CRJ 115

Which of the following best describes a "wave" as used in Rapoport's Four Waves of Terrorism?

A cycle of expansion and contraction phases, with internationally similar interests, causes, or goals.

The suspicion that Serbia was involved in Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination precipitated WWI. An unintended consequence of the four terrible years that followed was:

A dampended enthusiasm for the strategy of assassination.

According to Reidel, which of the following is key to making Pakistan less of a security concern for the U.S.

A resolution to the conflict in Kashmir.

Which of the following participants create perspectives, interpret incidents, and label other participants?

Analysts

The legacies of both WWI and WWII played a key role in terrorism's:

Anti-Colonial Wave

The second intifada came to a close when:

Chairman Yasser Arafat died

On May 8, 1972, Israel commenced Operation Isotope in response to the hijacking of a Sabena Airways flight with what result?

Disguised as maintance crew members, Israeli commandos succeeded in killing or capturing the hijackers and rescuing the passengers.

Chailand and Blin note that "____________________ are rare in history, as are religious pressure groups with no political ambitions".

Exclusively political terrorist organizations

All extremists are terrorists.

False

Extremists hardly ever have a clear sense of mission, purpose, and righteousness.

False

Gama'a al Islamiyya (IG) is still relevant today, working with, but independently of, Al Queda.

False

In 1991, only two years after returning in "triumph" from jihad in Afghanistan, bin Laden was expelled from his home country, Saudi Arabia, and settled in Pakistan.

False

Most of the jihadi fundamentalist groups currently operating in Indonesia are focused on local Christian targets and therefore, according to Jones, are not a concern for the United States.

False

Most within the CIA expected the Mujahideen to crush the Soviet Army within a few months, or maybe years.

False

Since the advent of Rappaport's Fourth (Religious) Wave of terrorism, terrorist groups have been careful to minimize casualties so as to not risk any international or domestic support they may have.

False

The first Muslim country to join the "nuclear club" was Afghanistan.

False

The terms terror and terrorism can be traced to the: Correct!

French Revolution

How was Qadhafi's dictatorship toppled?

His attempts to use his air forces to shell Arab Spring protestors prompted international military intervention.

How did the government of Bashir Assad respond to the antigovernment protests that broke out in early 2011?

Initially with both moderate concessions and reforms. By the end of 2011, force won out as the defining government reaction.

What is the significance of Saudi Arabia to the Muslim world?

It is the birthplace of Islam and the two most important holy sites in Islam are located there.

Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ) ended when:

It merged with Al Queda through marriage and Zawahiri became Bin Laden's number two.

The United Nations in 1947 decided to:

Partition Palestine into two separate states, one Israeli and one Arab, with Jerusalem becoming an internationalized city.

The two periods of Intifada were:

Periods of Arab uprisings that led to casualties on both sides of the conflict.

The two periods of Intifada are best described as:

Periods of Palestinian uprisings that resulted in tragic loss of life to both Israelis and Palestinians.

In his seminal 1984 article on religious terrorism, Rapoport characterizes these groups -- the Zealots, Thugs, and Assassins -- as practicing:

Sacred terror

According to one of the commentators interviewed in the video "Bitter Rivals", while the conflict between the Shia and Sunni sects of Islam dates back centuries, the violence we are seeing today is part of a struggle between Iran and what country for dominance of the Middle East and the Muslim world.

Saudi Arabia

"Propaganda by deed" is the idea that:

Simple propaganda without action will be ineffective; violent , but mostly targeted, actions are needed.

According to the video "Bitter Rivals", which of the following countries has been Iran's longest running ally since the Iranian Revolution of 1979?

Syria

Which group carried out the 1991 assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Ghandi.

Tamil Tigers (LTTE)

Who has been the most consistent power holder in Pakistan's history?

The Military

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Thugees NOT found in the Zealots or Assassins?

The Thugees were secretive and shunned publicity.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate regarding the definition of terrorism?

The United States has not adopted a single definition of terrorism.

The group Black September rose to significance following

The expulsion of the PLO from Jordan after their hijacking and destruction of several commercial airliners

What drove North and South Yemen to join together in the United Republic of Yemen?

The need to effectively exploit discoveries of oil in the ill-defined border region between the two countries.

How has the focus of Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LeT) changed over time?

They have moved their focus from strictly Kashmir to a more global and Western focus.

After the leader of Hamas was killed in a missile attack (and his successor four weeks later), the group continued to expand and became more influential than before.

True

Although the Al-Shabbab terrorist group is considered to be more concerned with Somali nationalist issues than worldwide jihad, its affiliation with Al Queda and Al Queda affiliates have led it to increase its targeting of Westerners and African Union Peacekeepers.

True

British exhaustion from the war, combined with peaceful resistance to British rule led by Ghandi and Nehru, led to independence for India in 1947. Correct!

True

Codes of self-sacrifice are used to justify the actions of terrorists.

True

Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty in 1979.

True

Hamas is a Sunni organization while Hezbollah is Shia.

True

In effect, the Assassins could be viewed as the precursors to the suicide bombers of today.

True

Research has not found a pattern of psychopathology among terrorists.

True

Terrorists uniformly accept the proposition that the promised good (a utopia) outweighs their present actions, no matter how violent those actions are.

True

The United States had expected that democratic elections in the Middle East would lead to pro-western governments but instead Hamas was elected. Correct!

True

Unlike many terrorists groups, the Tamil Tigers at one point boasted their own intelligence service, air force, and a small naval and amphibious force.

True

When the cease-fire failed and the Tamil Tigers resumed their violent activities, the Sri Lankan government went on an all-out offensive, including removing all civilians from the Tamil area and declaring all who remained to be combatants and fair game.

True

The theory of the Stockholm syndrome is used to describe terrorist tendencies within which explanations of terrorism?

psychological

Which of the following types of explanations generally holds that terrorism is a product of intergroup conflict that results in collective violence?

sociological

Which of the following was identified as a common feature of most formal definitions of terrorism?

subnational actors