EAPP

Practically

A research paper cannot be made up of pure direct quotation.

Evaluation

Assess the quality of those various parts.

Where should you put the thesis statement?

At the end of the introduction or the first paragraph

Background

Discusses the paper without sides

Strong-author orientation or Author prominent

Dr. James (1994) state's that "________" (p.122)

Division

Each heading should be divided into two or more parts.

Impersonal construction

clausal construction in which no subject is realized, or at least no referential subject.

Academic Text

▪️A product of communication or piece of language used for academic purposes. ▪️is discipline-specific. ▪️uses formal language.

References

▪️Establishes credibility and reliability. ▪️Helps ease the search for more information on the same topic. ▪️The institution decides what particular reference style to follow.

Title

▪️Include keywords of the text. ▪️Avoid false marketing.

Strong-subject orientation or Information prominent

"Anxiety might affect adults as well as for children." (Guiler, 1995, p.49)

Topic sentence

-Appears at the beginning of the paragraph. -Should be general; includes the main idea; -Expresses the paragraph's overall subject; -Supports the thesis statement.

III.Project Description

-The solution to the problem, the answer to the need, investigation that will fill the knowledge gap. -Addresses the unique, unusual, distinctive, innovative, and/or novel aspects of the approach. -The best solution

Précis

-French word for "cut short" -Concise summary of an article or other work

I. Introduction

-Identifies how and where the applicant's mission and the funder's mission interest or align. -Addresses the reasons why the funder should support project in the given general area. -Introduces the applicant's partners and shows why the partners want to participate.

II. Need Statement

-Outlines what others have written. -Problem to be solved or need to be addressed. -Allows the applicant to state the purpose or need. -Project is the best possible solution to the problem. -Significance of the project

Paraphrasing

-Rewriting another writer's ideas or words without changing the meaning. -Length stays the same.

Summarizing

-Rewriting only the main ideas in your own words -Length is always shorter.

Divide and conquer

-Skim next to be summarized -Divide into sections -Pay attention to headings, subheadings, transitional cues to signal new discussion. -Check important terms

Thesis Statement

-Statement that gives the focus of a paper. -It provides direction on which ideas to include in a paper, or ideas to expect from a written text.

Summarization

-The condensed version of a text -Synthesis of the key ideas of a piece of writing restated in your own words.

Critique Writing

-Writing task that evaluates a source material, book, essay, movie, etc. -Judgement based on criteria and standards.

Qualities of a good thesis statement.

-commit you to a single line of argument.

Rereading

-re-skim -Use notes (get the feel of the author's tone, style, and main idea.) -label areas to be avoided

Steps in writing a précis

1. Divide and conquer 2. Reread 3. One sentence at a time 4. Craft a thesis statement 5. You are ready to write 6. Check for precision 7. Précis

High lexical density

A high proportion of component words in relation to function words

Direct quotation

A word for word reproduction of the source's statements or remarks

High-nominal style

Actions and events are present as nouns.

Interpolation

Amendments to a directly quoted phrase or statements.

3 Skills to employ critique reading

Analysis, Evaluation and Explanation

Tips for writing a good thesis statement

Analytical, Expository and argumentative

Primary sources

Data gathered using research methods appropriate to a particular field, first-hand information.

Analysis

Break readings down into their essential parts

Analytical

Breaks down idea into parts and evaluates it.

Five criteria in evaluating sources

C-Currency A-Accuracy C-Coverage A-Authority O-Objectivity

Criteria

Certain aspects of reading that serve as the basis of the assessment

Conclusion

Concludes the argumentative paper by restating the thesis followed by the side taken.

Currency

Consider how up-to-date the content is and whether the publication date is clearly labeled.

Authority

Consider the author's qualifications to write on the subject and the reputability of the publisher

Objectivity

Consider the bias on the part of the author or authors and the extent to which they are trying to sway their reader's opinions.

