DNA Task cards
Applying Chargaff's Rule Thymine = __ % Adenine = __ % Guanine = __ % Cytosine = __ %
- 30% - 30% - 20% - 20%
There are 4 different Nitrogen bases
- Adenine - Thymine - Cytosine - Guanine
Proteins called ___________ and __________ help to keep DNA coiled
- chromosomes - histones
Adenine and thymine have ____ bonds; cytosine and guanine have ____ bonds
- p - s
Each nucleotide has a _______, _______, and a __________ base
- phosphate - sugar - nitrogen
The two sides of the ladder of DNA are made of alternating _______ and _________
- sugar - phosphate
Rosalind Franklin use a process known as _________ to make images of DNA that helped reveal the structure of DNA
- x-ray diffraction
Summarize you TWO favorite facts:
1 - Every human being shares 99% of the same DNA 2 There are actually 3 billion
Label: (1) - /2\ - _________ - [ 4] ______ \__/ |___3____| - [5] _______________ \ \ _______________ [6] [7]
1 - phosphate 2 - sugar 3 - base 4 - thynine 5 - cytosine 6 - adenine 7 - Guanine
What are the base pairing rules?
A goes to T
The rungs (steps) of the ladder are made of a par of bases
A-T or C-G
Base Pairing Rules
Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine Guanine - Cytosine Thymine - Adenine
What were the results of the human genome project?
All genes
Eukaryotic vx. Prokaryotic DNA
Eukaryotic is multi cell and Prokaryotic is single cell
True or False: Purines only bond with pyrimidines and vice versa
FALSE
why do we study DNA
Its central importance to all life on EArth - medial benefits such as cures for diseases - bioengineering better crops - Forensics (DNA blueprinting)
Purines and Pyrimidines
Purines = Adenine & Guanine Pyrimidines = Thymine & Cytosine
What is the difference between purine and pyrimidines?
Pyrimidines have a six-member nitrogen containing ring while purine consists of five-membered ring plus a six membered nitrogen-containing rings that are stuck together
Waston & Crick
They discovered DNA and stole research from Franklin
DNA's shape is described as
Twisted ladder
The shapes of the _______ cause the bases to pair in a certain wasy
bases
Each side of the molecule is _________________ to the other side
complimentary
DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleicacid
Watson and Crick used the knowledge from Chargaff and Franklin to conclude that DNA must look like a long, twisted ladder called a
double helix
__________ are found between nitrogen bases
hydrogen
Then function of DNA
it carries genes of oraganisms
Relationship among DNA and amino acids
it creates protein
James Watson and Francis Crick were the first scientist to _______ in 1953
model DNA
DNA is a
nucleic acid
DNA is made up of individual units called
nucleotides
DNA is found within the _________ of cells
nucleus
Rosalind Franklin
she discovered DNA using a x-ray machine
Rosalind Franklin pictures of DNA suggested it was a ______ shaped
spiral
DNA is coiled into _________
structures
Chargaff's Rule
the process in which phase pair up
What is human genome?
to discover all genes