EAQ Quiz - Chapter 18: Care of Patients with Hypertension and Peripheral Vascular Disease

Which statements by a patient with cardiovascular disease indicate a need for further teaching about ways to decrease sodium in the diet? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) "I will only eat catsup on my hot dogs." 2) "I will use lemon pepper instead of salt." 3) "I will check soft drinks for sodium content." 4) "Buying frozen instead of canned foods is a better choice." 5) "Eating a turkey cold cut sandwich is always a safe choice to reduce sodium."

1) "I will only eat catsup on my hot dogs." 5) "Eating a turkey cold cut sandwich is always a safe choice to reduce sodium."

Which blood pressure reading reflects the goal of treatment for hypertension? 1) 120/80 mm Hg 2) 130/80 mm Hg 3) 120/90 mm Hg 4) 130/90 mm Hg

1) 120/80 mm Hg

Which pharmacologic therapy may be prescribed if blood pressure reaches stage 1 hypertension? 1) A diuretic agent 2) A ganglionic blocker and a vasodilator 3) A nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) 4) An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a beta blocker

1) A diuretic agent

At which time might a patient with intermittent claudication experience increased pain? 1) After exercise 2) Immediately after exposure to cold 3) First thing in the morning after getting out of bed 4) After dorsiflexion of the foot when phlebitis is present

1) After exercise

Which action would the nurse encourage to help prevent exacerbations in a patient with Raynaud disease? 1) Attending smoking-cessation classes 2) Wearing thin, light clothing to allow better circulation 3) Using a cold compress or heating pad as needed for comfort 4) Drinking small amounts of caffeine throughout the day to stimulate the heartbeat and increase circulation

1) Attending smoking-cessation classes

Which actions would the nurse recommend to a patient to help control mild hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Controlling weight 2) Restricting sodium intake in the diet 3) Taking an adrenergic-inhibiting drug 4) Incorporating exercise into the daily routine 5) Developing methods to help with controlling stress

1) Controlling weight 2) Restricting sodium intake in the diet 4) Incorporating exercise into the daily routine 5) Developing methods to help with controlling stress

Which lifestyle modification may help lower blood pressure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet 2) Fluid restriction 3) Weight reduction 4) Aerobic physical activity 5) Dietary sodium reduction

1) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) 3) Weight reduction 4) Aerobic physical activity 5) Dietary sodium reduction

Which signs and symptoms are associated with abdominal aortic dissection? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Death 2) Warm extremities 3) Bounding peripheral pulses 4) Abrupt and excruciating back pain 5) Moderate pain that radiates to the scapula

1) Death 2) Warm extremities 4) Abrupt and excruciating back pain

Which side effect would the nurse assess for development in an older-adult patient who is receiving antihypertensive medications? 1) Dizziness 2) Glucosuria 3) Temperature elevation 4) Increased urinary output

1) Dizziness

Which nursing interventions would help prevent deep vein thrombosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Encouraging ambulation 2) Checking pedal pulses daily 3) Avoiding long periods of sitting 4) Increasing caffeinated beverage intake 5) Avoiding standing in one place for long periods

1) Encouraging ambulation 3) Avoiding long periods of sitting 5) Avoiding standing in one place for long periods

Hypertension is often identified after damage to which target organs has occurred? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Eyes 2) Brain 3) Heart 4) Liver 5) Kidneys

1) Eyes 2) Brain 3) Heart 5) Kidneys

Which sign or symptom is associated with carotid artery disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Fainting 2) Bleeding 3) Carotid bruit 4) Carotid murmur 5) Visual disturbances

1) Fainting 3) Carotid bruit 5) Visual disturbances

Which goals would be included in the plan of care for a patient with hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Long-term control of high blood pressure 2) Immediate reduction of high blood pressure 3) Elimination of any spiking of blood pressure 4) Reduced high blood pressure to decrease the risk for appendicitis, gallbladder disease, and kidney stones 5) Reduced high blood pressure to decrease the risk for stroke, heart attack, loss of vision, and kidney disease

1) Long-term control of high blood pressure 2) Immediate reduction of high blood pressure 5) Reduced high blood pressure to decrease the risk for stroke, heart attack, loss of vision, and kidney disease

Which medication is commonly used to control hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Loop diuretics 2) Pseudoephedrine 3) Calcium channel blockers 4) Direct-acting vasodilators 5) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

1) Loop diuretics 3) Calcium channel blockers 4) Direct-acting vasodilators 5) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Which factors can contribute to the development of varicose veins? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Obesity 2) Trauma 3) Pregnancy 4) Malnutrition 5) Prolonged standing

