Disorders and diseases of the skin

Malignant Melanoma

100% fatal if left untreated

What term refers to a Nevus

A birthmark

Tubercule

Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.

A rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of melanin pigment in the body is called ___.

Albinism

Harriet begins by asking Keshia for two remedies, one for blackheads and one for her whiteheads. Keshia explains that blackheads and whiteheads are quite similar, except that blackheads ____, while whiteheads ____.

Are open comedones, open at the surface and exposed to air; are closed comedones blocked with debris and white cells.

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. An overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones; often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center.

Gigi is a runner who has just completed a five mile run. She has just crossed the finish line and is sweating and breathing heavily. This was difficult race for Gigi because it was a very hot day. As a result of running through a wooded area, she also has several mosquito bites on her arms and legs which she has already been scratching. Under her arms, Gigi notices a mass of small red bumps that burn when she moves her arms back and forth. After a few moments Gigi takes off her running shoes and notices a foul smell. The foul odor Gigi notices after removing her running shoes is called. ______.

Bromhidrosis

Malignant

Cancerous

Carcinoma

Cancerous tissue

Skin cancer

Caused by damage to DNA

Recently, Alana noticed some patches of red itchy skin on her face. She made an appointment with her dermatologist and confirmed she could continue to go for facials and skin treatments. She makes an appointment with her esthetician, Isaiah, a few weeks later and since has forgotten what the condition was called. Isaiah takes this opportunity to counsel Alana that tans, which result from increased melanin production as a defense against UV rays, actually represent ____.

Cellular damage

ABCDE

Chances checklist used to evaluate skin cancer lesions

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Keshia continues to describe the common causes to acne including ____, which in Harriett's case, could be caused by excessive sebum production.

Clogged follicles

Cyst

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Because and treatment will take time to show results, Harriet plans to cover her blemishes using makeup in the meantime. Keshia advises her that foundations in particular contain ____ ingredients that can block follicles , leading to the formation of comedones.

Comedogenic

Fissure

Crack in the skin that penetrate the dermis

Dana is an esthetician at a spa. Her client Judith arrives for her facial treatment. However she is concerned about blemishes and lesions she has noticed on her face and arms. She asks dabs for advice on what treatments to use for these blemishes. As Dana examines Judith's face, Judith admits that she tends to pick at her acne blemishes. Dana counsels her that this could lead to the formation of ____.

Crust

Recently, Alana noticed some patches of red itchy skin on her face. She made an appointment with her dermatologist and confirmed she could continue to go for facials and skin treatments. She makes an appointment with her esthetician, Isaiah, a few weeks later and since has forgotten what the condition was called. Alana asks Isaiah about a patch of discolored skin on her arm. Isaiah explains that in general, abnormal pigmentation, known as ____, can be caused by internal and external factors, such as genetics and sun exposure.

Dyschromia

What is another name for a freckle.

Ephelid

Gigi is a runner who has just completed a five mile run. She has just crossed the finish line and is sweating and breathing heavily. This was difficult race for Gigi because it was a very hot day. As a result of running through a wooded area, she also has several mosquito bites on her arms and legs which she has already been scratching. Under her arms, Gigi notices a mass of small red bumps that burn when she moves her arms back and forth. After a few moments Gigi takes off her running shoes and notices a foul smell. As a result of scratching the modo with bites on her legs, Gigi has developed a(n) _____.

Excoriation

A closed comedo is a blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air.

False

A potential side effect of using Tretinoin (Retin-A) is increased oiliness.

False

Grade II acne is minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones and a few papules.

False

Retention hyperkeratosis is caused by stress.

False

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a malignant lesion frequently seen in oilier areas of the chest

False

Dana is an esthetician at a spa. Her client Judith arrives for her facial treatment. However she is concerned about blemishes and lesions she has noticed on her face and arms. She asks dabs for advice on what treatments to use for these blemishes. Judith also tells Dana that she typically has severely chapped skin, also known as ____, and asks her to be recommended to a moisturizer.

Fissures

Cystic acne is what grade is acne

Grade 4

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Specifically, Keshia determines that Harriet's blemishes are characteristic of grade ____ acne, due to the presence of many closed comedones, but more open comedones, with some papules and pustules.

Grade II acne

retention hyperkeratosis

Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

What is the term for over production of pigment

Hyperpigmentation

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Harriet mentions that since her flare up, she has been avoiding chocolate. Keshia explains that foods probably do not trigger acne directly. However, ____ in foods may irritate acne.

Iodides

Wheal

Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle.

Thick scars resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue are ____.

Keloids

Bulla

Large blister containing a watery fluid; similar to a vesicle but larger.

What term refers to structural changes in the tissues caused by damage or injury?

Lesions

Lesions

Mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

Dermatology

Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Gigi is a runner who has just completed a five mile run. She has just crossed the finish line and is sweating and breathing heavily. This was difficult race for Gigi because it was a very hot day. As a result of running through a wooded area, she also has several mosquito bites on her arms and legs which she has already been scratching. Under her arms, Gigi notices a mass of small red bumps that burn when she moves her arms back and forth. After a few moments Gigi takes off her running shoes and notices a foul smell. The small red bumps that burn when Gigi moves her arms back and forth are called ____.

Miliaria rubra

Basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often characterized by light or pearly nodules.

malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.

