Counseling Skills Final Review

What is the difference between empathy and sympathy?

sympathy is when you share the feelings of another; empathy is when you understand the feelings of another but do not necessarily share them.

How do you use reflection of meaning?

to gain a deeper sense of understanding, purpose, vision, or some related concept. client to explore their own meanings and values

What is the foundation for practical basis of decisional counseling?

using the 5 stages of counseling: empathetic relationship, story and strength, goals, restore, action.

List the ways one can create attending behavior

visual/eye contact, vocal qualities, verbal tracking, body language

what's the difference between word encouragers and restatements?

word encouragers contain 1-3 words where as restatements are longer

what's another term for relationship

working alliance

what is "linking"?

"Linking" is an important part of interpretation; two or more ideas brought together to offer new insight

What is the difference between Reframe and interpretation?

"Reframe" is a gentler construct that comes from your "here and now" observations. Interpretation relies more heavily on theoretical orientation of interviewer.

what two things are important to helping clients restory their lives?

-Reflection of meaning -interpretation/reframing

What are the three surroundings factors of the centrality of meaning?

-behaviors -feelings -thoughts

"Damarius, I hear you saying...." Is an example of?

A sentence stem in paraphrasing

What are the four dimensions of effective paraphrasing?

A sentence stem, key words used, essence of what the client has said, and checkout for accuracy.

What does closed ended question do for the client

Any question which can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no", or with a specific piece of information (ie. ... A closed-ended question contrasts with an open-ended question.

"You're hurting" "You're hurting for your mom?" "you get easily angry" "falling apart"

I feel like my life is falling apart. I've always been close to both my folks and since they told me that they were breaking up, nothing has been right. When I sit down to study, I can't concentrate. And my roommate says that I get angry too easily. I guess everything upsets me. I was doing OK in my classes until this came along. I'm hurting so much for my mom. What would be key word encouragers?

HIPAA Identity Rules

Identify the Rules: HIPAA Security Rule, which provides requirements for security, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic protected health information (EPHI). Under the HIPAA security rule, security measures include technical safeguards and physical safeguards. HIPAA Privacy Rule, which provides requirements for preventing unauthorized disclosure of electronic health information. HIPAA Breach Notification Rule, which requires that you provide notification in the event of a data breach. You'll most likely need a process and capability to notify the subjects in the event of any security incidents (the individuals whose data was subject of theft), as well as HHS.

How does open ended questions help the client

Open-ended questions allow respondents to include more information, including feelings, attitudes and understanding of the subject. This allows researchers to better access the respondents' true feelings on an issue.

How is paraphrasing different from reflection?

Paraphrasing is repeating back your understanding of the material that has been brought by the client, using your own words but also repeating key words they said. A paraphrase reflects the essence of what has been said. goal is to facilitate client exploration and clarification.

What are the 5 BLS?

Questioning, encouraging, paraphrasing, reflection of feelings, summarizing

What is the acronym for multiculturalism

R(religion)E(economic)S(sexual orientation)P(personal style)E(ethnic)C(chronological life span)T(trauma)F(family background)U(unique physical characteristics)L(location of residence)

Emily tells Gus, ''It seems that no matter how hard I try or how much I do it, I cannot get comfortable with cold calling. It just seems so icky to me, but I know that I have to do it to acquire more clients.''

Reflection of Feelings

Name the technique "today seemed a bit of mixed emotion, on one hand coach feels you are a strong enough player to switch positions, but you sound a bit scary and nervous about making that switch."

Reflection of Feelings

Name the technique to assist clients in understanding their key emotions and understand the feeling in the room?

Reflection of Feelings

What 3 factors should a counselor know of when reflecting meaning?

Structure similarly to a paraphrase or reflection of feeling. Use the exact key words the client uses. Reflect meaning, value, and how the client makes sense of the world.

You came in today because you are feeling depressed. Your school work is not going well. You worry your boyfriend doesn't love you. You are also unhappy with the amount of stress your parents are putting on you to get A's. Would you say this is accurate? This is an example of which skill?

