Com Ch. 1

Frame Analysis

using social cues or frames to understand our role in a given situation or context

Generalized other

your sense of how others see you

Representational Communication

conveying the facts or information objectively

Upshift (in frame analysis)

framing a situation as less serious, more open to personal expression

Downshift (in frame analysis)

framing a situation as more serious, less open to personal expression

Socialization

how we learn things; we are taught / we observe others doing certain things

Social Objects

in symbolic interaction, any objects in which people can refer

Significant other

influential people in the different situations in which you find yourself

Social Cue (in frame analysis)

information in an interaction, allowing the fine-tuning of presentations of self

Bounded / Co-Cultures

smaller cultures that exist within the mainstream culture

Palo Alto Team

"You cannot not communicate" -- communication is continuous

Communication is power because...

-It makes us human as our primary means of social interaction -Allows for the exchange of info -Helps us build and maintain relationships -Gives us power to influence or persuade others

Dimensions of Communication

1) Level of observation (how broad/ restrictive, types, through what mediums) 2) Intentionality 3) Judgement (successfullness)

Interactional Model

A more expansive version of the linear model Senders and receivers are "interpreters"-- both encode and decode messages simultaneously according to individual experiences Both negotiate meaning Represents the transmissional view of communication

Culture

A world made meaningful; socially constructed and maintained through communication. It can limit, liberate, unite, or divide us.

Perception

Being aware of and creating meaning from the world around us

Through communication our realities are:

CREATED RECREATED UNDERSTOOD

Language

Important to communication; separates us from other species, and is a major aspect of documenting knowledge

Symbolic Interaction

People give meanings to symbols and then behave according to those meanings.

Noise

Physical: actual noise Semantic: linguistic influences on the message Psychological: cognitive influences on the message Physiological: biological influences on the message

Ogden and Richard's Triangle of Meaning

Referent (United States) Symbol (eagle) Reference (majestic bravery)

Signs vs. Symbols

Signs are meant to be literal, symbols can have multiple interpretations.

Transactional Model

The most complex and contemporary model; the process changes communicators -- constitutive view because something now exists that did not exist prior to communication

Linear Model

The oldest, most simplified model Source -> Message (Medium) -> Receiver Considers feedback (a response to a message) and noise

Looking Glass Self Theory

The self is accomplished by seeing ourselves as others see us. There are 6 selves: You, the other, what you think of the other, what the other thinks of you, what you think the other thinks of you, what the other thinks you think of him or her.

Stereotype

a generalization about people, places, or things

Frames

a specific set of expectations we use to make sense of the specific social situation we may find ourselves in at the time

Communication

is about shared meaning making, a critical component to how we develop as human beings. It allows us to construct and control our environments.

Ritual View of Communication

links communication to community, fellowship, and the representations of shared beliefs within a society (i.e. holidays)

Hyper-ritualized representations (in frame analysis)

media portrayals that cannot represent all the nuances of a phenomenon

Schema

processing info quickly; automatic reaction; can lead to stereotypes and biases; a mental structure built from past experiences that we use to process new information and new experiences

Presentational Communication

someone's version of the facts or information

Mainstream Culture

the dominant culture