1) Obesity 2) Trauma 3) Pregnancy 5) Prolonged standing

Which factors may contribute to hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Obesity 2) Diabetes insipidus 3) Minimal sodium intake 4) Excessive alcohol intake 5) Sympathetic nervous system activity

1) Obesity 4) Excessive alcohol intake 5) Sympathetic nervous system activity

Which signs and symptoms are associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Pedal pulse of 1+ 2) Dependent rubor 3) 3+ edema in ankles 4) Hair loss on lower legs 5) Pulsating mass on the abdomen

1) Pedal pulse of 1+ 2) Dependent rubor 4) Hair loss on lower legs

Which purpose does elastic support hose serve for a patient with varicose veins? 1) Promote venous return 2) Protect the legs from injury 3) Provide warmth for the lower legs 4) Decrease circulation to the lower limbs

1) Promote venous return

Which actions would the nurse perform when a pulmonary embolism is suspected for a patient with a known deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Providing oxygen 2) Offering reassurance 3) Staying with the patient 4) Administering antianxiety medication 5) Placing the patient in the supine position

1) Providing oxygen 2) Offering reassurance 3) Staying with the patient 4) Administering antianxiety medication

Which lifestyle change is the most important to help control blood pressure for obese patients? 1) Weight loss 2) Caffeine restriction 3) Reduced sugar intake 4) Lower sodium food choices

1) Weight loss

Which relaxation techniques may help decrease stress and control blood pressure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Yoga 2) Karate 3) Swimming 4) Meditation 5) Watching television 6) Saying no to extra obligations

1) Yoga 4) Meditation 6) Saying no to extra obligations

The target blood pressure reading to control blood pressure for a hypertensive patient is at or below which numbers? Record your answer using a slash (xx/xx). _____ mm Hg

120/80

Which instructions would the nurse offer to a patient who has been instructed to lower the intake of sodium? 1) "Use catsup to spice your foods." 2) "Use fresh or frozen fruits as snacks." 3) "Use canned rather than frozen vegetables." 4) "Use soft cheeses rather than eggs as a protein source."

2) "Use fresh or frozen fruits as snacks."

Which medical term describes narrowing of the arteries caused by plaque? 1) Embolus 2) Atherosclerosis 3) Arteriosclerosis 4) Thrombophlebitis

2) Atherosclerosis Embolus - blood clot or debris that travels & lodges in a blood vessel. Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the arteries & is a general term for a variety of arterial changes. Thrombophlebitis - inflammation of a vein.

The nurse would monitor for which signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Venous stasis ulcers 2) Calf pain or tenderness 3) Areas of warmth or redness over a vein 4) One extremity being larger than the other 5) Enlarged and tortuous veins that are distorted in shape

2) Calf pain or tenderness 3) Areas of warmth or redness over a vein 4) One extremity being larger than the other

Raynaud disease is associated with which signs and symptoms? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Fever 2) Edema 3) Discomfort in the extremity 4) Decreased sensory perception 5) Fingers and toes may display a series of color changes from white to blue to red

2) Edema 3) Discomfort in the extremity 4) Decreased sensory perception 5) Fingers and toes may display a series of color changes from white to blue to red

When a patient's peripheral vascular resistance increases, it would have which effect on the blood pressure? 1) Double 2) Increase 3) Decrease 4) No effect

2) Increase

Which signs and symptoms are associated with chronic venous insufficiency? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Hairless legs 2) Itchy, scaly skin 3) Dependent rubor 4) Hemosiderin staining 5) Chronically swollen legs

2) Itchy, scaly skin 4) Hemosiderin staining 5) Chronically swollen legs

Which assessment finding is associated with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD)? 1) Presence of peripheral pulses 2) Loss of hair on the legs, feet, and toes 3) Presence of edema in the lower leg 4) Higher blood pressure in the affected extremity

2) Loss of hair on the legs, feet, and toes

Which interventions would the nurse include when caring for a patient in the recovery area after a femoropopliteal bypass? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Elevating the legs of the bed 2) Obtaining palpable pulses 3) Checking for signs of bleeding 4) Inspecting the operative extremity frequently 5) Placing the patient in the knee-flexed position

2) Obtaining palpable pulses 3) Checking for signs of bleeding 4) Inspecting the operative extremity frequently

Which signs and symptoms are associated with arterial thrombosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Heat 2) Paralysis 3) Erythema 4) Paresthesia 5) Pulselessness

2) Paralysis 4) Paresthesia 5) Pulselessness "six Ps," pallor, pain, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, and poikilothermia (distal to the occlusion)