Summarization

HIPAA

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) sets the standard for sensitive patient data protection. The US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is responsible for HIPAA administration, and they publish a great resource called "HIPAA for Professionals".

What are a few questions that may orient toward meaning?

What does this mean to you? What sense do you make of it? How are your values reflected in this situation? What is important (unimportant) to you? Why is it important to you? Which of your values support/oppose that action/thought/feeling?

What ways can you ask an open ended question

What, How, Why, or Could

Why is reflection so important?

When a counselor uses reflection, s/he accurately describes the client's affective state from either verbal or nonverbal cues. By listening for and responding to the feelings of the client rather than the content of their statement you arc communicating that you can accurately sense the world as they are perceiving it. Then they feel heard and understood which gives them the feeling of safety.

What is decisional counseling?

a practical model that recognizes decision making and the micro skills as a system that will help you develop increased competence.

what's an example of a closed ended question

are you feeling better today?

Which listening skills are most effective when working with children?

being prepared for more topic jumps, see them at their level, use short sentences, avoid abstractions.

When a client discuss several topics in one discussion how does the counselor respond?

by using selective attention. don't dismiss the information provided. in a session the client will present multiple possibilities. how you selectively attend may determine the length of the session and whether or not the client returns. observe patterns of what they say and don't say. sometimes the last thing a client says in a list of concerns needs to be focused on.

Reflection of meaning involves.... Interpretation/reframe implies....

client direction. therapist direction.

Define acculturation

degree in which an individual has adopted the norms or standard way of behaving in a given culture. remember there is no normative behavior because each culture has its beliefs in norm behavior.

"on one hand you feel.... but on the other you also feel." is an example of

empathic confrontation

What's the difference between encouragers, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

encouragers keep clients talking, paraphrasing is used to explore and clarify what the client is expressing, with summarizing the counselor wants to draw connections between two or more topics.

"What does . . . mean to you, your past, or future life?"

example of reflection of meaning

List the ways you can observe nonverbal behavior

facial expressions, eye gaze, tone of voice, body motion, timing and intensity of response

what is person-centered therapy?

helps clients build on their strengths and find deeper purpose.

what is Decisional Theory?

helps clients find new ways of thinking about their decisions.

what is Brief Counseling?

helps clients find quick ways to reach central goals

what is Cognitive-Behavioral Theory?

helps clients link thinking and behavior.

What are examples of internal conflict

indecision, guilt, depression, and anxiety

How does verbal tracking help the client?

it keeps the client on topic and encourages more elaboration of their narrative. when a client is uncomfortable with a topic they typically change subject matter.

what is the 3 step process of empathic confrontation

listen- for incongruities/discrepancies/ambivalence/mixed messages, summarize- internal and external conflict, evaluate- using the client change scale

Sarah: I have just broken up with Jason. The way he was treating me was just too much to bear. Every time I tried to touch on the subject with him he would just clam up. I feel so much better now. Counselor: You feel much better after breaking up with Jason. this is an example of which skill?

paraphrasing

This is an example of what technique? "sounds a little nerve-racking"

paraphrasing

Which listening skill do teachers use consistently with children?

paraphrasing and encouraging

Paraphrasing is also called

reflection of content-

Client: "I just can't figure out why things have been so difficult here. Everything came so easily to me in high school. Everyone at home still thinks I'm the smartest guy around but they have no idea that I'm really just stupid, but it's only a matter of time." Counselor: "You are embarrassed that you haven't lived up to other people's expectations of you. You feel like a fraud and that you will be discovered at any time."

reflection of feeling

Client: "So, I'm wondering if you can help me choose a new major... (pause), I suppose if I did choose, I'd just screw things up again..." Counselor: "You're feeling hopeless about being able to succeed and you're not sure anybody or anything will help. This is an example of?

reflection of feeling

Which skill is used during this conversation: Sam: Sure. I had worked hard to for it, and felt I deserved it. Peter: You felt you had earned it?

reflection of meaning

These are statements of which skill: "you care", "your reasons are", "your intention was"

reflection of meaning (meaning, value, reasons, intent, cause- these help distinguish RM from other skills.

