CSC 2250 Final Study Guide
planning
"Should the existing system be replaced?" is a question that is asked during the _____ stage of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
analysis
"What are the requirements of the current system's end users?" is a question asked during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
maintenance and evolution
The last step in the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) is _____.
Physical design
_____ is the process of determining the data storage organization and data access characteristics of the database to ensure its integrity, security, and performance.
Information
_____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts.
Metadata
_____ provide a description of the data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the data found within the database.
field
A _____ is a character or group of characters that has a specific meaning.
file
A _____ is a collection of related records.
record
A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing.
module
A ______ is an information system component that handles a specific business function, such as inventory, orders, or payroll.
data model
A designer must have a thorough understanding of the company's data types, extent, and uses in order to develop an accurate __________.
single-user
A desktop database is a _____ database.
entity
A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
relationship
A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.
multiuser
A workgroup database is a(n) _____ database.
enterprise
A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments.
workgroup
A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization.
data definition language (DDL)
A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components.
DBMS
A(n) _____ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.
class
A(n) _____ is a collection of similar objects with a shared structure and behavior.
entity
A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored.
relationship
A(n) _____ is bidirectional.
attribute
A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system.
application
A(n) _____ might be written by a programmer or it might be created through a DBMS utility program.
model
A(n) _____'s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment.
query
A(n) ______ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.
database
A(n) _________ is a carefully designed and constructed repository of facts that is a part of a larger whole known as an information system.
business rule
A(n) ___________ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization.
good decision making
Accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to ____.
documentation
After testing is concluded, the final _________ is reviewed and printed and end users are trained.
semistructured
An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data.
planning
An initial assessment of the information flow-and-extent requirements must be made during the _______ portion of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
schema
An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.
modules
Because real-world database design is generally done by teams, the database design is probably divided into major components known as ________.
implementation
Coding, testing, and debugging are part of the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
the data always yields consistent results.
Data is said to be verifiable if:
operational databases
Data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____.
attribute
Each column in a relation represents a(n) _______.
tuple
Each row in a relation is called a(n) ______.
raw facts of interest to the end user
End-user data is _____.
business rules
From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined _____.
database design
In DBLC, the phase after the database initial study is _____.
differential backup
In a(n) _____, only the objects that have been updated or modified since the last full backup are backed up.
hierarchical
In the _____ model, each parent can have many children, but each child has only one parent.
hierarchical
In the _____ model, the basic logical structure is represented as an upside-down tree.
network
In the _____ model, the user perceives the database as a collection of records in 1:M relationships, where each record can have more than one parent.
distributed database design
In the context of the database design process, the conceptual design step that defines the fragmentation and allocation strategy is _____.
Database Life Cycle
Making sure that the final product meets user and system requirements is the most critical _________ phase.
semistructured
Most data that can be encountered are best classified as _____.
relational data model
MySQL is an example of the _____.
provide fault tolerance.
NoSQL databases:
database administrator
Once the data has been loaded into the database, the _____ tests and fine-tunes the database for performance, integrity, concurrent access, and security constraints.
hierarchical
One of the limitations of the _____ model is that there is a lack of standards.
operation
Producing the required information flow is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).
formatted
Raw data must be properly _________ for storage, processing and presentation.
database design
Selecting database management system (DBMS) software is part of the _____ phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC).
many-to-many
Students and classes have a _____ relationship.
data dictionary
The DBMS uses the ____________ to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program.
object-oriented
The _____ data model is said to be a semantic data model.
object-oriented
The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance.
external
The _____ model is the end users' view of the data environment.
entity relationship
The _____ model uses the term connectivity to label the relationship types.
entity relationship
The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text.
conceptual design
The ______________ stage uses data modeling to create an abstract database structure that represents real-world objects in the most realistic way possible.
implementation
The database contents are loaded during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
collection of files
The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____.
identify, analyze, and refine the business rules
The first step in developing the conceptual model using ER diagrams is to _____.
installing the DBMS
The implementation and loading phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.
CASE-produced
The implementation of _____ applications tends to prolong the operational life of systems by making them easier to update and maintain.
analysis
The logical systems design is created during the _____ phase of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
its expected use
The organization of data within folders in a manual file system is determined by _______.
systems development
The process of creating an information system is known as _____.
query result set
The response of the DBMS to a query is the ___________
database system
The term _____ refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment.
islands of information
The term ______________ refers to scattered locations storing the same basic data.
five
The traditional Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is divided into _____ phases.
They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers.
Which of the following is true of business rules?
They enhance the user's ability to understand the data.
Which of the following is true of spreadsheet applications?
Data redundancy
Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren't updated consistently?
UML
____ is a language based on OO concepts that describes a set of diagrams and symbols used to graphically model a system.
Constraints
_____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity.
Constraints
_____ are normally expressed in the form of rules.
Structured data
_____ are the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use and generation of information.
Unstructured
_____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.
Unstructured
_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.
Data inconsistency
_____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.
Data integrity
_____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions.
Knowledge
_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.
Performance tuning
_____ relates to the activities that make the database execute transactions more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.
DBMSs
_____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database.
In-memory databases
_______ refers to a type of database that stores most of its data in RAM rather than in hard disks.
Information
________ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.
Metadata
_________ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed.
Audit trails
____________ are usually provided by the database management system (DBMS) to check for access violations.
Data redundancy
____________ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.
Diskless workstations
______________ allow end users to access the database without being able to download the information from their workstations.
Physical design
______________ could become a very technical job that affects not only the accessibility of the data in the storage device(s) but also the performance of the system.
Data inconsistency
______________ exists when different and conflicting versions of the same data appear in different places.
