A) 1.6 m/s2, 5.5° north of east B) 1.9 m/s2, 18° north of west C) 2.4 m/s2, 34° north of east D) 3.6 m/s2, 5.5° north of west E) 4.1 m/s2, 52° north of east

E) 4.1 m/s2, 52° north of east

3. A delivery truck leaves a warehouse and travels 2.60 km north. The truck makes a left turn and travels 1.25 km west before making another right turn to travel 1.40 km north to arrive at its destination. What is the magnitude and direction of the truck's displacement from the warehouse? A) 4.00 km, 18.2° north of west B) 5.25 km, 59.8° north of west C) 6.33 km, 70.2° north of west D) 3.40 km, 55.0° north of west E) 4.19 km, 72.6° north of west

E) 4.19 km, 72.6° north of west

A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 95. How high does the ball rise? A) 70.0 m B) 10.0 m C) 50.0 m D) 20.0 m E) 40.0 m

E) 40.0 m

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's position from the starting point as a function of time. 74. At which time or times does the object reverse its direction of motion? A) 1 s and 2 s B) 2 s and 5 s C) 1 s D) 2 s E) 5 s

E) 5 s

One of the world's largest Ferris wheels, the Cosmo Clock 21 with a radius of 50.0 m is located in Yokohama City, Japan. Each of the sixty gondolas on the wheel takes 1.00 minute to complete one revolution when it is running at full speed. Note: Ignore gravitational effects. 9. What is the uniform speed of a gondola when the Ferris wheel is running at full speed? A) 314 m/s B) 1.67 m/s C) 10.5 m/s D) 18.6 m/s E) 5.24 m/s

E) 5.24 m/s

A projectile fired from a gun has initial horizontal and vertical components of velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively. 28. What is the magnitude of the projectile's velocity just before it strikes the ground? A) zero m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 40 m/s E) 50 m/s

E) 50 m/s

65. In a tug-of-war, each man on a 5-man team pulls with an average force of 500 N. What is the tension in the center of the rope? A) zero newtons B) 100 N C) 500 N D) 2500 N E) 5000 N

E) 5000 N

9. A Canadian goose flew 845 km from Southern California to Oregon with an average speed of 28.0 m/s. How long, in hours, did it take the goose to make this journey? A) 27.7 h B) 8.33 h C) 66.1 h D) 7.70 h E) 8.38 h

E) 8.38 h

23. Three sticks are arranged to form a right triangle. If the lengths of the three sticks are 0.47 m, 0.62 m and 0.78 m, what are the three angles of the triangle? A) 90°, 45°, and 45° B) 90°, 62°, and 28° C) 90°, 59°, and 31° D) 90°, 48°, and 42° E) 90°, 53°, and 37°

E) 90°, 53°, and 37°

86. A 71-kg man stands on a bathroom scale in an elevator. What does the scale read if the elevator is ascending with an acceleration of 3.0 m/s2? A) 140 N B) 480 N C) 690 N D) 830 N E) 910 N

E) 910 N

An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's position from the starting point as a function of time. 71. In which segment(s) of the graph does the object's average velocity (measured from t = 0 s) decrease with time? A) AB only B) BC only C) DE only D) AB and CD E) BC and DE

E) BC and DE

33. Two cars travel along a level highway. It is observed that the distance between the cars is increasing. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of each car is increasing. B) At least one of the cars has a non-zero acceleration. C) The leading car has the greater acceleration. D) The trailing car has the smaller acceleration. E) Both cars could be accelerating at the same rate.

E) Both cars could be accelerating at the same rate.

40. A marble is dropped straight down from a distance h above the floor. Let Fm = the magnitude of the gravitational force on the marble due to the earth; Fe = the magnitude of the gravitational force on the earth due to the marble; am = the magnitude of the acceleration of the marble toward the earth; ae = the magnitude of the acceleration of the earth toward the marble. Which set of conditions is true as the marble falls toward the earth? Neglect any effects of air resistance. A) Fm = Fe and am < ae B) Fm < Fe and am > ae C) Fm < Fe and am = ae D) Fm > Fe and am = ae E) Fm = Fe and am > ae

E) Fm = Fe and am > ae

A 2.0-kg object moves in a straight line on a horizontal frictionless surface. The graph shows the velocity of the object as a function of time. The various equal time intervals are labeled using Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, and V. The net force on the object always acts along the line of motion of the object. 15. In which section(s) of the graph is the net force changing? A) I and III B) II and IV C) III D) IV E) I and V

E) I and V

37. A physics student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 8.0 km and 6.0 km. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the magnitude of the resultant displacement? A) It must be 10.0 km. B) It must be 14.0 km. C) It could be equal to zero kilometers, depending on how the vectors are oriented. D) No conclusion can be reached without knowing the directions of the vectors. E) It could have any value between 2.0 km and 14.0 km depending on how the vectors are oriented.

E) It could have any value between 2.0 km and 14.0 km depending on how the vectors are oriented

A tennis ball is thrown upward at an angle from point A. It follows a parabolic trajectory and hits the ground at point D. At the instant shown, the ball is at point B. Point C represents the highest position of the ball above the ground. 43. At which point is the velocity vector changing most rapidly with time? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) It is changing at the same rate at all four points.

E) It is changing at the same rate at all four points.

30. Which one of the following statements is true concerning scalar quantities? A) Scalar quantities must be represented by base units. B) Scalar quantities have both magnitude and direction. C) Scalar quantities can be added to vector quantities using rules of trigonometry. D) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of trigonometry. E) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of ordinary addition.

E) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of ordinary addition.