Accuracy

Consider the likelihood that the information has been created by anyone other than the author

Coverage

Consider which topics are included

Direct Quotation

Copies the exact words of the original author.

Expository

Explains the idea

Subordination

Headings should be more general, while the subheading should be more specific.

Characteristics of Academic Text

High-lexical density, High-nominal style, Impersonal Constructions

Management

How the entire project will be managed

Weak-author orientation or Date prominent

In 1992, Pope John Paul II declared "_______" (p.3)

Structure of a concept paper

Introduction, Purpose/need or rationale, Project description, support or budget, contact information.

Three-part essay structure

Introduction, body, conclusion.

Three-level Outline

Includes the main divisions and their subtopics, together with the supporting details of the subtopics.

Two-level Outline

Includes the main divisions together with the subtopics

Secondary sources

Information and ideas generated and collected by others who have performed their own primary and secondary research, second-hand information.

Coordination

Information in headings should have the same significance.

Concept Paper

Is a summary of projects or issues that reflect the interests, experience, and expertise of the writer or organization.

Explanation

Link your judgement to specific aspects of the reading and make those connections clear and convincing to your reader

Sentence Outline

Lists complete sentences

Argumentative

Makes a claim and justifies it with evidence

Counter arguement

an argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.

Observing Objectivity

More information around in the sentence to emphasize things and ideas, instead of people and feelings

3 Formats of an outline

One-level, two-level, three-level

One-level Outline

Only includes the main divisions

4 Main components of effective writing

Parallelism, Coordination, Subordination, Division.

Types of research data

Primary sources, Secondary sources, and Tertiary sources

Use of block quotations

Quoting beyond 4 lines

Transitional Words

Recall reading and written words

Cost proposal

Refers to the detailed estimation of costs in terms of labor and materials

Design

Refers to the layout or plan proposed which gives a step by step planning from the beginning to the end may have a flow chart or any graphic design.

Check for precision

Reread, cite accurately, and it should not contain commentary

Craft a thesis statement

Review your sentences, create your over-all thesis

Paragraph outline

Rewords each entry as a complete paragraph, thus providing a condensed version of the paper;

Standards

Serve as the basis for evaluating a criterion

Qualities of a good thesis statement

Should be concise

Qualities of a good thesis statement

Should not be worded as a question

Qualities of a good thesis statement

Should not be worded in figurative language

Format for direct quotation

Strong-author orientation, weak-author orientation, and strong-subject orientation

Signposting the structure

Subheadings and transitional words

Parallelism

The heading and subheading should have a parallel structure.

Conclusion

The writer concludes the thesis.

Introduction

The writer introduces the topic and the thesis statement.

Body

The writer proves the thesis

Reasons for paraphrasing

Theoretically, Practically

Tertiary Sources

These compiles, or digests other sources, and are usually not credited to a particular author.

Argumentative Paper Structure

Thesis statement, background, pro-arguments, counter arguments, and conclusion.

Structure of the text

Three-part Essay structure, Analytical paper, Argumentative paper

Theoretically

To give readers an accurate and comprehensive account of ideas taken from a source.

3 Types of outlining

Topic outline, Sentence outline, Paragraph outline

Structure within the text

Topic sentence, supporting sentence, and concluding sentence

You are ready to write

Use thesis statement as the intro sentence of your summary.

Discipline-specific criteria and standards

Used by scholars in a particular field of study and generally not applicable to material studies in other disciplines.

General academic criteria and standards

Used to evaluate source material in many fields

Paraphrasing

Using your own words to express someone else's ideas.

Subheadings

Usually observed in analytical papers such as theses and disertations

Use of quotation marks

When the direct quoted words are less than 4 lines

Topic outline

Words each entry as a phrase, breaking down the subject into major subheadings;

One sentence at a time

Write the main idea of each section in one well-developed sentence

Should the thesis statement be specific?

Yes, to cover what needs to be discussed.

Pro-argument

point or statement that supports one's ideas and/or thesis