EAPP
Practically
A research paper cannot be made up of pure direct quotation.
Evaluation
Assess the quality of those various parts.
Where should you put the thesis statement?
At the end of the introduction or the first paragraph
Background
Discusses the paper without sides
Strong-author orientation or Author prominent
Dr. James (1994) state's that "________" (p.122)
Division
Each heading should be divided into two or more parts.
Impersonal construction
clausal construction in which no subject is realized, or at least no referential subject.
Academic Text
▪️A product of communication or piece of language used for academic purposes. ▪️is discipline-specific. ▪️uses formal language.
References
▪️Establishes credibility and reliability. ▪️Helps ease the search for more information on the same topic. ▪️The institution decides what particular reference style to follow.
Title
▪️Include keywords of the text. ▪️Avoid false marketing.
Strong-subject orientation or Information prominent
"Anxiety might affect adults as well as for children." (Guiler, 1995, p.49)
Topic sentence
-Appears at the beginning of the paragraph. -Should be general; includes the main idea; -Expresses the paragraph's overall subject; -Supports the thesis statement.
III.Project Description
-The solution to the problem, the answer to the need, investigation that will fill the knowledge gap. -Addresses the unique, unusual, distinctive, innovative, and/or novel aspects of the approach. -The best solution
Précis
-French word for "cut short" -Concise summary of an article or other work
I. Introduction
-Identifies how and where the applicant's mission and the funder's mission interest or align. -Addresses the reasons why the funder should support project in the given general area. -Introduces the applicant's partners and shows why the partners want to participate.
II. Need Statement
-Outlines what others have written. -Problem to be solved or need to be addressed. -Allows the applicant to state the purpose or need. -Project is the best possible solution to the problem. -Significance of the project
Paraphrasing
-Rewriting another writer's ideas or words without changing the meaning. -Length stays the same.
Summarizing
-Rewriting only the main ideas in your own words -Length is always shorter.
Divide and conquer
-Skim next to be summarized -Divide into sections -Pay attention to headings, subheadings, transitional cues to signal new discussion. -Check important terms
Thesis Statement
-Statement that gives the focus of a paper. -It provides direction on which ideas to include in a paper, or ideas to expect from a written text.
Summarization
-The condensed version of a text -Synthesis of the key ideas of a piece of writing restated in your own words.
Critique Writing
-Writing task that evaluates a source material, book, essay, movie, etc. -Judgement based on criteria and standards.
Qualities of a good thesis statement.
-commit you to a single line of argument.
Rereading
-re-skim -Use notes (get the feel of the author's tone, style, and main idea.) -label areas to be avoided
Steps in writing a précis
1. Divide and conquer 2. Reread 3. One sentence at a time 4. Craft a thesis statement 5. You are ready to write 6. Check for precision 7. Précis
High lexical density
A high proportion of component words in relation to function words
Direct quotation
A word for word reproduction of the source's statements or remarks
High-nominal style
Actions and events are present as nouns.
Interpolation
Amendments to a directly quoted phrase or statements.
3 Skills to employ critique reading
Analysis, Evaluation and Explanation
Tips for writing a good thesis statement
Analytical, Expository and argumentative
Primary sources
Data gathered using research methods appropriate to a particular field, first-hand information.
Analysis
Break readings down into their essential parts
Analytical
Breaks down idea into parts and evaluates it.
Five criteria in evaluating sources
C-Currency A-Accuracy C-Coverage A-Authority O-Objectivity
Criteria
Certain aspects of reading that serve as the basis of the assessment
Conclusion
Concludes the argumentative paper by restating the thesis followed by the side taken.
Currency
Consider how up-to-date the content is and whether the publication date is clearly labeled.
Authority
Consider the author's qualifications to write on the subject and the reputability of the publisher
Objectivity
Consider the bias on the part of the author or authors and the extent to which they are trying to sway their reader's opinions.
