concepts practice test 2

Which is not associated with broadcast radio waves? amplitude modulation frequency slices or bands "radio window" in the atmosphere frequency modulation electron motion in an antenna

"radio window" in the atmosphere

A wave having a frequency of 10 Hz means which of the following is occurring? 10 waves are simultaneously oscillating up and down 1 wave goes up and down 10 times every second Over a distance of 10 m, a wave oscillations up and down 10 times 10 seconds goes by between waves

1 wave goes up and down 10 times every second

How much amperage will be moving through a wire if it has a resistance of 12 ohms and is carrying 120 V? 10 amps 12 amps 1.2 amps 100 amps 1 amp

10 amps

Approximately how much electrical current will flow through a 250-watt stereo system to play a compact disk in the United States? (Assume a voltage source of 120V) 0.5 amps 1 amp 2 amps 25 amps 250 am

2 amps

How fast can light travel in one second, if it is moving through a vacuum?

300,000 kilometers

Which sound wave frequency is outside the range of a human's ability to detect? 5 Hz 20 Hz 200 Hz 2000 Hz 10000 Hz

5 Hz

The current in a circuit is 0.5 A and the voltage across it is 12 V. The power being supplied by the source is:

6 W

Which statement best describes transverse waves?

A wave a frog would make jumping up and down on a lily pad.

Which kind of reaction is 2HNO3 + Mg(OH)2 ? 2H2O + Mg(NO3)2?

Acid-Base

To achieve a negative charge, you would most likely do which of the following

Add electrons to the object

What scientist is credited with making the first battery? Luigi Galvani Michael Faraday Alessandro Volta Benjamin Franklin William Gilbert

Alessandro Volta

What are some ways the Earth's magnetic field is or was used for navigation? Sailors of the past used compasses to direct their course. Some bacteria navigate up and down within pond ooze. Some migratory birds are directed by the magnetic field. The Australian silvereye can see the magnetic fields using a form of color vision. All of the choices are ways in which the magnetic field is or was used for navigation.

All of the choices are ways in which the magnetic field is or was used for navigation.

An ionic bond forms where the following happens?

An atom that likes to give up an electron interacts with an atom that likes to take electrons.

The Doppler Effect is NOT observed where the following occurs:

Both the observer and the source are moving at the same velocity

Who first coined the word atom? Dalton Rutherford Bohr Democritus Thomson

Democritus

In what way does Newton's law of universal gravitation differ from Coulomb's law? Electrical forces can be either attractive or repulsive, while gravity is only attractive. Only Newton's law of gravity requires a universal constant. Only Coulomb's law addresses distance in describing the effect of one object on another. Newton's law required experimentation but Coulomb's law did not. Newton's and Coulomb's laws are really identical, so there is no significant difference.

Electrical forces can be either attractive or repulsive, while gravity is only attractive.

One significant difference between matter waves (such as earthquakes and sound waves and water waves) and electromagnetic waves is which of the following?

Electromagnetic waves can travel through nothing at all

The most stable configurations of electrons occur in which of the following cases?

Elements that are inert gasses

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was inspired by some experiments and demonstrations in electricity based upon:

Galvani's research.

In 1808, which person below borrowed the name 'atom' from Greek writings and described in a modern way how it is that an atom is indivisible? Daniel Bernoulli John Dalton Dimitri Mendeleev Ernest Rutherford Albert Einstein

John Dalton

Which of the following is something common to both the electrical force and the gravitational force? They both have roughly the same relative strength They both can only cause attraction between objects Both of these are common features between the forces due to electricity and gravity Neither of these are common features between the electrical and gravitational forces

Neither of these are common features between the electrical and gravitational forces

Which of the following is something common to both the electrical force and the gravitational force? hey both have roughly the same relative strength They both can only cause attraction between objects Both of these are common features between the forces due to electricity and gravity Neither of these are common features between the electrical and gravitational forces

Neither of these are common features between the electrical and gravitational forces

The surface temperature of the Sun is approximately 5800 K. Suppose you heat a sample of hydrogen to more than that temperature. What is the most likely result?

The gas transforms into a different state of matter.

Which of the following is an observation we can make about pipes in a pipe organ? The longest pipes give rise to the highest frequencies The shortest pipes give rise to the smallest frequencies The length of the pipe is inversely proportional to the square of the frequency of the sound it produces The length of the pipe is inversely proportional to the frequency of the sound it produces

The length of the pipe is inversely proportional to the frequency of the sound it produces

Mendeleev's periodic table was organized according to rules of scientific method. Which statement below follows those rules? The periodic table made predictions that could be tested. Only scientists could understand the periodic table. Information that refuted Mendeleev's hypothesis was ignored. Mendeleev's listed the elements alphabetically. The periodic table has not changed in 100 years.

