EDEC Final
A central concept of Piaget's cognitive theory is ________.
Direct experiences with the physical environment
Which of the following is true about conflict resolution?
Encourage the children to come up with solutions for the situation and discuss which one is best.
This theorist introduced the concept of conflict stages in his psychosocial development theory.
Erikson
The collection of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that result from the assumption that one sex is superior is called ________.
Sexism
Tom and Sue have a child, Ken, identified with Down's Syndrome. The teacher in Ken's classroom believes in inclusion and has asked them to come to a family night meeting to discuss their story of what life has been like for Ken. In doing this, the teacher is hoping that the other parents will respond in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A. By seeing Ken as a challenge to the mainstream classroom.
Inclusion practices are considered by many to be in the best interest of children both with and without developmental disabilities. How is inclusion generally defined?
A. Educating typically developing students in the same classroom as students who have various disabilities
One theory you read about in this chapter is based on the belief that children are born into the world as blank tablets and their experiences determine what they learn and eventually what they become in life. Which of the following early educators is given credit for this view of children?
A. John Locke
There is still a myth that people with disabilities are not productive in the work force. How do we know this is a myth?
A. Ninety percent of employees with disabilities perform at the same level or better than other employees.
Jana understands the fact that children learn through experience and play. She works in a school where the principal is an instructional leader and each teacher is required to be an intentional teacher. Being an intentional teacher means that Jana does which of the following?
A. guides, directs, and prepares the learning environment.
Jill wants to expand her skills and incorporate the use of puppetry in her preschool curriculum. She takes a Saturday workshop on Puppets. We can say that Jill is engaged in which of the following?
A. professional practice
Sylvia feels it is very important to connect with the families of the children in her class. This year she makes home visits and asks each family to complete a short survey on their heritage. As a professional, Sylvia is demonstrating what type of relationship with her students and their families?
A. responsive relationship
Abagail sees a skunk for the first time and calls it "kitty," because the child has seen kittens many times. The skunk does have some similar characteristics with a kitty, but it is a little different too. Abagail notices that people around her seem afraid of the skunk and back away. She is experiencing which of the following?
Accommodation
Which of the following is basic to Piaget's cognitive development theory?
Active involvement
Mr. Raphe has funds to purchase some blocks for his preschool classroom. He needs blocks to help children develop sorting skills, patterning, and counting. Which of the following would you recommend to him for these purposes?
All of these
Throughout the chapter, multiple strategies to meet the needs of diverse learners have been discussed. These include which of the following?
All of these
All are true important aspects of developing cultural competence EXCEPT which one?
Assisting other cultures in becoming more like Americans and developing American cultural values and norms
Alice, Jeri, and Takesha are playing in the housekeeping center. Each child is talking to the other children and they are sharing materials, but each child has a different play scheme. Alice is pretending to have a grocery store, Jeri is pretending to make pizza for dinner, and Takesha is pretending to feed and bathe her baby. This type of play is known as ________.
Associative play
IDEA mandated that assessment and evaluation for children with special needs s fair and equitable for all children, and teachers must adhere to these guidelines EXCEPT ________.
Authentic assessment
The professional is never a "finished" product. Which is the best explanation of this statement?
B. Professionals must work to stay current in the field by reading, reflecting, changing and attending professional development activities.
Responsibilities, expectations and roles of an early childhood professional are radically different today from those of the recent past. All of the following are expectations of the early childhood professional of today EXCEPT:
B. Administration of weekly standardized tests
The Whole Child Initiative, put forth by the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD), redefines what a successful learner is and how we measure success. Which of the following is NOT a guiding principle of this initiative?
B. Children have a right to a creative education and standardized learning skills.
Which of the following individuals emphasized the necessity of setting up schools to teach children to read and translated the bible into German? His concepts of universal education and literacy are still on the educational forefront of today.
B. Martin Luther
The code of professional ethics for the field of early childhood education was developed by which professional organization?
B. National Association for the Education of Young Children
Critical tasks of developmental identity include two parts. One is that the child must develop a cultural identity coming from the family and the other is a ____________.