Benign

Not harmful

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. As an alternative, Keshia recommends lighter makeup formulas, such as ____, for Harriet's oily, acne prone skin.

Oil-in-water

Sebaceous filaments are often found where

On the nose

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Another factor contributing to clogged follicles is the size of the opening, or ____. Upon closer examination, Keshia determines that Harriet's may be too small for debris to escape.

Ostium

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Keshia informs Harriet that excess sebum production could also be irritating the follicles, causing inflammation and the formation of red inflamed lesions known as ____.

Papules

Papule

Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

actinic keratosis

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

Actinic keratosis

Precancerous lesion that feels sharp or rough

Primary lesions

Primary lesions are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.

What accompanies an ulcer, in addition to loss of skin depth?

Pus

Squamous cell carcinoma

Red or pink scaly papeles or nodules

Keratosis Pilaris

Redness and bumpiness in the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked follicles

What is the term for flaky skin cells, or any tiny thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily?

Scale

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Harriet is an athlete and asks Keshia is excess perspiration clogs sweat glands, leading to acne breakouts. Keshia explains that acne is a disorder of the ____, not the sweat or sudoriferous, glands.

Sebaceous glands

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Keshia observes that Harriet's skin is excessively oily, a condition known as ____, which is due to abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.

Seborrhea

What is crust an accumulation of?

Sebum and pus

Secondary lesions

Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

leukoderma

Skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches

Excoriation

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

Vesicle

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis.

Skin tag

Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

The pilosebaceous unit is the term for what

The ENTIRE follicle

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Harriet is relieved that Keshia is able to trace the cause of her acne to excess sebum production. Next, she focuses on a treatment, asking Keshia whether antibiotics can treat her acne flare up. While Keshia is not authorized to dispense medications, she explains that some bacteria can exacerbate acne; for example propionibacterium can proliferate blocked follicles because ____.

These bacteria are anaerobic and oxygen is absent in blocked follicles. Bacteria in the follicles are aerobic. When follicles are blocked with sebum and dead skin buildup, oxygen cannot reach the bottom of the follicle. This results in excessive propionibacterium proliferation.

Keloid

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue

Hyperkeratosis

Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinocytes

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Additionally, Keshia advises Harriet to avoid ____ to help prevent acne breakouts.

Touching her face

Comedogenic ingredients in cosmetics can block follicles and lead to comedones.

True

Millia are whiteish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible opening,and are often mistakenly called whiteheads.

True

Severe oiliness of the skin is called sebborrhea

True

squamous cell carcinoma

Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules.

Dana is an esthetician at a spa. Her client Judith arrives for her facial treatment. However she is concerned about blemishes and lesions she has noticed on her face and arms. She asks dabs for advice on what treatments to use for these blemishes. An open lesion with pus on Judith's arm catches Dana's attention. Dana recognizes the deep erosion as a(n) ____, and advises Judith to seek medical attention.

Ulcer

Vasodilation

Vascular dilation of the blood vessels

Dana is an esthetician at a spa. Her client Judith arrives for her facial treatment. However she is concerned about blemishes and lesions she has noticed on her face and arms. She asks dabs for advice on what treatments to use for these blemishes. Dana next turns to the lesions on Judith's arms. Dana learns that Judith is an avid gardener and was recently clearing an over grown area in her yard. Dana suspects that the small blisters on Judith's arms are ____, or fluid containing sacs that form on the skin after contact with poison ivy sap.

Vesicles

Recently, Alana noticed some patches of red itchy skin on her face. She made an appointment with her dermatologist and confirmed she could continue to go for facials and skin treatments. She makes an appointment with her esthetician, Isaiah, a few weeks later and since has forgotten what the condition was called. Isaiah continues, underscoring the importance of melanin to skin health. As an example, ____, a condition characterized by patchy areas of non pigmented skin due to a loss of melanocytes can worsen with sun exposure.

Vitiligo

Gigi is a runner who has just completed a five mile run. She has just crossed the finish line and is sweating and breathing heavily. This was difficult race for Gigi because it was a very hot day. As a result of running through a wooded area, she also has several mosquito bites on her arms and legs which she has already been scratching. Under her arms, Gigi notices a mass of small red bumps that burn when she moves her arms back and forth. After a few moments Gigi takes off her running shoes and notices a foul smell. The itchy, swollen lesions caused by Gigi's mosquito bites are called _____.

Wheals

Hives and mosquito bites are examples of ____.

Wheals

What causes tinea versicolor?

Yeast

Mole

a pigmented nevus

Harriett is an 18 year old high school senior. A few weeks before her senior prom, she experiences an acne flare up. She tries many over the counter remedies to reduce the blemishes without success. Desperate , she makes an appointment to see Keshia, an esthetician, in hopes of finding an acne solution before the big day. Keshia notes that as a high school senior preparing for her prom, Harriet's may be experiencing some stress, which might explain her acne flare-up. Keshia explains that stress can stimulate the ____ to produce more hormones, which leads to more oil production.

adrenal glands; oil production

Keratosis

any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

Psoriasis

chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales

Macular

flat, red spots on the skin

What is hypopigmentation

lack of pigment

Pustules

raised lesions with pus

What kind of disorder is rosacea

vascular disorder