Crainial nerves and parts of the eye
vagus (nerves X)
(mixed) sensory and motor nerve ("Wanders" into thorax and abdomen, Parasympatheic innervation of organs) (blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs and taste)
abducens (nerves VI)
Abducts the eyeball—innervates lateral rectus muscle (motor)=>only cranial nerve that originates from the dorsal surface of the brainstem
fovea
Central part of retina; area of retina with most accurate vision
Aqueous humor
Fluid in the space between the cornea and lens of the eye.
Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction?
III (Oculomotor)
iris
Muscles of eye that control the size of the pupil. Gives color to the eye.
(Other mnemonic tool for) cranial nerves
On Old Olympic Towering Tops A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
cone
Receptor found in the retina important for color vision and detailed sight.
rod
Receptor found in the retina important for in low light conditions
conjunctiva
The is a thin, clear membrane covering the front of the eye and inner eyelids. Cells in this lining produce mucous that helps to lubricate the eye.
How many cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements?
Three: III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), and VI (Abducens).
Which cranial nerve is the largest?
V (Trigeminal)
Which cranial nerves carry gustatory (taste) information?
VII (Facial), CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus).
Which cranial nerve is the longest?
X (Vagus) which reaches from the medulla to the digestive and urinary organs.
optic disc
optic nerve head in the eye, in which no photoreceptors are present, thus resulting in a blind spot in the visual field
hypoglossal (nerves XII)
runs inferior to the tongue, innervates tongue muscles (mixed: primary motor) (contols tongue movement)
vestibulocochlear (nerve VIII)
sensory nerve of hearing and balance (sensory) (hearing, equillibrium sensation)
optic (nerve II)
sensory nerve of vision (sensory)
ciliary processes
vascular folds on the inner surface of the ciliary body that give attachment to the suspensory ligaments (zonules) of the crystalline lens
retina
Innermost layer of the eye; contains receptors responsive to light
oculomotor (nerves III)
Innervates four of the extrinsic eye muscles (motor)(eyelid and eyeball movement)
facial (nerves VII)
Innervates muscles of facial expression (5 fingers on kids face to remember location-see slideshow) (mixed:motor (to 2 glands), sesory (2 on tongue) (controls most facial expressions, secretion of tears & saliva, taste)
glossopharyngeal (nerve IX)
Innervates structures of the tongue (glosso) and pharynx (-pharyngeal) (mixed:motor, sensory)
trigeminal (nerves V)
Largest of the cranial nerves, has three divisions: Ophthalmic division (V1), Maxillary division (V2), Mandibular division (V3) (mixed: sensory, sensory, motor) (chewing, face & mouth, touch & pain)
cornea
Transparent front coat of the eye.
lens
Transparent structure in the eye that focuses light on the retina
trochlea
a ring-like tendon, functioning as a pulley, through which the superior oblique muscle passes before it attaches to the eye
choroid
a vascular membrane containing large branched pigment cells that lies between the retina and the sclera of the eye
ciliary body
an annular (ring-like) structure on the inner surface of the anterior wall of the eyeball, contained within the uveal tract and composed largely of the ciliary muscle and bearing the ciliary processes
sclera
the dense fibrous opaque white outer coat enclosing the eyeball, except the part covered by the cornea
posterior compartment
the large space inside the eye, located posteriorly to the crystalline lens; contains the vitreous humor
trochlear (nerves IV)
Innervates the superior oblique muscle (an extrinsic eye muscle:turns eye downward and laterally) (motor)
eyelids (palpebrae)
Structures covering the front of the eye, which protect it, limit the amount of light entering the pupil, and distribute tear film over the exposed corneal surface
accessory (nerves XI)
Unique among cranial nerves, nerves are formed from ventral rootlets of the spinal cord, Do not arise from the brainstem (mixed: primary motor) (controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid, controls swallowing movements)
(path of) optic nerve
cranial nerve II; the sensory nerve which carries electrical impulses from visual stimuli in the retina out of the eye, across the optic chiasm, and to the ventral part of the diencephalon, on their way to the visual cortex in the occipital cortex of the brain for interpretation
olfactory (nerve I)
sensory nerves of smell (sensory)
pupil
the contractile, usually round aperture in the iris of the eye which allows light to pass into the crystalline lens
anterior chamber
the space in the eye bounded in front by the cornea and in back by the iris and middle part of the lens; contains the aqueous humor
vitreous humor
the transparent gelatinous mass occupying the posterior compartment (the space between the crystalline lens and the retina of the eye)
