CST 110 CHP. 7
What are the are four primary purposes for which we use listening?
1) Listening for appreciation 2) Listening for comprehension 3) Listening to show support 4) Critical listening
What are the 6 common misconception about listening?
1) Listening is the same as hearing 2) I'm a good listener 3) Effective Listening Is Hard to Learn 4) Intelligent People Are Better Listeners 5) Older People Are Better Listeners 6) Women Are Better Listeners than Men
What are 6 different forms of nonlistening?
1) Pseudolistening 2) Glazing Over 3) Ambushing 4) Prejudging 5) Selective Listening 6) Advising
What are the 6 guidelines for Dialogic Listening?
1) Stop Talking 2) Make Listening a Goal 3) Remove Distractions 4) Listen for Ideas 5) Listen to the Nonverbals and Content 6) Focus on Agreement and Not Disagreement
How can you be a better listener?
1.) take listening seriously 2.) be an active listener= giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speakers point of view 3.) resist temptations 4.) don't be diverted by appearance or delivery 5.) suspend judgement 6.) focus your listening- main points, evidence, & technique 7.) develop note-taking skills
What type of listening is this an example of? We might be watching a murder mystery or someone may be telling us a very engaging story about a trip they just took, and we pay those messages a great deal of attention because we want to understand or evaluate what is being relayed to us. ____listening for comprehension or criticism would involve paying attention so you completely understand what is said and can either integrate it into your own body of knowledge (comprehension) or determine whether you agree with what was proposed or not (criticism). For example, you might be transitioning into a new position and thus you need to listen to the details of your new job so you understand what you need to do. On the other hand, when we listen to political speeches, we might try and focus on the proposal and how it might impact our own life so we can make a judgment regarding whether or not we support the candidate's idea
Active listening
When listening to a political candidate outlining his or her plan for leadership, which type of listening is utilized?
Active listening
Sally asked to talk with her friend Maria about an incident at work. After talking for less than a minute, Maria interrupted and said, "You should go to HR immediately and report this incident." This is an example of ________.
Advising
Advising is when you ignore the strengths of the other person's position and focus on your ideas. True or False
False, ambushing
Why is listening not the same as hearing?
Has to do with difficulties concentrating. Listening is a skill that can be developed and improved through practice and effort.
Why is listening to the nonverbals and content important?
How someone says something can be just as important as what they say or do not say, so listening for tone, rate, and pitch and staying attuned to eye contact and other physical mannerisms can help you listen more closely to what the person is actually saying.
What type of listening is this an example of? listening to music while driving or working out, listening to dialogue in a movie or television show, listening to a comedian on the radio, and listening to a story told by a friend.
Listen for appreciation.
Listening to a professor explain a concept on an upcoming test. What is this listening an example of?
Listening for comprehension
What type of listening is this an example of? We engage in ____________ listening when we take a class and listen to a lecture, go through orientation with a new employer, and even when we meet someone new and they share information about themselves. This type of listening requires more mental effort than appreciative listening, and the goal is not necessarily enjoyment, but rather understanding.
Listening for comprehension
What type of listening is this an example of? The goal in this type of listening is to develop or maintain a relationship and to demonstrate how much we care about the other person. When we listen as someone tells us about her day, share in a friend's good news, or lend a sympathetic ear to someone who needs to vent about a tough situation, we are listening to ______ ____________ for that relationship.
Listening to show support.
Sammy listened to her mother carefully outline what events would take place throughout the week. She responded with a nod of her head and said, "yeah" several times in feedback to her mom. This is an example of ________.
Pseudolistening
Why is intelligent people are better listeners false?
Psychologist Howard Gardner criticisms of IQ tests on how they privilege only two types of knowledge acquisition over the many other ways people learn. emotional intelligence is important to listening. Those with high emotional intelligence are other-centered and consequently better listeners than those who cannot pay attention and respect the feelings and emotions of their audiences or conversational partners.6 So, emotional intelligence is related to listening ability, while intellect is not.
How can we listen better for ideas?
