CRP 338 Final

Why AI can't solve everything?

"AI Solutionism" - the philosophy that, given enough data, machine learning algorithms can solve all of humanity's problems. it actually jeopardizes the value of machine intelligence by disregarding important AI safety principles and setting unrealistic expectations

CCTV

(closed-circuit television) is a TV system in which signals are not publicly distributed but are monitored, primarily for surveillance and security purposes.

What is "machine learning"? - Programming computers to become experts in specialized areas of knowledge. - Humans use computers to increase the speed and quality of their learning. - Computers teach themselves tasks by crunching large sets of data. - Teaching computers to think like humans, especially more philosophical type questions.

- Computers teach themselves tasks by crunching large sets of data.

What is Numenta trying to achieve? - Improving AI without affecting previous learning - Making AI more skillful in specialized tasks - Making AI more general purpose - Improving AI by putting a label on an image

- Making AI more general purpose

DeepMind co-founder, Demis Hassabis, has suggested that in materials science, a descendant of AlphaGo Zero could be used to search for a room temperature superconductor - a hypothetical substance that allows for incredibly efficient energy systems. How is this example relevant to AI helping the planet? - A transparent digital Earth - Reinforcement learning for Earth sciences breakthroughs - AI-designed intelligent, connected and livable cities - Smart disaster response

- Reinforcement learning for Earth sciences breakthroughs

How AI can save the planet?

- Substantial greenhouse gas reductions for urban transport - improve energy storage, efficiency and load management, assist in the integration and reliability of renewables - transform weather forecasting and improve our understanding of the effects of climate change - much more

How has "big data" helped accelerate the development of artificial intelligence? - Big data has helped increase the speed of internet computation which allows computers to "think" as fast as brains - The creation of major data sets by social media companies essentially act as the brain for cloud-based AI - The avalanche of collected data about our world provides the education that AIs need

- The avalanche of collected data about our world provides the education that AIs need

Training the AI is the hardest part of Deep Learning. Why?

- You need a large data set. - You need a large amount of computational power.

In deep learning, each connection between neurons is associated with a weight. What does this "weight" represent? - It's a random number - the importance of the input value - the importance of output value - a fixed number throughout the training

- the importance of the input value

levels of vehicle autonomy

0: no automation 1: driver assistance 2: partial automation 3: conditional automation 4: high automation 5: full automation

How much additional developable area compared with a typical central urban layout could be offered in a new development designated as a dedicated zone for shared autonomous vehicle use? a. 5-10% b. 25-30% c. 15-20% d. 35-40%

15-20%

What demographic are these traits describing? - Media savvy - Individualistic - Largely white - Indulgent - Nationalistic - Principled

Baby Boomers

]Who is building the next generation of smart cities and how?

Bill Gates, Elon Musk and Google

Will autonomous vehicles likely increase or decrease the demand for parking in downtowns? a. Decrease b. Increase c. Keep it about the same

Decrease

what is e-government

E-government is the use of information technology to support government operations, engage citizens, and provide government services.

What is the primary source of electricity generation in California? a. Nuclear b. Wind & Solar c. Natural gas d. Coal

Natural Gas

Do we need wholesale infrastructure investment or change before AVs can work on our roads? a. No one knows at this point b. No c. Yes

No

Are AVs the same as "Connected Vehicles"? a. Yes, all AVs are connected vehicles and all connected vehicles are AVs. b. No, 'Connected' simply means a vehicle that can connect with devices in the car (for example, a smartphone), to external networks (via the internet) and with other vehicles around them.

No, 'Connected' simply means a vehicle that can connect with devices in the car (for example, a smartphone), to external networks (via the internet) and with other vehicles around them.

Highest energy use source in US residential sector?

Space heating

In the US, what is the single largest residential use of energy? a. Lighting b. Space cooling c. Space heating d. Water heating

Space heating

A type of AI that learns by using a labelled data set of inputs and outputs is .... Supervised learning Unsupervised learning

Supervised

T/F : Deep Learning uses a Neural Network to imitate animal intelligence.

T

T/F: With Google Lens, when pointing the device's camera at a Wi-Fi label containing the network name and password, it will automatically connect to the Wi-Fi source that has been scanned.

T

What did the French philosopher, Michel Foucault, mean by "the prisoner of a panopticon is an object of information, never a subject in communication."? - The inmate polices other inmates. - The prisoner is seen, but he does not see. - The watchtower at the heart of the panopticon does not communicate with the prisoners. - Prisoners better conduct when they can see watchman.