Accuracy
Consider the likelihood that the information has been created by anyone other than the author
Coverage
Consider which topics are included
Direct Quotation
Copies the exact words of the original author.
Expository
Explains the idea
Subordination
Headings should be more general, while the subheading should be more specific.
Characteristics of Academic Text
High-lexical density, High-nominal style, Impersonal Constructions
Management
How the entire project will be managed
Weak-author orientation or Date prominent
In 1992, Pope John Paul II declared "_______" (p.3)
Structure of a concept paper
Introduction, Purpose/need or rationale, Project description, support or budget, contact information.
Three-part essay structure
Introduction, body, conclusion.
Three-level Outline
Includes the main divisions and their subtopics, together with the supporting details of the subtopics.
Two-level Outline
Includes the main divisions together with the subtopics
Secondary sources
Information and ideas generated and collected by others who have performed their own primary and secondary research, second-hand information.
Coordination
Information in headings should have the same significance.
Concept Paper
Is a summary of projects or issues that reflect the interests, experience, and expertise of the writer or organization.
Explanation
Link your judgement to specific aspects of the reading and make those connections clear and convincing to your reader
Sentence Outline
Lists complete sentences
Argumentative
Makes a claim and justifies it with evidence
Counter arguement
an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.
Observing Objectivity
More information around in the sentence to emphasize things and ideas, instead of people and feelings
3 Formats of an outline
One-level, two-level, three-level
One-level Outline
Only includes the main divisions
4 Main components of effective writing
Parallelism, Coordination, Subordination, Division.
Types of research data
Primary sources, Secondary sources, and Tertiary sources
Use of block quotations
Quoting beyond 4 lines
Transitional Words
Recall reading and written words
Cost proposal
Refers to the detailed estimation of costs in terms of labor and materials
Design
Refers to the layout or plan proposed which gives a step by step planning from the beginning to the end may have a flow chart or any graphic design.
Check for precision
Reread, cite accurately, and it should not contain commentary
Craft a thesis statement
Review your sentences, create your over-all thesis
Paragraph outline
Rewords each entry as a complete paragraph, thus providing a condensed version of the paper;
Standards
Serve as the basis for evaluating a criterion
Qualities of a good thesis statement
Should be concise
Qualities of a good thesis statement
Should not be worded as a question
Qualities of a good thesis statement
Should not be worded in figurative language
Format for direct quotation
Strong-author orientation, weak-author orientation, and strong-subject orientation
Signposting the structure
Subheadings and transitional words
Parallelism
The heading and subheading should have a parallel structure.
Conclusion
The writer concludes the thesis.
Introduction
The writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement.
Body
The writer proves the thesis
Reasons for paraphrasing
Theoretically, Practically
Tertiary Sources
These compiles, or digests other sources, and are usually not credited to a particular author.
Argumentative Paper Structure
Thesis statement, background, pro-arguments, counter arguments, and conclusion.
Structure of the text
Three-part Essay structure, Analytical paper, Argumentative paper
Theoretically
To give readers an accurate and comprehensive account of ideas taken from a source.
3 Types of outlining
Topic outline, Sentence outline, Paragraph outline
Structure within the text
Topic sentence, supporting sentence, and concluding sentence
You are ready to write
Use thesis statement as the intro sentence of your summary.
Discipline-specific criteria and standards
Used by scholars in a particular field of study and generally not applicable to material studies in other disciplines.
General academic criteria and standards
Used to evaluate source material in many fields
Paraphrasing
Using your own words to express someone else's ideas.
Subheadings
Usually observed in analytical papers such as theses and disertations
Use of quotation marks
When the direct quoted words are less than 4 lines
Topic outline
Words each entry as a phrase, breaking down the subject into major subheadings;
One sentence at a time
Write the main idea of each section in one well-developed sentence
Should the thesis statement be specific?
Yes, to cover what needs to be discussed.
Pro-argument
point or statement that supports one's ideas and/or thesis