Com Ch. 1
Frame Analysis
using social cues or frames to understand our role in a given situation or context
Generalized other
your sense of how others see you
Representational Communication
conveying the facts or information objectively
Upshift (in frame analysis)
framing a situation as less serious, more open to personal expression
Downshift (in frame analysis)
framing a situation as more serious, less open to personal expression
Socialization
how we learn things; we are taught / we observe others doing certain things
Social Objects
in symbolic interaction, any objects in which people can refer
Significant other
influential people in the different situations in which you find yourself
Social Cue (in frame analysis)
information in an interaction, allowing the fine-tuning of presentations of self
Bounded / Co-Cultures
smaller cultures that exist within the mainstream culture
Palo Alto Team
"You cannot not communicate" -- communication is continuous
Communication is power because...
-It makes us human as our primary means of social interaction -Allows for the exchange of info -Helps us build and maintain relationships -Gives us power to influence or persuade others
Dimensions of Communication
1) Level of observation (how broad/ restrictive, types, through what mediums) 2) Intentionality 3) Judgement (successfullness)
Interactional Model
A more expansive version of the linear model Senders and receivers are "interpreters"-- both encode and decode messages simultaneously according to individual experiences Both negotiate meaning Represents the transmissional view of communication
Culture
A world made meaningful; socially constructed and maintained through communication. It can limit, liberate, unite, or divide us.
Perception
Being aware of and creating meaning from the world around us
Through communication our realities are:
CREATED RECREATED UNDERSTOOD
Language
Important to communication; separates us from other species, and is a major aspect of documenting knowledge
Symbolic Interaction
People give meanings to symbols and then behave according to those meanings.
Noise
Physical: actual noise Semantic: linguistic influences on the message Psychological: cognitive influences on the message Physiological: biological influences on the message
Ogden and Richard's Triangle of Meaning
Referent (United States) Symbol (eagle) Reference (majestic bravery)
Signs vs. Symbols
Signs are meant to be literal, symbols can have multiple interpretations.
Transactional Model
The most complex and contemporary model; the process changes communicators -- constitutive view because something now exists that did not exist prior to communication
Linear Model
The oldest, most simplified model Source -> Message (Medium) -> Receiver Considers feedback (a response to a message) and noise
Looking Glass Self Theory
The self is accomplished by seeing ourselves as others see us. There are 6 selves: You, the other, what you think of the other, what the other thinks of you, what you think the other thinks of you, what the other thinks you think of him or her.
Stereotype
a generalization about people, places, or things
Frames
a specific set of expectations we use to make sense of the specific social situation we may find ourselves in at the time
Communication
is about shared meaning making, a critical component to how we develop as human beings. It allows us to construct and control our environments.
Ritual View of Communication
links communication to community, fellowship, and the representations of shared beliefs within a society (i.e. holidays)
Hyper-ritualized representations (in frame analysis)
media portrayals that cannot represent all the nuances of a phenomenon
Schema
processing info quickly; automatic reaction; can lead to stereotypes and biases; a mental structure built from past experiences that we use to process new information and new experiences
Presentational Communication
someone's version of the facts or information
Mainstream Culture
the dominant culture