Rather than focusing on the first and last things a person says, we should try and listen for the ideas being presented and not the minute details surrounding those ideas. If you understand the ideas being presented, then you can understand the message even if you would use different words to express the same ideas.
This is the gap between the roughly ___ words a minute we can speak, and the ____ words per minute we can mentally process. The gap creates openings for our brains to do something else, thus leading to opportunities for glazing over or turning our internal attention to something else.
Spare brain time; 150, 650
Listening to the other person's message must be a conscious goal, and so we need to enter into interactions with a goal of listening to the other party. If we choose to spend time with another person, we should want to hear what the other person has to say, so we must work to be attentive and set a goal to listen well. This can be accomplished by making sure there are minimal distractions around when you are spending time with the person. Think about things like putting your phone away, stepping away from your computer, and even closing the door. True or False
True
True or False? Giving advice, for example, can be seen as face-threatening and the other person might become defensive. Asking questions about and/ or paraphrasing what you think they are saying can go a long way to making the best choice in your listening response.
True
True or False? This includes when we talk over people, interrupt them, and even finish sentences for them. These all involve you talking, and therefore not listening, to the other party. When we speak, we are not listening to the other person, and when we speak a lot, we are both not giving the impression we care about the perspective of the other and also not providing them with the opportunity to share their thoughts. Being aware of the amount of time you spend talking and making a conscious effort to allow others to speak and finish their thoughts is a cornerstone of dialogue. So, the first, most basic guideline for listening effectively is to stop talking.
True
Why is the notion of older people are better listeners false?
With age comes habits, and these can be either good or bad. If we practice good listening skills earlier in life and incorporate them into our communicative repertoire, then we will be better listeners as we get older. If, however, we practice poor listening skills, those habits will be difficult to break as we get older. Put simply, age has little to do with our listening skills.
Why is woman are better listeners than man false?
Women have reported that they listen more in a people-oriented way than men, meaning they listen with the intention of making a connection with the other person. Men have reported that when they listen to messages, they are more content-oriented instead of people-oriented, which leads them to listen to more of the substance of a message versus the emotions or relationship elements. So, while men and women might listen with different orientations, neither approach is necessarily objectively better than the other.
What are 2 ways we listen?
active and passive listening
What type of listening is this an example of? When we listen ______, we also are open to disagreeing with a part or even all of a message, yet we take in everything offered by the other side before making our judgment. To do this requires the largest degree of cognitive effort of any listening purpose. We may listen _______ to a political speech, a proposal for weekend plans by friends, and sometimes lectures on controversial topics or materials.
critical listening
What is the 5th step of listening?
evaluating (E). This is where you make a judgment about the truth-value of a message. Here you make a distinction between opinion and fact,
What type of process of listening is this an example of? For example, your mother says, "Take out the trash." Depending on her tone of voice and eye contact, you might interpret her message as either forceful and directive or as tentative and questioning. It is important to consider at this stage if you automatically assume the meaning of someone's message or if you are carefully considering the specific cues in the conversation as well as cultural and contextual factors.
interpreting
What is the 4th step of listening?
interpreting (I). Here you take in all the cues (verbal and nonverbal) and make meaning out of them. Given the unique combination of cues in a situation, you will come to your interpretation of a person's message.
Rapport Talk
language meant to develop relationships and exchange emotional information
Listen for appreciation.
listening for enjoyment; it is not high in cognitive commitment.
Active listening
listening to a high degree of attention to a message. We process, store, and potentially evaluate the content of the message to reach conclusions or an understanding about what was said. We usually show that we are actively listening by using eye contact and facial expressions to respond to the message, and perhaps also by leaning in or nodding.
critical listening
listening to evaluate a message and access whether or not we agree to what is said; requires the most cognitive effort of any listening purposes
Listening for comprehension
listening to understand and learn something new; requires a significant degree of mental effort
Passive listening
listening without reacting to the topic in a noticeable way; trying to only absorb what is said. When we listen passively, we do not engage in much evaluation, nor do we question our own understanding of what is said.