B. individual identity
Which term refers to the teaching skills teachers need to help all children learn?
B. pedagogical content knowledge
The active process of thinking before teaching, during teaching and after teaching in order to make decisions about how to plan, assess, and teach is called what?
B. reflective practice
A central theme of Luther, Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Montessori, and Dewey is that we must do our work as educators well and that the true essence of child-centered education is ___________________.
B. that we must care about those whom we have been called to serve
Early childhood education is undergoing dramatic transformation and reform. One of the most important changes for the early childhood teacher is ______________.
B. the merging of the fields of early childhood and early childhood special education
This theorist is credited with Social Learning Theory in which observational learning is believed to explain children's behavior.
Bandura
The goal of antibias curriculum is to help children learn to ________.
Be accepting of others, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or disability
ABA is most closely aligned with this theory/school of thought.
Behaviorism
Which of the following best describes differentiated instruction?
C. Adapting instruction to meet the needs of each student as opposed to expecting students to adapt to your instruction.
Learning about the theories and ideas of great educators who have influenced the field of early childhood education helps us realize that today's ideas are built on those of the past. Which of the following is NOT a reason it is important to know about the great educators of the past?
C. The past tells us what to do in the future; what has worked for one population works the same for another which helps us keep things historically even.
Which of the following is NOT a goal of assessment in the early childhood classroom?
C. Competing with other schools in the state
Who is known for the theory of learning called progressivism, which emphasizes children and their interests rather than subject matter?
C. John Dewey
Lisa is a second grade teacher and is concerned about one of her students, Kendra. Kendra's parents see her as a miniature adult. She wears designer clothes, has manicures weekly and frequently wears high heels. This teacher realizes that hurrying children to adulthood is not good because it causes conflict between which of the following?
C. capabilities and expectations
Knowledge about how children develop, knowing what to teach and when, assessing what children have learned, and adapting curriculum best fits the definition of which of the following?
C. developmentally appropriate practice
What is the exercise of responsible behavior with children, families, colleagues, and community members called?
C. ethical conduct
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was put in place to stop discrimination on the basis of gender. What does research indicate about gender equality or discrimination today?
C. gender inequality still persists in the US
John Amos Comenius thought that learning is best achieved when senses are involved, and he believed that children should not be taught the names of objects apart from the object themselves or pictures of the objects. What did he call the process of putting all things before the senses?
C. golden rule of teaching
Knowing what you believe about children, your feelings about appropriate or inappropriate learning environments, what you think are the purposes of education, how you view the teacher's role, and what you think you should know and be able to do should be part of your ___________.
C. philosophy of education
The fact that young children are extremely capable and naturally eager to learn has been proven through which of the following?
C. scientific knowledge
Early childhood professionals think of assessment as a three-way process guiding the decisions they make in the classroom. In gathering assessment data it best to use different types of which of the following?
D. assessment tools
Curricula that places an emphasis on developing traits such as a positive mental attitude, persistence, respect for others, cooperation, honesty, trustworthiness, and sensitivity is known as ________.
Character education
The demand for publicly funded preschools has increased due to each of the following conditions EXCEPT ________.
Children who attend preschool will score higher on standardized tests
The term emergent literacy refers to which of the following?
Children's ongoing development in skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing
A teacher gives each child a sticker for every book he/she reads and when the child has 20 stickers, the child gets a candy bar. This teacher is applying the concept of ________.
Classical conditioning
Each of the following are part of the approaches to play and learning EXCEPT ________.
Cognition, Communication, and Curiosity
You observe a child sorting, then counting objects, and matching them to a digit. For example, the child was observed sorting geometric shapes and placing them in order of increasing quantity, then matching them to a digit. This child is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.
Concrete operations
In this theoretical approach, the learner is viewed as active in the learning process.
Constructivism
For preschoolers, each of the following variables has a significant predictive relationship with future literacy development EXCEPT ________.
Conventional spelling
Teachers, parents, and politicians view the preschool years as the ________.