What does HIPAA currently require?

requires health care organizations to track access to electronic protected health information, but they are not required to share this information with clients.

What are the techniques of Reflection of Feelings

sentence stem, feeling label, context or brief paraphrase, reflection in the present tense (right now your angry), checkout (accuracy).

I feel like my life is falling apart. I've always been close to both my folks and since they told me that they were breaking up, nothing has been right. When I sit down to study, I can't concentrate. And my roommate says that I get angry too easily. I guess everything upsets me. I was doing OK in my classes until this came along. I'm hurting so much for my mom. What would be key word encouragers?

"You're hurting" "You're hurting for your mom?" "you get easily angry" "falling apart"

what is discernment?

"sifting through our interior and exterior experiences to determine their origin"

countertransference

Circumstances in which a psychoanalyst develops personal feelings about a client because of perceived similarity of the client to significant people in the therapist's life.

Why do we use reflection of feelings?

Client can feel validated, heard, and there can be a secondary layer revealed when the client feels safe, brings awareness to their own unnoticed feelings

What technique uses short statements, head nods, smiles, huh-uh to assist in the client to continue to talk?

Encouraging

What is the difference between paraphrasing and encouraging restatement?

Encouraging restatement you use the exact wording from the client where as with paraphrasing you use key words and covers only a limited amount of material.

What are the limitations to problem solving models of counseling?

Insufficient attention is paid to the emotional aspects of the decision.

what 4 steps coincide with the microskill of interpretation/reframing?

Listen to the client story. Learn how the client makes sense of the world. Provide the client with a new perspective or frame of reference. Interpretation/reframes may... Come from therapist's observations Be based on theoretical orientations Link critical ideas together

Which type of question gives power to the client?

Open ended question

True or false, the act of helping has power implications?

True

what's an example of an open ended question

What was your high school experience like?

What ways can you ask a closed ended question

Who, When, where, Is, Are, or Do

Name the type of question that may make a client become defensive?

Why?

Is the following question an open ended question or closed ended question? What is your best quality?

closed ended question- because A closed-ended question generates a limited set of responses

What might be a conflict of interest

dual relationships

what is Multicultural Counseling and Therapy ?

helps clients reframe their concerns in relation to their multicultural background

what is Psychodynamic Theory?

helps the client link ideas about how the past influences the present.

Explain the Client Change Scale (CCS)

helps to evaluate where the client is in the change process. are they: in denial (level 1) in partial examination (level 2) in acceptance and recognition (level 3) in creation of new solution (level 4) in transcendence (level 5)

How much do emotions play into decision making for a client?

how clients feel emotionally about a decision heavily determines whether or not they are going to act on that decision.

Define empathic confrontation

influencing skill that invites clients to examine their stories for discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal communication, between expressed attitudes and behaviors, or conflict with others.

What is the goal of counseling?

intentionality= helping people feel heard and respected resilience= building internal strength self-actualization=the psychological process aimed at maximizing the use of a person's abilities and resources. This process may vary from one person to another

What's the difference between interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy?

interviewing= gathering data counseling= listening and understanding to develop strategies for change psychotherapy= focused on more deep seated difficulties

Explain summarization

is used to restate key concepts with facts, thoughts, and emotions included.

Define verbal underlining

key words a person underlines by means of volume and emphasis. critical issues expect a lower speech volume.

What is a good way to redirect when a client is consistently focusing on the negative and repeating a story over and over.

pay attention and redirect the conversation when you observe a strength, a wellness habit, a resource outside themselves that could be helpful, focus on the positive assets.

transference

people construct their relationships in the present by reproducing emotionally important aspects of their past relationships. ie. feelings towards a mother can weave in with working with a female consultant

Paraphrases

the counsellor chooses the most important details of what the client has just said and reflects them back to the client. Paraphrases can be just a few words or one or two brief sentences.