The periodic table made predictions that could be tested.

What was one of the original motivations for grouping the elements in columns?

They are grouped according to similar chemical behavior

Which statement is true of liquid crystals? could not be akin to the 'lipid bilayer' molecules in the primitive oceans. Liquid crystals become less structured in the presence of an electric field. Under the influence of an electric field, liquid crystals form a partially ordered structure of molecules. Polymers broken into individual parts reform as liquid crystals. Being a liquid, they have no order.

Under the influence of an electric field, liquid crystals form a partially ordered structure of molecules.

The spontaneous formation of new chemical bonds usually leads to the emission of energy in the form of heat because of which of the following reasons? Electrons go from lower energy states to higher energy states. Nuclei go from higher energy states to lower energy states. Valence electrons go from higher energy states to lower energy states. Electrons in the outermost shell adopt identical low-energy states.

Valence electrons go from higher energy states to lower energy states.

When two atoms link up we call that:

a chemical bond

When two atoms link up we call that: periodicity. a chemical bond. a noble gas. valence.

a chemical bond

Because a neutral sodium atom has 11 electrons, sodium is: an inert gas. a highly reactive element. a noble gas. only sightly reactive under certain conditions

a highly reactive element.

Covalent solids are held together because of: a sea of electrons. a sharing of electrons. an attraction between the polar molecules. a transfer of negative electrons. the lack of attraction between the inert atoms.

a sharing of electrons.

Ionic solids are held together because of: a sea of electrons. a sharing of electrons. an attraction between the polar molecules. a transfer of negative electrons. the lack of attraction between the inert atoms.

a transfer of negative electrons.

Sound waves cannot travel through:

a vacuum

Metallic bonds create materials with properties that make them: polar. able to change shape without breaking. brittle. good insulators. as hard as diamonds.

able to change shape without breaking.

Which part of a sound wave is related to its loudness?

amplitude

Which part of a sound wave is related to its loudness? amplitude frequency wavelength speed velocity

amplitude

The fundamental building block for all matter, which is the smallest representative sample of a substance that maintains chemical identity, is called

an atom.

The functioning of an electric motor depends on the fact that:

an electrical current produces a magnetic field.

The functioning of an electric motor depends on the fact that: like charges attract, unlike charges repel. like magnetic poles attract, unlike magnetic poles repel. an electrical current produces a magnetic field. permanent magnets are always stronger than electromagnets. all motors must have several electromagnets.

an electrical current produces a magnetic field.

The functioning of an electric motor depends on the fact that: like charges attract, unlike charges repel. like magnetic poles attract, unlike magnetic poles repel. an electrical current produces a magnetic field. permanent magnets are always stronger than electromagnets. all motors must have several electromagnets.

an electrical current produces a magnetic field.

Which of the following items would use only low-resistance wires? a toaster a space heater (electric heater for a room in your house) an electrical transmission line an incandescent light bulb a hair drye

an electrical transmission line

Rutherford's model of the atom cannot work because: atoms would be constantly emitting energy. atoms would be constantly absorbing energy. compounds could not be easily formed. atoms would not have symmetrical shapes. the law of thermodynamics would not work.

atoms would be constantly emitting energy.

If you are observing a light source moving very rapidly towards you, the Doppler effect predicts that the light will be: redshifted. blueshifted. bent. transmitted. radiated.

blueshifted.

An atom capable of making very complicated, covalently-bonded molecules is: carbon. nitrogen. helium. sodium.

carbon

The Doppler effect describes:

change in wave frequency when source or receiver is moving.

The strongest type of bond is: ionic. metallic. covalent. van der Walls. inert.

covalent

White materials scatter all wavelengths of visible light in all directions in a process called:

diffusion.

Noble gases are called so because they:

don't chemically interact with other elements.

The lines of force radiating from a charged object is called a/an: gravitational field. gravitational force. electrical field. electrical force. magnetic field.

electrical field.

Motors and magnets owe their existence to what force? gravitational field. gravitational force. electrical field. electrical force. magnetic field.

electromagnetic force

Materials made from a single type of atom that cannot be broken down any further are called

elements.

If a chemical bond forms spontaneously, then:

energy will be released in the reaction.

Which property of electromagnetic waves is measured in Hertz? amplitude speed frequency length energy

frequency

Compared to microwave radiation, infrared radiation:

has shorter wavelengths.