Cornerstone and foundation of success
The Chapmann family has two children who qualify for the free early education program in their town. The concept of early education for children from low-income families began with which of the following?
D. Infant Schools
Which of the following early educators advocated a return to nature and an approach to educating children called naturalism? He also wrote the book Emile, which outlines how children should be reared.
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Laura is looking for professional development that will support her in teaching the diverse students in her kindergarten classroom. Laura is showing that she is which of the following?
D. a culturally responsive teacher
Keith realizes that many of his students do not have access to a quality afterschool care program. He and some of his colleagues decide to write a grant to get one started at the school. These teachers are serving as ____________________.
D. advocates for children
John reflects on the following question as he interacts with his students throughout the day , "Am I teaching and supporting each child in his/her growth and development across all domains?" Which of the following terms best describes John's approach to education?
D. child-centered
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi purchased a farm and started a school called Neuhof. It is here that he developed the idea of object lessons using manipulatives-counting, measuring, feeling, and touching to teach children concepts. Pestalozzi believed that the best teachers were those who do which of the following?
D. teach children, not subjects
During the preschool years, children are learning self-regulation, which is the ability to plan, initiate, and complete an activity; control emotions and behaviors; delay gratification; maintain attention; respond to feedback; and build positive social relations with others. This process is also known as ________.
Executive function
According to Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory, this system does not offer direct interaction with the child, but the child will be influenced by it.
Exosystem
All of the following are steps in conflict resolution EXCEPT which one?
Give children solutions to the problem.
The program for students with limited English proficiency that specifically targets students with weak literacy skills in their home language is called ________. The content from this program is taught in both languages and the goal is to learn literacy in two languages.
Heritage Language Program
Phonological awareness would include all of the following skills EXCEPT which one?
Identifying letters of the alphabet and the sound they make
After studying Erikson's theories, a first grade teacher would create learning opportunities where children can be productive, build things, discover and manipulate objects because she/he know these children are in the ________ stage.
Industry vs. Inferiority
Mr. Cane is reviewing his observations, checklists, and student portfolios. He needs to make some decisions for his small group student placements for next week's lessons. Mr. Cane is using which type of assessment?
Informal-authentic
Children in preschool are in Erikson's ________ psychosocial stage. This means they need opportunities to move and be active, to explore, discover and experiment, and make things.
Initiative vs. Guilt
Children's outside play is ________.
Just as important as their inside play
Teachers should use assessment for the following purposes EXCEPT ________.
Labeling a child's disabilities
A school district's board votes to reduce funding for Pre-k programs and English Language Learner programs. Considering this event through the lens of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory, we would classify this as an impact from the ________ system.
Macrosystem
This system in Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory highlights the impact of the child from larger cultural influences.
Macrosystem
In order to prevent disproportionate representation of diverse learners in special education, a teacher should ensure that he/she has done which of the following?
Made reasonable accommodations and modifications with the classroom
The theory of self-actualization is attributed to this theorist
Maslow
In Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory, this system is the most directly impacted by the child and, in turn, impacts the child.
Microsystem
Children in today's classroom are more diverse than ever before. There are several reasons make this diversity challenging for classroom teachers. All of the following are correct, EXCEPT which one?
Most minority children are not accustomed to discipline, thereby increasing classroom management concerns.
Arianna teaches first grade in a public school and has carefully chosen books for her classroom library. She reviews books before putting them in her room and she makes sure she has high-quality books about people of different races and ethnicities, religious affiliations, socioeconomic statuses, mental and physical abilities, gender roles, and so on. This example of her competence might best be labeled as ________.
Multicultural awareness
The population of the United States is rapidly changing and becoming diverse. Currently, California, Hawaii, New Mexico, and the District of Columbia are considered ________ because the total population is made of more minorities than the majority of White residents.
Multicultural-majority states
Even our youngest students are aware of human diversity. Children are keen observers of the differences that exist between themselves and their classmates, as well as between themselves and their teachers. In regard to teaching tolerance in our schools we must remember ________.