The prisoner is seen, but he does not see.

What is AI solutionism?

This is the philosophy that, given enough data, machine learning algorithms can solve all of humanity's problems. - not actually true, AI cannot solve all problems

Why yearly U.S. solar installation dropped from 2016 to 2017? a. Uncertainty about the continuation of ITC policy in 2015 b. The expiration of ITC policy in 2016 c. lower price of fossil fuels in 2017 d. higher cost of solar in 2017

Uncertainty about the continuation of ITC policy in 2015

How does an autonomous vehicle make a map of its environment? a. Accesses online maps (such as Google Maps) b. Uses LiDAR, radar and cameras c. Constructs a path planning algorithm d. Communicates with a centralized controller

Uses LiDAR, radar and cameras

How does an autonomous vehicle assess the location of a moving object? a. Uses a 3-D model to simulate the path of moving objects based on their type. b. They currently cannot deal with moving objects and can only assess static objects. c. Uses a probabilistic model to predict the future path of moving objects based on their shape and prior trajectory.

Uses a probabilistic model to predict the future path of moving objects based on their shape and prior trajectory.

How much we consume energy in U.S? How is it different from the rest of world in terms of renewable energy?

We use mostly fossil fuels. Less renewables than China (we have 15%, they have 25%)

It is less likely that Google knows which of these items about you?

What will you name your first child

8 ways AI can save the planet

1: Autonomous vehicles 2: distributed energy grids 3: smart ag and food systems 4: next generation weather and climate 5: smart disaster response 6: AI designed cities 7: Digital earth 8: reinforcement for science breathroughs

We produce 5 exabytes every .... a. day b. year c. 2 year d. 2 day

2 days

3 revolutions in urban transportation

20th century technology, electrification/automation, sharing

What % of US jobs may be prone to automation in 20 years?

47%

How does California consume energy?

50% natural gas 28% renewables (higher than the rest of country)

What percentage of manufacturing job loss in America from 2000 to 2010 was because of technology? 13 55 95 85

85

Which statement is true? a. American core cities are growing slower than suburbs b. Baby boomers are still in the majority in the American work force. c. Millennial compared to Baby Boomers are more individualistic, nationalistic, principled and media savvy. d. A decade ago, suburbs were growing faster than core cities in America.

A decade ago, suburbs were growing faster than core cities in America

WHAT IS AN "AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE"? a. A fully autonomous vehicle is capable of completing journeys safely and efficiently, with a driver only as a backup supervisor, in all situations, including severe traffic, road and weather conditions. b. A fully autonomous vehicle is capable of completing journeys safely and efficiently, with a driver only as a backup supervisor, in all normally encountered traffic, road and weather conditions. c. A fully autonomous vehicle is capable of completing journeys safely and efficiently, without a driver, in all situations, including severe traffic, road and weather conditions. d. A fully autonomous vehicle is capable of completing journeys safely and efficiently, without a driver, in all normally encountered traffic, road and weather conditions.

A fully autonomous vehicle is capable of completing journeys safely and efficiently, without a driver, in all normally encountered traffic, road and weather conditions.

Which statement is TRUE about panopticon? - People in the cells are always under observation - Panopticon prisons were never built. - People in the cells aren't able to see the watchman.

C

What are the four stages of the technology adoption life-cycle?

Early Adopters Early Majority Late Majority Laggards

In August, what is the major source of energy in the U.S. residential sector? a. Renewable energy b.Natural Gas c.Electricity d. Petroleum

Electricity

What are the 3 layers in a neural network?

Input Layer Hidden Layer Output Layer

In Denmark, how is wind power affecting the performance of the grid? a. It is decentralizing the system b. It is causing problems with reliability c. It is causing more power to be used d. It is resulting in significantly cheaper power

It is decentralizing the system

code for america

Jennifer Pahlka. nonprofit project which aims to import the efficiency of the Web into government infrastructures" and "[tries] to make working in government fun and creative

How does a neural network work?

Like animals, our estimator AI's brain has neurons. They are represented by circles. These neurons are inter-connected. The neurons are grouped into three different types of layers: - Input Layer - Hidden Layer(s) - Output Layer The input layer receives input data. In our case, we have four neurons in the input layer: Origin Airport, Destination Airport, Departure Date, and Airline. The input layer passes the inputs to the first hidden layer. The hidden layers perform mathematical computations on our inputs. One of the challenges in creating neural networks is deciding the number of hidden layers, as well as the number of neurons for each layer. The "Deep" in Deep Learning refers to having more than one hidden layer. The output layer returns the output data. In our case, it gives us the price prediction.