Why it is important to focus on agreement vs disagreement?
look for places of agreement. You might not agree with every point, but if you can find some common ground, it is possible to build from there and perhaps eventually find a compromise. Listening for agreement also lets the other person know you are listening with an open mind and not simply seeking to shut down the person or make the person appear as though they are wrong. This creates a relaxed environment where people become more open to expressing their ideas and thoughts with each other. When we just look for disagreement, that is all we will find, and we will not be able to change minds or move to common ground. This tactic requires you to be patient, open, genuine, and critical all at the same time.
How can we remove distractions when listening?
move to a quiter space or room where distractions are at a minimum. If possible, changing the time of the meeting to one where you will be feeling better is a good course of action. Your own beliefs and attitudes can also prove to be significant impediments to listening effectively and accurately, so make sure you are in a positive frame of mind and willing to set aside personal biases to openly hear another person's message.
What type of listening is this an example of? Most listening for appreciation is ______listening, but you can also see examples of ______ listening for comprehension or criticism when you look around a classroom and see people who do not participate, take notes or ask questions about the content. ______ listening can be risky, because you elevate the chances of daydreaming and losing your ability to follow the speaker.
passive
Hearing
physiological process of capturing sound conducted by the ears to the brain
nonlistening
providing the appearance of listening without paying attention to the message
Men tend to communicate through ____ talk while women use _____ talk.
report, rapport
What is the 6th step of listening?
responding (R). At this point, the listener signals to the other person that they have received the message, or what is commonly called giving feedback. Responding can take many forms, both nonverbal and verbal, and can range from more passive responses (e.g., silence, nodding your head) to more active responses, such as giving advice or criticism. It is important to consider your responses to a given situation and try to "match" them to the other person's messages
HURIER model
the 6 steps of listening
Emotional intelligence
the ability a person has to assess, identify, and manage his or her own emotions, while also appreciating and responding to the emotions of others in a civil manner.
report talk
the exchange of information, solutions, and problem-solving strategies
Prejudging
the practice of entering an interaction with a judgement about what we believe will be said before the person has a chance to present it. This eliminates any potential for dialogue, understanding, or relationship building.
Pseudolistening
the practice of hiding our inattention by appearing to actually listen through nonverbal and verbal responses that make it appear as though we understand what is being said
Advising
the practice of interrupting a person to offer suggestions and opinions in an effort to be helpful even when they were not sought. we must only offer advice in these situations when the person actually seeks it, and to make that determination we must listen attentively and fully. Offering advice in this situation ignores their message and illustrates ineffective listening in the guise of offering support.
Selective Listening
we choose what the main points are in a message regardless of what the speaker says, creates the potential for miscommunication, disagreement, and confusion.
Ambushing
we focus only on the weaknesses of what the other person is saying and ignore the strengths of her or his position, thus we only hear what confirms our opinion. Sometimes we confuse ambushing with constructive criticism, but they are not the same because constructive criticism is offered in a way that takes the positive and negative dimensions of a position into account and does not focus solely on the weak points.
Glazing Over
when a person loses complete attention with what is going on around them and thinks about something else entirely; often staring in a different direction than the speaker.
Which of the following is an example of glazing over?
Andrew has stopped listening to what his professor is saying and is instead thinking about what he is going to get for lunch.
Jane read about the speaker before he came to campus to speak about "women's rights." She debated about whether to take the time to hear what he had to say, but decided to go anyway. This is an example of ________.
Prejudging
What is the 3rd step of listening?
The third step is remembering (R). You must be able to store information you gain through interaction as well as retrieve it later. we sometimes use "hacks" to help us in the future, like associating someone's name with an image (e.g., Drew with someone drawing a picture) or creating an acronym (e.g., the HURIER model is one!).
What is the first step of listening?
The first step in listening is taking in cues, or hearing (H). This is where the sounds or words are first experienced by the listener.
Listening
The process of receiving and interpreting spoken and/or nonverbal messages
what is the 2nd step of listening?
Understanding involves making sense of the cues we take in through our ears, eyes, or even fingers. We can't truly be listening unless we can understand the words a person is using, but we can try to by asking them questions and/or learning to speak their language.
Listening to show support.
When we listen to show support, we are listening to someone else because we want the other person to feel like they are valued and that we care about what this person has to say.
