Ecology Test

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True

A few plants trap and digest animals.

True

A fish that eats zooplankton is a primary consumer.

Community

A group interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area

Ecosystem

A natural unit consisting of all the living organisms in an area functioning together with all the nonliving physical factors of the environment.

Endangered species

A species of plant/animal called in intermediate danger of becoming extinct

Invasive species

A species that is not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction usually causes damage

-air temperature -other species -producers

Abiotic components of the environment include: (3)

Be in competition with each other

According to the competitive exclusion principle, if two species occupied the same niche in the same area, they would be what?

true

All chemical elements that are needed by living things are recycled in ecosystems

true

All organisms release carbon dioxide as a byproduct of cellular respiration

True

All organisms use organic compounds for energy.

Predator-prey relationship

Coyotes and rabbits that live in the same area have what relationship?

true

Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the root nodules of legumes

Biology

Study of life

Abiotic components

nonliving physical aspects of the environment

Population

organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interact with one another

decomposers

organisms that consume dead plants and animals and other organic waste

herbivores

organisms that consume only producers such as plants or algae

Producers

organisms that produce organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules

producers

organisms that use energy from sunlight to make food by photosynthesis

Habitat

physical environment to which an organism has become adapted

Community

populations of different species that live in the same area and interact with one another

zooplankton

tiny photoautotrophs found on or near the surface of a body of water

Ecosystem

A biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it

False

Different species cannot occupy the same niche in the same geographic area for very long.

True

Saprotrophs complete the breakdown of any remaining organic matter.

True

Organisms that depend on different food sources have different niches.

Competitive

Organisms with overlapping niches have what relationship?

false

Earth's gravity is the driving force behind the water cycle

Omnivore

Eats both plants and animals

True

Ecologists use inferential statistics to describe the data they collect.

True

Ecology is usually considered to be a branch of biology.

animals

Fungi are the main decomposers of dead....

False

Hawks have more energy than plants in a terrestrial ecosystem.

-air -climate -Earth

List factors that make up a species habitat

-phosphorus -carbon -nitrogen

List three geochemical cycles that was discussed

-to food it eats -how it obtains its food

List two aspects of a niche

-large body of fresh water -a small piece of dead wood.

List two examples or ecosystems

True

Mammals that live in very cold habitats must have insulation to help them stay warm.

released into the air

Methane gas released by landfills is

True

Multiple intersecting food webs make up a food chain.

Nitrifying bacteria and archea

Name two chemoautrophs

Photoautotrophs and chemoautrophs

Name two producers

cyanobacteria

Nitrogen-fixing organisms in aquatic ecosystems are

false

Of living things, only producers need nitrogen

false

Rain that flows over the ground is called groundwater

-role as a producer -need for sunlight -use of soil nutrients

The niche of a plant includes: (3)

False

The species interaction that is most frequent is mutualism.

false

The water cycle ends when precipitation falls and returns to the ocean

groundwater

Water that infiltrates the ground is called..

cools down

Water vapor condenses as it rises high in the atmosphere because it..

Cyanobacteria and algae

What are the components of phytoplankton?

other consumers, carnivores, and herbivores

What do carnivores eat?

organic molecules such as glucose

What is the main contribution of autotrophs to ecosystems?

Ecology

What is the study of all interrelationships between organism sand their environment?

true

When volcanoes erupt, they return carbon from the mantle to the atmosphere

False

Zooplankton are the chief aquatic producers.

consumers

all organisms that depend on other organisms for food

photoautotrophs

all organisms that produce organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules

anammox reaction

chemical reaction in which ammonium and nitrite ions combine to form water and nitrogen gas

nitrogen fixation

general process of converting nitrates into nitrogen gas

carnivores

organisms that eat a diet consisting mainly of herbivores or of other organisms that eat herbivores

omnivores

organisms that eat both plants and animals as primary food sources

cellular respiration

process by which cells oxidize glucose and produce energy

transpiration

process by which plants lose water through their leaves

subduction

process in which the ocean floor is pulled down into the mantle

nitrification

process of converting ammonium ions to nitrites or nitrates

denitrification

process of converting nitrogen to nitrate ions that plants can absorb

infiltration

process of rainwater soaking into the ground

ammonification

release of ammonium ions by decomposers as they break down organic remains and wastes

Ecology

scientific study of the interactions of living things with each other and their environments

sublimation

transformation of snow and ice directly into water vapor

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

Parasitism

A symbiotic relationship where one species benefits and one is hurt

Abiotic factors

Factors such as air, water, sunlight, and temperature would be considered?

True

Field studies refer to the collection of data in a field, meadow, or other open area.

nitrifying bacteria

Ammonium ions are converted to nitrites or nitrates by

bicarbonate ions

Calcium carbonate that settles out of ocean water forms

True

Energy flows from producers and consumers to decomposers.

Varies with the ecosystem

How long are food chains?

biosphere

The anammox reaction changes ammonium ions to a form that can enter the

True

A community is the biotic component of an ecosystem.

food web

A diagram showing the feeding relationships in an ecosystem is called a....

True

An ecosystem depends on continuous inputs of matter from outside the system.

False

An ecosystem is always closed in terms of energy.

Summary

An example of a descriptive statistic is a what?

True

An important ecological issue is the rapid growth of the human population.

False

Archaea make food using energy in sunlight.

-the average rainfall it receives -the amount of sunlight it gets -the range of temperatures it experiences

Aspects of a species' habitat include: (3)

False

Bacteria are the only organisms that can decompose dead wood.

Abiotic

Biotic or abiotic: availability of space

Biotic

Biotic or abiotic: grass available in the winter

Abiotic

Biotic or abiotic: ph of water

Abiotic

Biotic or abiotic: soil temperature

false

Carbon is stored in the ocean as carbon dioxide

False

Cows eat grass, so they are secondary consumers.

Detritivore

Eats fragments of dead matter in an ecosystems

-most ecosystems obtain energy from sunlight -some obtain energy from chemical compounds

How can ecosystems obtain energy?

they make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water by chemosynthesis

How do chemoautrophs produce food?

they use energy from sunlight to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis

How do photoautotrophs produce food?

From the prey to the predator

On a food chain the arrows always point from whom to whom?

true

Plants absorb nitrogen gas through their root hairs

False

Plants are the most important heterotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems.

Nitrogen fixation

Taking N from the air and making it usable for plants

true

The anammox reaction of the nitrogen cycle occurs in water

True

The biosphere extends from sea level to about 11,000 meters above sea level.

producers

The broadest level of an energy pyramid consists of

False

The carbon cycle is really the only cycle that affects humans.

Zooplankton

The chief food producers in the ocean are called

true

The deep ocean is a reservoir for water in the water cycle

False

The environment of an organism includes only nonliving physical factors.

Niche

The role of a species in its ecosystem

Biosphere

areas of Earth where all organisms live

scavengers

carnivores that mainly eat the carcasses of dead animals

Organism

life form consisting of one or more cell

Ecosystem

natural unit consisting of all the living organisms in an area together with all the nonliving physical factors of the environment

phytoplankton

small organisms that consume producers on or near the surface of a body of water


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