Which city is using Personal Rapid Transit? a. Masdar b. None c. Songdo d. Google development in Toronoto e. Bill Gates' city in Arizona

Masdar

Will Denmark use more or less electricity in the future? a. Less b. about the same c. More

More

Why the market value of tech companies are exponentially increasing? a. More Americans are using tech products b. More American institutions are adopting tech products c. People are spending more time on the internet d. More people globally are getting access to internet and other tech products

More people globally are getting access to internet and other tech products

What is a key message of the previous video on location tracking?

People should be empowered to understand their privacy rights over their personal location data, and ask government to be transparent about the use of location data

Which of the following socio-economic revolutions was the latest? a. Post War Suburb b. Agricultural Revolution c. Early Industrial Revolution d. Urban Industrial

Post War Suburb

Who will own the AVs? a. Primarily private ownership b. Unpredictable c. Primarily private ownership and shared use. d. Primarily large corporations and public ownership.

Primarily private ownership and shared use

When should we approve the use of autonomous vehicles on public streets? a. In the year 2020 b. When the technology has been shown that it cannot fail c. When they are superior to average human drivers d. When they reach level 3 automation

When they are superior to average human drivers

In a vehicle-to-grid system, what does an electrical vehicle essentially become? a. Useless b. a battery c. Free d. a network

a battery

What is the Panopticon?

a circular prison with cells arranged around a central well, from which prisoners could at all times be observed. Relate that back to digital technology, never know when you are being watched

Code for America

a new nonprofit project... which aims to import the efficiency of the Web into government infrastructures" and "[tries] to make working in government fun and creative

Which concept was not part of the Songdo plan? a. Video conference b. autonomous vehicles c. Having a big central park d. Sensors for energy control

autonomous vehicles

What makes the electric grid, smart? a. Digital technology that allows the grid operation computers to function independently and solar energy technology that allows for the production of de-centralized energy. b. Digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines.

b. Digital technology that allows for two-way communication between the utility and its customers, and the sensing along the transmission lines.

What is digital panopticon

based around the idea that inmates are under constant surveillance, or at least are never able to know when they are being watched

What will a smart dishwasher do? a. Use less electricity than a "dumb" one b. Decide how best to wash the dishes c. Schedule wash times to use the cheapest electricity d. Learn consumer preferences for dishwashing

c

What are the ways of mass surveillance?

cameras, drones

Moore's law is the observation that the number of available data doubles approximately every two years. t/f

f - its that processing power will double every two years

Which sector is the slowest sector in adopting technology? a. Government b. Healthcare c. Security d. Business e. Education

government

What is deep learning?

one type of machine learning method. It allows us to train an AI to predict outputs, given a set of inputs. Both supervised and unsupervised learning can be used to train the AI.

What is one of the biggest hurdles to mass adoption of drones?

regulations to protect privacy

How much energy does the US consume compared to other countries?

second most behind China

An electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage. what is this

smart grid

what is Machine learning

the ability of a machine to learn using large data sets instead of hard coded rules.

E-services

the electronic delivery of government information, programs, and services often (but not exclusively) over the Internet

E-commerce

the electronic exchange of money for goods and services such as citizens paying taxes and utility bills, renewing vehicle registrations, and paying for recreation programs, or government buying supplies and auctioning surplus equipment

what is AI

the replication of human intelligence in computers.

What is unsupervised learning?

the task of machine learning using data sets with no specified structure. When you train an AI using unsupervised learning, you let the AI make logical classifications of the data.

E-democracy

the use of electronic communications to increase citizen participation in the public decision-making process

E-management

the use of information technology to improve the management of government, from streamlining business processes to maintaining electronic records, to improving the flow and integration of information

E-government

the use of information technology to support government operations, engage citizens, and provide government services.

T/F: Street clutter can be virtually eliminated, as AVs will not need to gather information from the roadside. In a zone designed and built for AVs from the outset, direction signs, speed limit signs and traffic lights will no longer be required. Visibility splays can be reduced and intersections can be simplified.

true

What is supervised learning?

using labelled data sets that have inputs and expected outputs. When you train an AI using supervised learning, you give it an input and tell it the expected output.

What type of data accounts for the majority of internet traffic? a. Email b. Newsgroups c. Video d. Web e. Telnet

video