CSCE 101 Exam 1
The industry standard for LANs
Ethernet
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
ISP
Internet Service Providers
The internet is a
WAN
Name and describe three technologies for connecting a home computer to the internet.
*Phone modems convert computer data into an analog audio signal for transfer over a phone line, then converts it back to data. *Digital subscriber lines is an internet connection made by using a digital signal on regular phone lines. *Cable modems allow computer networks to communicate using the cable TV hookup in a home.
When we visit a website, we actually bring the site to us
True
Write the HTML statement that inputs the image on file "mine.gif" into the web page.
<img scr = "mine.gif">
What is a Java applet?
A Java applet is a Java program designed to be embedded in an HTML document, transferred over the Web, and executed in a browser.
What is a Uniform Resource Locator?
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the standard way of specifying the location of a web page
Compare a database with a database management system.
A database is a structured set of data. A database management system is a software system made up of the database, a database engine (for manipulating the database), and a database schema that provides the logical view of the database
What is a database schema?
A database schema is the specification of the logical structure of a database
What is a field (attribute) in a database?
A field is a single value in a database record. A field represents one aspect or attribute of the item in a database.
What is a link?
A link is a connection between one web page and another.
What is a markup language? Where does the name come from?
A markup language is one that uses tags to identify the elements in a document and indicate how they should be displayed. The name comes from the idea of taking a document and writing (marking up) the document with tags that say how to display it.
What is a metalanguage?
A metalanguage is a language used to define other languages
Define the word protocol and explain how it is used in computing
A protocol is a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette and procedure (as in a diplomatic exchange). Computing terminology has borrowed the word to describe the correct etiquette for computers to use when communicating with one another.
Describe the general organization of a relational database
A relational database is organized around the concept of a table. Both data and relationships are represented in tables
what is a router
A router is a network device that directs a packet between networks.
What is a tag attribute? Give an example.
A tag attribute is part of a tag that gives extra information. <img src = "picture.jpg"> is an example. The tag is img for image, and the attribute is src for source of image, which is followed by the name of a file containing the image in quotes.
Distinguish between an HTML tag and an attribute.
A tag is a syntactic element in a markup language that indicates how information should be displayed. An attribute is part of a tag that gives additional information about it.
What is a web page?
A web page is a document that contains or references various kinds of data such as text, images, graphics, and programs.
What is a website?
A web site is a collection of related web pages usually designed and controlled by the same person or company.
What is an ER diagram
An ER diagram is a graphical representation of an Entity-relationship model, which is a technique for design relational databases.
Define the word abstraction and relate it to the drawing in figure 1.2
An abstraction is a mental model that removes complex details. An abstraction lets the viewer see only those details that are relevant to the user's view. An engine is a mental model of a car from the builder or mechanic's view. The cockpit is the mental model for an ordinary driver, who does not have to know the details of the engine in order to drive the car.
Distinguish between an assembler and a compiler
An assembler translates assembly-language programs into machine code. A compiler translates programs in a high-level language into either assembly-language programs or machine-language programs.
Who designed the first mechanical machine that included memory?
Babbage
What kinds of restrictions are put on Java applets? Why?
Because a Java applet is executed on the user's machine, it must be transmitted from the web server. Also the user's computer may not have a resource that the applet needs. Thus only relatively small programs using very standard resources are appropriate.
How and HTML and XML alike and how are they different?
Both HTML and XML used tagged data. The tags that HTML uses are predefined, both in terms of syntax and semantics. XML is a metalanguage that defines new markup languages. An XML document is written using tags, which are then defined in the accompanying Document Type Definition
Ethernet uses ___
Bus topology
Who was Ada Lovelace's father?
Byron
Phone modems and digital subscriber lines use the same kind of phone line to transfer data. Why is DSL so much faster than phone modems?
DSL uses digital transfer while phone modem uses analog transfer
DTD
Document Type Definitions
A spreadsheet is ____ in that it responds to changes in the data by immediately updating all affected values.
Dynamic
XML
Extensible Markup Language
XSL
Extensible Stylesheet Language
FORTRAN and COBOL were two high-level languages defined during the second generation of computer software. Compare and contrast these languages in terms of their history and their purpose.
FORTRAN was written at IBM for use in solving scientific and engineering problems. It was not formally designed and has grown greatly over the years. COBOL was design by a team for business applications and has been relatively stable.
Log in to a remote computer system
FTP
Transfer files to and from another computer
FTP
A cell in a spreadsheet can contain only raw data
False
A circular reference in a spreadsheet is a powerful and useful situation
False
A range of cells can be specified that go horizontally or vertically, but not both
False
E-commerce is the process of keeping financial records, such as accounts payable, online
False
Most search engines use a context-based approach for finding candidate pages
False
Network communication was not possible until the advent of the Web
False
The hierarchical model is the most popular database management model today
False
The physical database represents the logical structure of the data in a database
False
Two organizations cannot have the same name for a computer.
False
What-if analysis can only affect one value at a time in a spreadsheet
False
The computer that is set up to respond to web requests is a web browser
False (its a web server)
A cookie is a program that is executed on your computer.
False (most use key word matching)
A spreadsheet function is a program that the user writes to compute a value
False (they are built into the software)
A node that handles communication between its LAN and other networks
Gateway
Tags in _________ are fixed
HTML
Describe the syntax of an HTML tag
HTML tags are composed of reserved words enclosed in angled brackets (<...>). Some reserved words are used in pairs with the second one preceded by a /.