Which criterion must be met for a person to be considered hypertensive? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Butterfly rubor on the face 2) Persistently high blood pressure 3) Intermittent frontal headaches and congestion 4) Diastolic pressure that is less than or equal to 90 mm Hg 5) Systolic blood pressure that is more than or equal to 140 mm Hg

2) Persistently high blood pressure 5) Systolic blood pressure that is more than or equal to 140 mm Hg

Which type of hypertension is the most common? 1) Acute 2) Primary 3) Malignant 4) Secondary

2) Primary

Systolic blood pressure in which range would be classified as stage 1 hypertension? 1) Less than 120 2) 120 to 129 3) 130 to 139 4) 140 or higher

3) 130 to 139 Systolic blood pressure: <120 is a normal blood pressure 120 to 129 is "elevated blood pressure." 130 to 139 is stage 1 hypertension 140 or higher is stage 2 hypertension

Progression of which disease is directly linked to heavy cigarette smoking? 1) Obesity 2) Aneurysm 3) Buerger disease 4) Thrombophlebitis

3) Buerger disease

Elevation of which laboratory value may result in atherosclerosis and hypertension? 1) Sodium 2) Potassium 3) Cholesterol 4) Activated partial thromboplastin time

3) Cholesterol

Which side effects would the nurse assess for development in a patient who is receiving antihypertensive medications? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Fever 2) Bleeding 3) Dizziness 4) Restlessness 5) Respiratory depression

3) Dizziness 4) Restlessness

Which diagnosis would the nurse expect for a patient who has had three occasions of diastolic blood pressure readings in the range of 80 to 89 mm Hg? 1) Stage 2 hypertension 2) Primary hypertension 3) Elevated blood pressure 4) Secondary hypertension

3) Elevated blood pressure

Which activities would the nurse advise a patient recently diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease to avoid? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Walking 2) Swimming 3) Elevating the legs 4) Wearing constrictive clothing 5) Spending time in cold environments

3) Elevating the legs 4) Wearing constrictive clothing 5) Spending time in cold environments

A loss of elasticity in the blood vessels and hardening of the vessel walls may lead to which issue? 1) Hypotension 2) Increase in cardiac output 3) Increase in workload of the heart 4) Decrease in workload of the heart

3) Increase in workload of the heart

Which intervention may help increase circulation for a patient with peripheral arterial disease? 1) Decreasing fluid intake to 1500 mL/day 2) Starting a carbohydrate diet with added fiber 3) Applying heat to the legs every night before bed 4) Beginning an exercise program of walking or swimming

4) Beginning an exercise program of walking or swimming

Which factors are associated with an increased risk for hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. 1) Caucasian 2) 45 years of age 3) Osteoarthritis 4) Central body obesity 5) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 6) Frequent physical activity 7) Current 1 pack per day cigarette smoker

4) Central body obesity 5) Type 2 diabetes mellitus 7) Current 1 pack per day cigarette smoker

In which way would a thiazide diuretic help treat hypertension? 1) Increases cardiac output 2) Decreases peripheral resistance 3) Blocks the action of aldosterone in the distal nephron 4) Increases the excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride

4) Increases the excretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride

Which term describes pain in the lower extremities when walking that diminishes at rest? 1) Referred pain 2) Phantom pain 3) Thrombophlebitis 4) Intermittent claudication

4) Intermittent claudication

Which dietary modification is included in the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan? 1) Using whole milk in desserts 2) Restricting fruits and vegetables 3) Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water daily 4) Reducing sodium intake to 2400 mg/day

4) Reducing sodium intake to 2400 mg/day

Which food would be best for a person on a low-sodium diet? 1) Sausage 2) Lunch meat 3) Canned soup 4) Shredded wheat

4) Shredded wheat

Which physiologic factor contributes to hypertension? 1) Decreased stress and smoking 2) Use of vasodilator medications 3) Larger diameter of blood vessels 4) Smaller diameter of blood vessels

4) Smaller diameter of blood vessels

Which medication may be prescribed for a patient who was admitted to the hospital with a blood pressure of 220/138 mm Hg and diagnosed with a hypertensive emergency? 1) Furosemide (Lasix) 2) Atenolol (Tenormin) 3) Spironolactone (Aldactone) 4) Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride)

4) Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride)

Which assessment finding may be associated with superficial thrombophlebitis? 1) Hair loss on the feet 2) Dyspnea and hemoptysis 3) Absence of pulses in the feet 4) Tenderness to palpation over the involved vein

4) Tenderness to palpation over the involved vein