DHN Exam 2 Study Guide

Bernard recently started following an exclusively plant-based diet. What is a possible concern to following such a diet?

Low intake of certain minerals, including zinc, iron, and calcium

Angela follows a vegetarian diet that includes milk and milk products and eggs, but no other animal foods. What type of vegetarian diet is Angela following?

Lactoovovegetarian

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

________ is the study of how nutrients affect the expression of a person's genome.

Nutrigenomics

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________.

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Starch

is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Juan has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

negative

When a person is in ________, their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses.

nitrogen equilibrium

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

peptide bond

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Florencia is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ________% of her total energy intake.

10 to 35

Which of the following statements is true?

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.

As of 2018, ________ million Americans were living with diagnosed diabetes.

26.8

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?

Alanine

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Cheese

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

Carrots and celery

Bryce is a pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

Chicken salad

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

Crab

A limiting amino acid is one that is found at low levels in complete proteins.

False

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

False

Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner

False

Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine.

False

The Human Genome Project was established to to identify the amino acids in human protein.

False

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?

Fructose

Which of the following plant foods is considered a source of complete protein?

Quinoa

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets?

Regular soft drinks

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

Which of the following statements is true?

Sucrose is a source of glucose.

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

True

In many parts of the world, insects are consumed as a source of high-quality protein.

True

Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk for COVID-19 and, if infected, are more likely to experience severe symptoms associated with the virus.

True

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.

True

Lydia is pregnant with her first child. Her recommended protein intake, based on the RDA, is increased during pregnancy. As such, Lydia needs to ensure she is including more protein in her daily diet.

True

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen was accidentally exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

anaphylaxis

The body uses proteins to make ________.

certain hormones

A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions.

conditionally essential

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects.

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

glucose

Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy.

glucose

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested

in the mouth.

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ________ fiber.

soluble

_______ is a severe form of undernutrition that occurs when a person experiences extreme weight loss due to lack of nutrients and energy in the diet.

Marasmus

The sweetener found in Equal is

aspartame.

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following except

reduced secretion of intrinsic factor.