American History 6

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Sixth Amendment

A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.

Fifth Amendment

A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin.

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

National Bank

Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Jefferson and Democratic-Rep. The bank would regulate money and draw investors; showed that the constitution could be construed in many a way.

The third amendment protects what right?

Prevent soldiers from quartering in my house

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure

Second Amendment Rights

Right to bear arms

Seventh Amendment

Right to trial by jury

Tenth Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Ratification of the Constitution

required 9 out of 13 states to ratify (approve) it to become law.

Federalism (federal system)

sharing of power between national and state government. BUT fed gov supersedes state gov

Ninth Amendment

states that people's rights are not limited to just those listed in the Constitution.

revenue tariff

tax on imports used primarily to raise government revenue without restricting imports

Fderalists

Those wrote and campaigned for ratification of the Constitution

Jay's Treaty

Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley

Federalist Papers

Written by Hamilton, Jay, & Madison to support ratification of the U.S. Constituition.

Protective Tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

Philadelphia Convention

Beginning on May 25, 1787, the convention recommended by the Annapolis Convention was held in Philadelphia. All of the states except Rhode Island sent delegates, and George Washington served as president of the convention. The convention lasted 16 weeks, and on September 17, 1787, produced the present Constitution of the United States, which was drafted largely by James Madison. James Madison presented Virginia's plan.

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Jefferson's Agrarian Vision

The U.S. should remain primarily a republic of independent yeoman farmers. Didn't believe that the government should do too much to encourage mfg. or to interfere with the economy Feared that too much industrial development would create class conflict and a large group of poor, uneducated citizens

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution.

Shay's Rebellion

an armed uprising in Massachusetts, mostly in and around Springfield during 1786 and 1787. American Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels (called Shaysites) in a protest against perceived economic and civil rights injustices. Shays was a farmhand from Massachusetts at the beginning of the Revolutionary War; he joined the Continental Army, saw action at the Battles of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill, and Battles of Saratoga, and was eventually wounded in action. In 1787, Shays' rebels marched on the United States' Armory at Springfield in an unsuccessful attempt to seize its weaponry and overthrow the government. The federal government found itself unable to finance troops to put down the rebellion, and it was consequently put down by the Massachusetts State militia and a privately funded local militia. The widely held view was that the Articles of Confederation needed to be reformed as the country's governing document, and the events of the rebellion served as a catalyst for the Constitutional Convention and the creation of the new government.[2] The shock of Shays' Rebellion drew retired General George Washington back into public life, leading to his two terms as the United States' first President.[2] There is still debate among scholars concerning the rebellion's influence on the Constitution and its ratification.

Free markets

are markets that are allowed to operate without interference from the government.

Report on Public Credit (1790)

proposed by Hamilton to repair war debts; selling of securities and federal lands, assumption of state debts, set up the first National Bank.

What did they agree on the Philadelphia Convention?

they all agree that the constitution would have precedence over state laws. Federal supersedes State law. any foreign treaty signed with a foreign country - Federal only - states not allowed only the national govt can issue money