Not better, not worse—just different
Mrs. Vonde is a preschool teacher and is hosting a parent night. One of the fathers makes this comment, "It seems that all our son can say is 'no'—he always wants to do things his way." Many of the other parents agreed with his comment wondering what they should do. Mrs. Vonde responded to the concerns by telling them that this type of language is common for preschool children and that they want to do things for themselves. This is a sign ________.
Of children's desire for independence and autonomy
Thom is four years of age and is seen playing with a basket of plastic farm animals. He is sitting near other children playing with plastic animals but is not a part of their play scheme. Thom's form of play at this time is ________.
Parallel play
This type of play occurs when children play with or in the presence of other children.
Social play
Mrs. Sanchez is having her ELL students play the game "Pronoun Jeopardy" at the end of her unit on the use of pronouns. These students are not only having fun, but Mrs. Sanchez is able to use the results of this assessment activity to plan for areas of student improvement. This type of assessment is ________.
Performance-based
Ms. Elizabeth has the children on the carpet and together they are clapping syllables in words as Ms. Elizabeth says them. She says, "computer" and the children clap com-pu-ter (3 claps). This lesson is addressing which aspect of literacy development?
Phonological awareness
Constructivist theory is most often associated with two main theorists. These theorists are ________.
Piaget and Vygotsky
Children in this stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory experience accelerated language development and are egocentric in their thinking.
Preparations stage
What is the most important readiness skill for all children?
Problem solving
Behaviorism is a learning theory that does which of the following?
Promotes learning through rewards and punishment
This assessment tool is a performance and scoring guide that differentiates among levels of performance.
Rubrics
A detailed narrative of a child's behavior that focuses on a sequence of events that occur over a period of time is a/an ________.
Running record
Mrs. Young is an early childhood teacher and she noticed that Maurice was trying to learn to tie his own shoes. As she watched him, she saw that he could make the loops but he got stuck on that step. Mrs. Young sat beside Maurice and demonstrated the next step and together they worked for several minutes. Later that day, with his teacher's assistance, Maurice was proud to report to his family that he could now tie his own shoes. This is an example of which of the following?
Scaffolding
This is one hallmark of children's egocentrism.
Self-talk
This is the stage in Piaget's stage theory that begins at birth and lasts about 2 years.
Sensorimotor
Ms. Jones has been working on a series of lessons about Getting to know myself, getting to know others. Each of these lessons will help children learn about themselves and each other in a respectful manner. Since all the lessons are focused on one central theme, this is an example of ________.
Thematic teaching
This act was strengthened by the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). Through this, schools must establish, implement, and sustain high-quality language instruction programs to insure that all ELs, as well as immigrant children, develop proficient English skills and the skills need to challenging meet academic standards.
Title III
This law prohibits the effects of sexism in public schools. Under this law no one can be denied access to any program or activity within federally funded programs or facilities due to gender. This law is ________.
Title IX of the Education Amendments Act
Screenings are used for the following EXCEPT ________.
To make diagnoses of children's disabilities
Guillermo teaches second grade and conducts instruction in Spanish and English. Due to the number of Spanish speaking ELs in his classroom, he began the year with a small amount of English during the instruction and has now moved to about half of his instruction in English and half in Spanish. This approach is known as ________.
Two-way Immersion
Mr. Linken is a preschool teacher. Since his children are in the preoperational stage of development, the best way he can support his children's learning is by doing which of the following?
Use hands-on activities that give children opportunities for active involvement in the learning.
Mrs. Jameson is teaching in a Prekindergarten classroom for four-year-olds. She observes Valere waiting patiently for a turn to use a tea set. She watches other children play and talks with them about their play activity. The other children do not finish with the tea set before the play period ends, but Valere is seen helping the other children clean up and remains calm and polite. Mrs. Jameson takes out her anecdotal note clipboard and will probably make notes regarding which of the following?
Valere's developing executive functions
This theorist emphasized the critical role of social interactions in the learning process.
Vygotsky
All of the following examples show the teacher practicing cultural competence EXCEPT which one?
When the teacher says to her student, Kayode, "I don't know how to say your name; it's too hard. May I just call you Kay for short?"
