Comm 495 Plagiarism quiz

Reasons/policies for secondary citations

(a) Authors sometimes commit citation errors, which might be replicated without knowing it; (b) Authors sometimes make interpretation errors, which might be ignorantly reinforced (c) Therefore, reliability of scholarly activity is made more difficult to assure and enforce; (d) By relying on only a few sources of review, the learning process is short-circuited, and the student's own research competencies are diminished, which are integral to any liberal education; (e) By masking the actual sources of ideas, readers must second guess which sources come from which citations, making the readers' own research more difficult; (f) By masking the origin of the information, the actual source of ideas is misrepresented.

Cheating

(def) the act of obtaining or attempting to obtain credit for academic work by the use of dishonest, deceptive, or fraudulent means. Examples of cheating include, but are not limited to

Types of plagiarism from severity of intent

1. Clone 2. CTRL - C 3. Find replace 4. Remix 5. Recycle 6. Hybrid 7. Mashup 8. 404 error 9. Aggregator 10. Retweet

Dishonesty

A. Cheating, plagiarism, or other forms of academic dishonesty that are intended to gain unfair academic advantage. B. Furnishing false information to a university official, faculty member, or campus office. C. Forgery, alteration, or misuse of a university document, key, or identification instrument. D. Misrepresenting one's self to be an authorized agent of the university or one of its auxiliaries."

Exceptions

Any exceptions to these policies will be considered on a case-by-case basis, and only under exceptional circumstances.

Solicitation f0r ghost writing

Any student who solicits any third party to write any portion of an assignment for this class (whether for pay or not) violates the standards of academic honesty. The penalty for solicitation (regardless of whether it can be demonstrated the individual solicited wrote any sections of the assignment) is F in the course and reporting to Student Rights and Responsibilities.

Recycle

Borrows generously from the writers previous work without citation

Find replace

Changing key word and phrases but retaining the original content from the source

Hybrid

Combines perfectly cited sources with copied passages without citation

CTRL-C

Contains significant portions of text from a single source without citation

Exacerbating conditions—Intent

Evidence of foreknowledge and intent to deceive magnifies the seriousness of the offense and the grounds for official response. Plagiarism, whether 'by accident' or 'by ignorance,' still qualifies as plagiarism—it is all students' responsibility to make sure their assignments are not committing the offense.

Exacerbating conditions—Amount

Evidence of infraction, even if fragmentary, is increased with a greater: (a) number of infractions; (b) distribution of infractions across an assignment; or (c) proportion of the assignment consisting of infractions.

lying

Evidence or determination of deliberate deception of the instructor for the purposes of self-gain or gain of fellow student(s) will be considered prejudicial in evaluating a student's assignments, participation, and/or standing in the course.

Assistance

Evidence that the student was not the original author of the work, due to soliciting the assistance or composition of another person or persons.

404 error

Includes citations to nonexistent

Retweet

Includes proper citation but relies too closely on the text's original wording and/or structure

Aggregator

Includes proper citation to sources but the paper contains almost no original work

Mashup

Mixed copied material from multiple sources

Secondary citations

Not strictly a form of plagiarism, but in blatant forms, it can present similar ethical challenges. Citing source A, which in turn cites source B, but it is source B's ideas or content that provide the unique basis for the claims the student intends to make in the assignment.

Remix

Paraphrases from multiple sources, made to fit together

Assignment failure

Reproducing a sentence or sentence fragment with no quotation marks, but with source citation, or subsets of images without source attribution, will minimally result in an "F" on the assignment, and may result in greater penalty, including a report to the CSRR, depending factors noted below. In this instance, an "F" may mean anything between a zero (0) and 50%, depending on the extent of infraction.

Course failure

Soliciting or reproducing a whole paper, paragraph, or large portions of unattributed materials without proper attribution, whether represented by: (a) multiple sentences, images, or portions of images; or (b) by percentage of assignment length, will result in assignment of an "F" in the course in which the infraction occurred, and a report to the Center for Student Rights and Responsibilities (CSRR2).

Self-plagiarism

Students often practice some form of 'double-dipping,' in which they write on a given topic across more than one course assignment. In general, there is nothing wrong with double-dipping topics or sources, but there is a problem with double-dipping exact and redundant text. It is common for scholars to write on the same topic across many publication outlets; this is part of developing expertise and the reputation of being a scholar on a topic. Scholars, however, are not permitted to repeat exact text across papers or publications except when noted and attributed, as this wastes precious intellectual space with repetition and does a disservice to the particular source of original presentation by 'diluting' the value of the original presentation. Any time a writer simply 'cuts-and-pastes' exact text from former papers into a new paper, it is a form of self-plagiarism. Consequently, a given paper should never be turned in to multiple classes. Entire paragraphs, or even sentences, should not be repeated word-for-word across course assignments. Each new writing assignment is precisely that, a new writing assignment, requiring new composition on the student's part.

Clone

Submitting one's work, word for word as your own.

Intellectual property

The syllabus, lectures and lecture outlines are personally-copyrighted intellectual property of the instructor, which means that any organized recording for anything other than personal use, duplication, distribution, or profit is a violation of copyright and fair use laws.

Intellectual contents

include all forms of 'text' produced by another person or persons. It includes: writings, course syllabi, course lectures and recordings of lectures, visual information such as models, videos, lyrics, software, etc.

Proper source attribution

occurs by specifying the source of content or ideas. This is done by (a) providing quotation marks around text, when directly quoted, and (b) clearly designating the source of the text or information relied upon in an assignment.

Plagiarism

the act of incorporating ideas, words, or specific substance of another, whether purchased, borrowed, or otherwise obtained, and submitting same to the university as one's own work to fulfill academic requirements without giving credit to the appropriate source. Plagiarism shall include but not be limited to:

Consequences for cheating/plagiarism

• Course failure • Assignment failure • Exacerbating conditions—Amount • Exacerbating conditions—Intent • Assistance • Exceptions

EX's of cheating

• copying, in part or in whole, from another's test or other examination; discussing answers or ideas relating to the answers on a test or other examination without the permission of the instructor; • obtaining copies of a test, an examination, or other course material without the permission of the instructor; • using notes, cheat sheets, or other devices considered inappropriate under the prescribed testing condition; • collaborating with another or others in work to be presented without the permission of the instructor; • falsifying records, laboratory work, or other course data; • submitting work previously presented in another course, if contrary to the rules of the course; • altering or interfering with the grading procedures; • plagiarizing, as defined; and • knowingly and intentionally assisting another student in any of the above.

EX's of Plagiarism

• submitting work, either in part or in whole, completed by another; • omitting footnotes for ideas, statements, facts, or conclusions that belong to another; • omitting quotation marks when quoting directly from another, whether it be a paragraph, sentence, or part thereof; • close and lengthy paraphrasing of the writings of another; • submitting another person's artistic works, such as musical compositions, photographs, paintings, drawings, or sculptures; and • submitting as one's own work papers purchased from research companies."