Exchange of World Wide Web documents
HTTP
Who is associated with IBM?
Hollerith
Who proposed that a punched card be used for counting the census?
Hollerith
What is a horizontal rule? What are they useful for?
Horizontal rules are lines across a page. They are useful for separating sections of a page.
What is a key in a relational database table?
In a relational database, every record in a table must be uniquely identified. The field or combination of fields that are used to uniquely identify records in a table is called the key field.
SGML
Standard Generalized Markup Language
________ runs on the web server
JSP scriptlet
Who developed the concept of punched holes used in weaving cloth?
Jacquard
A program designed to be embedded into an HTML document
Java applet
_________ runs on the Web browser.
Java applet
Star topology is a ____ configuration
LAN
Who built the first mechanical machine that did addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division?
Leibniz
Who edited Babbage's work?
Lovelace
Who was considered the first programmer?
Lovelace
Formal of email attachments
MIME type
Distinguish between machine language and assembly language
Machine language is the language that is built into the electrical circuitry of a computer. Assembly language is a language made up of mnemonic codes that represent machine-language instructions. Programs written in assembly language are translated into machine language programs by a computer program called an assembler.
Why was Mosaic important?
Mosaic was the first graphics-capable browser. It ushered in the world of user-friendly browsers such as Netscape, Internet Explorer, and Firefox.
Discuss the browser wars
Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer were the big competing user-friendly browsers. Microsoft's IE was bundled with the Window's operating, giving IE the edge, which led to a monopoly lawsuit. However, the damage was done and IE was the winner.
What is the seven-layer logical breakdown of network interaction called
OSI model
Explain the term packet switching
Packets take different routes to reach their destination. As an effect, they arrive in a different order. Packet switching puts them back in order
What french mathematician built and sold the first gear-driven mechanical machine that did addition and subtraction?
Pascal
A spreadsheet formula may operate on a ____ of cells, such as C4..C18
Range
Transfer of electronic mail
SMTP
The syntactic element in a markup language that indicates how information should be displayed
Tag
The values in a spreadsheet can be formatted in a variety of ways
True
What is the difference between the Internet and the Web?
The Internet is a wide area network that spans the earth. The Web is the infrastructure of distributed information and network software that lets us use the Internet more easily.
What is the Internet?
The Internet is a wide-area network spanning the globe
What is the Web?
The Web is an infrastructure of distributed information combined with the software that uses networks as a vehicle to exchange that information.
What are the two sections of every HTML document?
The head of the document and the body of the document.
What was the rationale behind the development of operating systems?
The human operator was too slow. Computers were idle while the human prepared the next program to be run. The computer has the speed to organize itself.
The values in the key fields of a table uniquely identify a record among all other records in the table
True
A database engine often interacts with a particular language for accessing and modifying the database
True
A database table is a collection of records, and a record is a collection of fields
True
A query is a request to a database for information
True
A spreadsheet is useful for performing what-if analysis
True
A weblog can serve as a online publication for "citizen journalists."
True
A weblog is the same thing as a blog.
True
All elements associated with a particular web page are brought over when a request for that web page is made.
True
Networks have been used to connect computers since the 1950s.
True
Some top-level domains are based on the country in which the registering organization is based.
True
The Web was developed in the mid-1990s.
True
The results of a query can be structured in many ways
True
You must have a web browser in order to access the Web
True
a database engine is software that supports access to the database contents
True
Who would have been mentioned in the book the Code Breakers?
Turing
Part of a _________ is the host name of the computer on which the information is stored
URL
Uniquely identifies every web page
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
What constitutes systems software?
Utility programs such as loaders and linkers, operating systems, and language translators are systems software.
A network that connects other networks
WAN
Describe how a web page is retrieved and viewed by a web user
When a web address is specified in a browser, the browser sends a request to that site. The site receiving the request sends the page and all associated information back to be displayed in the browser.
Distinguish between assembly language and high-level languages.
Whereas assembly language is a language made up of mnemonic codes that represent machine-language instructions, high-level languages use English-like statements to represent groups of assembly-language statements or machine-language statements. There is a one-to-one correspondence between statements in an assembly language and the statements they represent in machine language. There is a one-to-many correspondence between high-level statements and the corresponding machine-language statements.
Tags in _________ are not predefined
XML
The structure of an ________ document is described by its corresponding Document Type Definition (DTD).
XML
_________ is a metalanguage
XML
What is XML?
XML is a metalanguage that is used to define other markup languages
To what does the word node (host) refer
any device on a network
A ____ reference occurs when the result of one formula is ultimately based on another, and vice versa.
circular
How are computers connected together?
connected by wires, cables, or via wireless
The Internet and the Web are essentially two names for the same thing.
false
A ____ contains a single data value
field
What is a protocol stack, and why is it layered?
layers of protocols that build and rely on each other
What is a P2P network?
peer-to-peer model has a decentralized approach that shares resources among many "peer" computers
What role do ISPs play with the three technologies in Exercise 38?
phone modems digital subscriber lines cable modems
The database ____ is the specification of the logical structure of the data in the database
schema
what is a top-level domain name?
the last section of a domain name, specifying the type of organization or its country of origin
what is a domain name?
the part of a hostname that specifies a specific organization or group
A spreadsheet should be set up so that changes to the data are automatically reflected in any cells affected by that data
true
The cardinality of a relationship puts restrictions on the number of relationships that can exist at one time
true
The dot-com collapse promoted electronic commerce
true
an entity-relationship (ER) diagram represents primary database elements in a graphical form
true