Compared to microwave radiation, infrared radiation: has shorter wavelengths. has longer wavelengths. is a faster wave. is a slower wave. is visible to the human eye.

has shorter wavelengths.

Inert gases

have similar chemical properties.

Albert Michelson was the first U.S. scientist to win the Nobel Prize. His prize was for:

his studies of light.

In the periodic table of the elements, the only element lighter than helium is argon. neon. oxygen. hydrogen. silicon.

hydrogen

If you use an electrical current to break down water, you get what two gases? hydrogen and oxygen carbon and dioxide carbon and oxygen hydrogen and carbon

hydrogen and oxygen

Where would you not expect to find plasma?

in an ice cube

Our basic knowledge of the properties of static electricity began:

in the eighteenth century.

Our basic knowledge of the properties of static electricity began: in the sixteen hundreds. with the invention of the battery. with the invention of the electric motor. in the eighteenth century. in the seventeenth century

in the eighteenth century.

The load in an electric hair dryer is located:

in the heating element and fan.

A piece of gravel by the side of road is most likely held together by: covalent bonds. ionic bonds. van der Waals forces. crystal lattice. hydrogen bonds.

ionic bonds.

An element with an atomic number of 8 was the eighth element discovered. contains atoms with four protons and four neutrons. is composed of atoms with only eight protons. has eight electrons in the outer shell of each atom. as six protons and two neutrons.

is composed of atoms with only eight protons.

The velocity of a photon in a quantum jump

is the speed of light.

Democritus put forth the concept of an atom because

it was philosophically satisfying that particles could be divided only so small.

Which instrument below emits photons that have wave crests in exact alignment?

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Which state of matter maintains a constant volume but not a fixed shape?

liquid

In his famous experiment of the late 1700s, Charles Coulomb:

measured the force of the electric charge in objects.

Which makes the best electrical conductor?

metallic bonds

Which of the following can produce magnetic fields? gravitational force static electrical force moving electrical charges flowing water or other liquids rubbing amber

moving electrical charges

In today's periodic table, elements are arranged in order of

number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

In today's periodic table, elements are arranged in order of number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. number of neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. number of electrons in the nucleus of the atom atomic size of the atom. the alphabetical listing of the atoms.

number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

In the equation for Ohm's law, resistance is in the unit:

ohms

An example of something that is not a polymer is:

plasma and gas.

How is the force of two charged particles related to their charges?

proportional to the product of their charges divided by the square of the distance between them

Another word for constructive interference is:

reinforcement.

If you drop a material that is held together by ionic bonds, one likely outcome is that it will:

shatter

A photon is emitted by an atom when one of the atom's electrons collides with other electrons. shifts to a higher energy level. shifts to a lower energy level. is removed from the atom. leaves the atom.

shifts to a lower energy level.

It was first discovered that atoms have a nucleus when scientists photographed the nucleus of uranium. Einstein hypothesized the existence of the nucleus in 1915. some alpha particles were deflected by gold nuclei in Rutherford's experiment. experiments showed that electrons must have a charge balance at an atom's center. Rutherford split the nucleus of uranium atoms.

some alpha particles were deflected by gold nuclei in Rutherford's experiment.

Which of the following is the same for all kinds of electromagnetic waves? frequency speed energy wavelength transmission

speed

In the periodic table of the elements, a period refers to the

the horizontal row.

Chemical bonds are: the attraction among atoms resulting from the destruction of electrons. an unstable configuration among two or more elements. the redistribution of electrons between atoms, leading to a more stable configuration. sharing of protons in the lowest energy level. explained in laws of thermodynamics.

the redistribution of electrons between atoms, leading to a more stable configuration.

Coulomb's law states that force is dependent on all the following except:

the sizes of the two objects.

What is an atom's spectrum?

the total collection of different photons an atom can emit

The fundamental difference between electromagnetic waves and other types of waves is that electromagnetic waves: move more slowly than all other types of waves. are invisible regardless of wavelength. do not experience constructive or destructive interference. transfer energy without transferring mass. all have the same wavelength.

transfer energy without transferring mass.

Light passing through a window glass is an interaction called: transmission. absorption. scattering. reflection. the greenhouse effect.

transmission

When you cut a magnet in half you get:

two magnets each with a north pole and south pole.

The electrons at the outer energy level of the atom are called: outer field electrons. the atomic number. valence electrons. van der Waals electrons. ionic electrons.

valence electrons

Which of the following common household products is an acid?

vinegar