Ecology Test
True
A few plants trap and digest animals.
True
A fish that eats zooplankton is a primary consumer.
Community
A group interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area
Ecosystem
A natural unit consisting of all the living organisms in an area functioning together with all the nonliving physical factors of the environment.
Endangered species
A species of plant/animal called in intermediate danger of becoming extinct
Invasive species
A species that is not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction usually causes damage
-air temperature -other species -producers
Abiotic components of the environment include: (3)
Be in competition with each other
According to the competitive exclusion principle, if two species occupied the same niche in the same area, they would be what?
true
All chemical elements that are needed by living things are recycled in ecosystems
true
All organisms release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of cellular respiration
True
All organisms use organic compounds for energy.
Predator-prey relationship
Coyotes and rabbits that live in the same area have what relationship?
true
Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the root nodules of legumes
Biology
Study of life
Abiotic components
nonliving physical aspects of the environment
Population
organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another
decomposers
organisms that consume dead plants and animals and other organic waste
herbivores
organisms that consume only producers such as plants or algae
Producers
organisms that produce organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules
producers
organisms that use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis
Habitat
physical environment to which an organism has become adapted
Community
populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another
zooplankton
tiny photoautotrophs found on or near the surface of a body of water
Ecosystem
A biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it
False
Different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same geographic area for very long.
True
Saprotrophs complete the breakdown of any remaining organic matter.
True
Organisms that depend on different food sources have different niches.
Competitive
Organisms with overlapping niches have what relationship?
false
Earth's gravity is the driving force behind the water cycle
Omnivore
Eats both plants and animals
True
Ecologists use inferential statistics to describe the data they collect.
True
Ecology is usually considered to be a branch of biology.
animals
Fungi are the main decomposers of dead....
False
Hawks have more energy than plants in a terrestrial ecosystem.
-air -climate -Earth
List factors that make up a species habitat
-phosphorus -carbon -nitrogen
List three geochemical cycles that was discussed
-to food it eats -how it obtains its food
List two aspects of a niche
-large body of fresh water -a small piece of dead wood.
List two examples or ecosystems
True
Mammals that live in very cold habitats must have insulation to help them stay warm.
released into the air
Methane gas released by landfills is
True
Multiple intersecting food webs make up a food chain.
Nitrifying bacteria and archea
Name two chemoautrophs
Photoautotrophs and chemoautrophs
Name two producers
cyanobacteria
Nitrogen-fixing organisms in aquatic ecosystems are
false
Of living things, only producers need nitrogen
false
Rain that flows over the ground is called groundwater
-role as a producer -need for sunlight -use of soil nutrients
The niche of a plant includes: (3)
False
The species interaction that is most frequent is mutualism.
false
The water cycle ends when precipitation falls and returns to the ocean
groundwater
Water that infiltrates the ground is called..
cools down
Water vapor condenses as it rises high in the atmosphere because it..
Cyanobacteria and algae
What are the components of phytoplankton?
other consumers, carnivores, and herbivores
What do carnivores eat?
organic molecules such as glucose
What is the main contribution of autotrophs to ecosystems?
Ecology
What is the study of all interrelationships between organism sand their environment?
true
When volcanoes erupt, they return carbon from the mantle to the atmosphere
False
Zooplankton are the chief aquatic producers.
consumers
all organisms that depend on other organisms for food
photoautotrophs
all organisms that produce organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules
anammox reaction
chemical reaction in which ammonium and nitrite ions combine to form water and nitrogen gas
nitrogen fixation
general process of converting nitrates into nitrogen gas
carnivores
organisms that eat a diet consisting mainly of herbivores or of other organisms that eat herbivores
omnivores
organisms that eat both plants and animals as primary food sources
cellular respiration
process by which cells oxidize glucose and produce energy
transpiration
process by which plants lose water through their leaves
subduction
process in which the ocean floor is pulled down into the mantle
nitrification
process of converting ammonium ions to nitrites or nitrates
denitrification
process of converting nitrogen to nitrate ions that plants can absorb
infiltration
process of rainwater soaking into the ground
ammonification
release of ammonium ions by decomposers as they break down organic remains and wastes
Ecology
scientific study of the interactions of living things with each other and their environments
sublimation
transformation of snow and ice directly into water vapor
Mutualism
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and one is hurt
Abiotic factors
Factors such as air, water, sunlight, and temperature would be considered?
True
Field studies refer to the collection of data in a field, meadow, or other open area.
nitrifying bacteria
Ammonium ions are converted to nitrites or nitrates by
bicarbonate ions
Calcium carbonate that settles out of ocean water forms
True
Energy flows from producers and consumers to decomposers.
Varies with the ecosystem
How long are food chains?
biosphere
The anammox reaction changes ammonium ions to a form that can enter the
True
A community is the biotic component of an ecosystem.
food web
A diagram showing the feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a....
True
An ecosystem depends on continuous inputs of matter from outside the system.
False
An ecosystem is always closed in terms of energy.
Summary
An example of a descriptive statistic is a what?
True
An important ecological issue is the rapid growth of the human population.
False
Archaea make food using energy in sunlight.
-the average rainfall it receives -the amount of sunlight it gets -the range of temperatures it experiences
Aspects of a species' habitat include: (3)
False
Bacteria are the only organisms that can decompose dead wood.
Abiotic
Biotic or abiotic: availability of space
Biotic
Biotic or abiotic: grass available in the winter
Abiotic
Biotic or abiotic: ph of water
Abiotic
Biotic or abiotic: soil temperature
false
Carbon is stored in the ocean as carbon dioxide
False
Cows eat grass, so they are secondary consumers.
Detritivore
Eats fragments of dead matter in an ecosystems
-most ecosystems obtain energy from sunlight -some obtain energy from chemical compounds
How can ecosystems obtain energy?
they make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water by chemosynthesis
How do chemoautrophs produce food?
they use energy from sunlight to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis
How do photoautotrophs produce food?
From the prey to the predator
On a food chain the arrows always point from whom to whom?
true
Plants absorb nitrogen gas through their root hairs
False
Plants are the most important heterotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems.
Nitrogen fixation
Taking N from the air and making it usable for plants
true
The anammox reaction of the nitrogen cycle occurs in water
True
The biosphere extends from sea level to about 11,000 meters above sea level.
producers
The broadest level of an energy pyramid consists of
False
The carbon cycle is really the only cycle that affects humans.
Zooplankton
The chief food producers in the ocean are called
true
The deep ocean is a reservoir for water in the water cycle
False
The environment of an organism includes only nonliving physical factors.
Niche
The role of a species in its ecosystem
Biosphere
areas of Earth where all organisms live
scavengers
carnivores that mainly eat the carcasses of dead animals
Organism
life form consisting of one or more cell
Ecosystem
natural unit consisting of all the living organisms in an area together with all the nonliving physical factors of the environment
phytoplankton
small organisms that consume producers on or near the surface of a body of water