Deaf Culture Ch. 3-4 Test

What does the acronym CODA stand for? Who are CODAs? How is their life different than Deaf children raised in a Deaf family?

(C)Children (O)Of (D)Deaf (A)Adults. This identifies children who are born into a family where a parent/parents are deaf. Due to this they are recognized as superior in areas of development such as education, communication skills etc. When on the other hand children who aren't born into a family of deaf parents don't learn how to fully be able to communicate which slows down and prevents them from learning and fully understanding things.

Categories of Deaf Identities Clearly, there is no one typical deaf person, nor a single identity that all deaf people share. Instead, there are at least seven different possible categories that one can ascribe to deaf people including?

-Balanced Bicultural- A deaf individual community member -Hearing Dominant Bicultural Deaf Person- a deaf individual community member -Deaf Dominant Bicultural- a deaf individual community member -Culturally Separated Deaf Person -Culturally Isolated Individual -Culturally Marginal Individual -Culturally Captive Individual

What are the five (5) stages of cultural awareness?

-Conformity -Dissonance -Resistance & Immersion -Introspection -Awareness

What are the three acceptable labels in Deaf community? (there are 3 answers)

-Deaf -Hard of Hearing -Late Deafened

What percent of deaf children are born to parents who are deaf?

10%

The five common labels are used to identify a person's status and affiliation within the Deaf community.

-Hearing-Impaired -Deaf -Hard-of-Hearing -Hearing -Hearing-BUT

Holcomb goes on to explore the relationship between Deaf people and their hearing family members using Dr. Jerome Schein's 90% formula. What does the 90% formula state? List 3 examples of this formula

1- 90% Of deaf children are born to hearing parents. 2- 90% Of Deaf children would prefer ASL as their main ways of communication. 3-90% of Deaf children will never be able to completely be able to fully orally speak to communicate.

A deaf person whose preferred mode of communication is verbal and auditory and/or speechreading Correct!

An oral Deaf person

Demographic data alone didn't show a clear picture of deaf and hard-of-hearing population in America. (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorder) How many people in the United States are classified as "hearing impaired?"

Approximately 17% of the population, or 36 million people in the United state can be classified "hearing impaired" which includes both deaf and hard of hearing.

Which of the three authors as they created a model of cultural awareness that indicates many members of minority and oppressed groups trying to achieve a positive sense of self. Deaf people made a comfortable and secure place for themselves within their own cultural groups and in the mainstream?

Atkinson, Morten, & Sue (1989)

____________ "...are individuals who are truly comfortable in both the Deaf and hearing communities. They are equally effective in their interactions with Deaf and hearing people and do not display a preference in terms of associating with one group or the other."

Balanced Bilingual

Who proposed that perhaps the "F" in Deaf should also be capitalized to reflect the fluidity of Deaf's bicultural lives where they move between both the Deaf and hearing worlds on a daily basics? Did this label widely use in the Deaf community?

Bauman in 2008 came up with this term of identification but this label is not used widely in the deaf community and is often unheard of.

Why do hearing people view deaf people as 'incomplete?'

Because they are unable to fully communicate orally and when seen as deaf it is considered a "loss"

The term _____ is defined to characterize individuals to use ASL as their primary mode of communication and identify with Deaf culture, and participate in the Deaf community.

Deaf

_______________ "...individuals function well around both Deaf and hearing people but, if given a choice, they would choose to be with Deaf people or, more specifically, people who can sign. However, they would invest time and energy to make their contacts with hearing people as effective as possible."

Deaf Dominant Bilingual

The ____________ journey that many undertake in search of a positive identity may contribute to an attitude of ableism. Who coined the word "________" to describe positive ways of being Deaf in spite of the discrimination and oppression, and to present a framework to understand our past, work within the present, and plan for the future. Deafhood appears negative for some hearing and even Deaf people.

Deafhood, Dr. Paddy Ladd

According to A Lens of Deaf Identities, why do Deaf people have a long and difficult journey achieving a positive identity?

Due to the oppression from hearing individuals and the stance that is immediately given in a medical sense to "fix" a deaf person which leads to a frustration.

The HEARING-BUT label by Deaf community is for hearing people who have a negative attitude toward Deaf people and a deep disrespect for Deaf culture. True or False

False

Most hearing parents of their deaf children and many professionals don't see the value of a solid Deaf identity... why

From medical perspectives labeling being deaf as a disability when it isn't at all, it is a linguistic minority. They view it as not being solid from not being able to orally communicate.

When do Deaf children who are born to Deaf families get their initial exposure to Deaf culture?

Immediately at Birth

why it is impossible for a deaf person to avoid an contact with hearing people?

It is impossible due to the fact that much of the world's society is primarily based on Hearing individuals and is made up of 90% of the population.

Who (1972) became the first scholar to propose the use of the capital "D." It is used for Deaf people use sign language for their primary mode of communication? Deaf individuals in the Deaf world should be designated with capitalized Deaf.

James Woodward

What is it that deaf people prefer this term as part of minority group?

Linguistic Minority. It recognizes that they are a community who's culture is based on the ASL language, not that they are disabled and are enabled to function in life.

Researchers (Baker-Shenk and Cokely) proposed a model illustrating four domains that Deaf people must satisfy in order to achieve a comfortable place in the Deaf community. What are those four domains?

Linguistic-he ability to communicate with sign language and how well one is able to. Political- Wide-scale range how certain rules are set out in the world that determine how deaf culture is viewed and learnt Social- If one is able to communicate within social settings with the deaf community Audiological- Determines how hearing impaired an individual is

Does every deaf person use sign language or participate in events and organizations sponsored by the Deaf community at all? If not, why?

No, because they became deaf later in life. Not every deaf person who identifies with the Deaf Community has a hearing loss in the severe or profound range.

Which of the two authors as they explain how hearing people view "VERY hard-of-hearing" individuals as being almost deaf, whereas Deaf people consider "VERY hard-of-hearing" as an appropriate label for those who hear almost as well as hearing people.

Padden & Humphries (1988)

There is a conflict between majority of medical professionals when it comes to learning sign language and having a cochlear implant and what research has shown. List three.

Research has shown that when given a cochlear implant it prevents the development that an individual can make when trying to learn how to communicate with ASL, it slows down their learning capabilities. When not given an implant they are able to fully grasp they are deaf and excel in learning and communicating. Also 90% of deaf people are born into hearing families that have no prior experience to deaf culture.

The five stages of cultural awareness Which stage, "..individuals from disenfranchised groups become determined to learn more about their cultural identity. They attempt to associate with people from their culture as much as possible. Also, during this stage, these individuals often become angry at the deception they were previously led to believe about others like them. Consequently, they shun contact with the mainstream culture because of the pain and self-hatred they experienced while growing up."

Resistance & Immersion

What does "hard of hearing" mean to Deaf people, and what does this term mean to hearing people?

To deaf people the term "hard of hearing" means that an individual isn't completely considered deaf as they still have residual hearing therefore they can still hear. For hearing person, they would consider this saying as being basically deaf when in reality they aren't.

A late deafened person who lost his hearing in his 50s or 60s would not identify with Deaf culture not participate in the Deaf community . True or False?

True

Do Federal and state governments have designated specific requirements in order for a Deaf person to receive services such as special education, vocational rehabilitation, or other agencies? Yes or No

Yes

Does the Deaf community accept the term, "hearing-impaired"? If not, why?

they don't feel impaired in any way. They want to be identified as Deaf.