4. A car travels in a straight line covering a total distance of 90.0 miles in 60.0 minutes. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of the car is constant. B) The acceleration of the car must be non-zero. C) The first 45 miles must have been covered in 30.0 minutes. D) The speed of the car must be 90.0 miles per hour throughout the entire trip. E) The average velocity of the car is 90.0 miles per hour in the direction of motion.

E) The average velocity of the car is 90.0 miles per hour in the direction of motion.

57. Suppose that the block now moves across the surface with constant speed under the action of a horizontal 3.0-N force. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is false? A) The block is not accelerated. B) The net force on the block is zero newtons. C) The frictional force on the block has magnitude 3.0 N. D) The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.30. E) The direction of the total force that the surface exerts on the block is vertically upward.

E) The direction of the total force that the surface exerts on the block is vertically upward.

88. A man stands on a spring scale in a moving elevator and notices that the scale reading is 20% larger than when he weighs himself in his bathroom. Which statement can not be true? A) The tension in the supporting cable must exceed the weight of the elevator and its contents. B) The speed of the elevator changes by equal amounts in equal times. C) The elevator could be moving upward with increasing speed. D) The elevator could be moving downward with decreasing speed. E) The elevator could be moving upward at constant speed

E) The elevator could be moving upward at constant speed

54. Two identical blocks are pulled along a rough surface as suggested in the figure. Which one of the following statements is false? A) The coefficient of kinetic friction is the same in each case. B) A force of the same magnitude is needed to keep each block moving. C) A force of the same magnitude was required to start each block moving. D) The normal force exerted on the blocks by the surface is the same for both blocks. E) The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction is greater for the block on the right.

E) The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction is greater for the block on the right.

7. The figure shows the velocity versus time curve for a car traveling along a straight line. Which of the following statements is false? A) No net force acts on the car during interval B. B) Net forces act on the car during intervals A and C. C) Opposing forces may be acting on the car during interval B. D) Opposing forces may be acting on the car during interval C. E) The magnitude of the net force acting during interval A is less than that during C.

E) The magnitude of the net force acting during interval A is less than that during C.

A tennis ball is thrown upward at an angle from point A. It follows a parabolic trajectory and hits the ground at point D. At the instant shown, the ball is at point B. Point C represents the highest position of the ball above the ground. 41. While in flight, how do the x and y components of the velocity vector of the ball compare at the points A and D? A) The velocity components are non-zero at A and are zero m/s at D. B) The velocity components are the same in magnitude and direction at both points. C) The velocity components have the same magnitudes at both points, but their directions are reversed. D) The velocity components have the same magnitudes at both points, but the directions of the x components are reversed. E) The velocity components have the same magnitudes at both points, but the directions of the y components are reversed.

E) The velocity components have the same magnitudes at both points, but the directions of the y components are reversed.

A 70.0-kg astronaut pushes to the left on a spacecraft with a force in "gravity-free" space. The spacecraft has a total mass of 1.0 × 104 kg. During the push, the astronaut accelerates to the right with an acceleration of 0.36 m/s2. 27. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? A) The spacecraft does not move, but the astronaut moves to the right with a constant speed. B) The astronaut stops moving after he stops pushing on the spacecraft. C) The force exerted on the astronaut is larger than the force exerted on the spacecraft. D) The force exerted on the spacecraft is larger than the force exerted on the astronaut. E) The velocity of the astronaut increases while he is pushing on the spacecraft.

E) The velocity of the astronaut increases while he is pushing on the spacecraft.

5. A ball is whirled on the end of a string in a horizontal circle of radius R at constant speed v. Complete the following statement: The centripetal acceleration of the ball can be increased by a factor of 4 by A) keeping the speed fixed and increasing the radius by a factor of 4. B) keeping the radius fixed and increasing the speed by a factor of 4. C) keeping the radius fixed and increasing the period by a factor of 4. D) keeping the radius fixed and decreasing the period by a factor of 4. E) keeping the speed fixed and decreasing the radius by a factor of 4.

E) keeping the speed fixed and decreasing the radius by a factor of 4.

67. A 4-kg block is connected by means of a massless rope to a 2-kg block as shown in the figure. Complete the following statement: If the 4-kg block is to begin sliding, the coefficient of static friction between the 4-kg block and the surface must be A) less than zero. B) greater than 2. C) greater than 1, but less than 2. D) greater than 0.5, but less than 1. E) less than 0.5, but greater than zero

E) less than 0.5, but greater than zero

A block of mass M is held motionless on a frictionless inclined plane by means of a string attached to a vertical wall as shown in the drawing 74. Assume the plane is not frictionless and the string breaks, what minimum value of the coefficient of static friction, μs, would prevent the block from sliding down the inclined plane? A) zero B) 1 C) cos θ D) sin θ E) tan θ

E) tan θ

2. Complete the following statement: The term net force most accurately describes A) the mass of an object B) the inertia of an object. C) the quantity that causes a displacement. D) the quantity that keeps an object moving. E) the quantity that changes the velocity of an object.

E) the quantity that changes the velocity of an object.

2. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard meter is defined in terms of A) the distance from the earth's equator to the north pole. B) the wavelength of light emitted from a krypton atom. C) the wavelength of light emitted from a sodium atom. D) a platinum-iridium bar kept in France. E) the speed of light.

E) the speed of light.

An object is moving along a straight line in the positive x direction. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 80. What was the instantaneous velocity of the object at the end of the eighth second? A) +7.5 m/s B) +0.94 m/s C) -0.94 m/s D) +1.1 m/s E) zero m/s

E) zero m/s

A racecar, traveling at constant speed, makes one lap around a circular track of radius r in a time t. Note: The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2πr. 18. Determine the magnitude of the average velocity of the car for one complete lap. A) B) C) D) E) zero meters/second

E) zero meters/second