Module 10
What is structure?
The way something is composed/built
What is function?
The way something works
Hypothalamus
homeostasis
Why can't a person describe what they saw if it was on the left side of the Plus sign (+)?
it is going to the right side of the brain where there is no speech to explain what they saw
What goes out?
motor nerves
A mass of nerve cells is called
neurons
What is the base unit of the nervous system?
neurons
Does a reflex involving a painful stimulus get processed in the brain?
no
What goes in?
sensory nerves
What surgical procedure can be used to calm seizures?
sever the corpus collosum
What type of neuron carries the information away from the spinal cord to the muscle or effector organ?
Motor neurons or effector neurons
Where does the Sodium begin?
On the outside of the banana
Does a reflex involving a painful stimulus go through the CNS or just the PNS?
PNS
What nervous system is this(sensory) a part of: CNS or PNS?
PNS
How is myelin formed in the PNS and CNS?
PNS- Schwann cells CNS- oligodendroglial cells
What is the Na+/K+ pump?
Reestablishes the gradient
Parietal lobe
Sensation
Somatosensory cortex
Sensory nerves coming into the brain
What type of receptor receives information when you touch something?
Sensory neurons
Thalamus
Sorting data
List the four sections of the primitive brain.
Spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
Thalamus
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Posterior pituitary
What are the two divisions of the nervous system, and describe them briefly.
The central nervous system (CNS) which contains the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) which contains the remainder of the nerves in the body.
Basal ganglia
The nuclei that control motor control
What does he recommend about the number of connections?
The number of connections form memories. The more things you can get via auditory, verbal, etc. the more likely you are to remember things
Once the Sodium channels close, what happens next?
The potassium channels open up and allow the potassium to exit the banana so we have a balance
List the steps of the action potential at a nerve synapse.
We get an influx of calcium that release the neurotransmitters across the gap that match up with a channel on the other side of the gap, changes its shape so it can take the ions
What is a Schwann cell?
What myelin is made of
What is a reflex?
When your body reacts to a sensory stimulus with a patterned response
What happens during an "electrical storm" in the brain?
a seizure
Sensory neuron
afferent
Midbrain
breathing
What allows the ions to cross the membrane?
channels
Pons
circulation
interneurons
convey information between different types of neurons
motor neurons
convey motor information
sensory neurons
convey sensory information
Put these in the correct order from receiving an action potential to passing it on to the next neuron: cell body, axon, dendrite:
dendrites cell body axon
Medulla oblongata
digestion
Motor neuron
efferent
Which relates to the physiology?
function
What is an action potential?
messages
Brain Stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
What kind of neurotransmitter is GABA
negative or inhibitory neurotransmitter
What side does your left field of view go to in the brain?
right
What is the gap between neurons?
synapse
Frontal Lobe
Emotional control
What is the voltage for the membrane?
-70mV for an average neuron
What is the axon?
Everything from the dendrite to the end of the neuron (axon terminals)
Temporal lobe
Language, hearing, memory
Motor cortex
Motor nerves going out
Posterior pituitary
Sending off hormones
Describe the structure and function of a dendrite.
A web like structure that receive electrical messages
What goes to your brain after you are hurt?
Action potentials
Where does the Potassium begin?
On the inside of the banana
After the sensory neuron, where is a signal sent for processing?
The brain
How should you refer to the hemispheres of the brain?
The left and right hemisphere
Cerebral cortex
The main part of the brain
Cerebellum
Body control and motion memory
What happens to the voltage when the Sodium crosses the membrane?
It will become less and the channels are activated by the mV
What happens when the threshold is met?
It will have an action potential
What do the neurotransmitters do?
Chemicals that send a message to the next neuron
Give an example of radial symmetry
Coral
What connects the two sides of the brain?
Corpus collosum
Cerebrum
Corpus collosum, Basal ganglia, Cerebral cortex, Frontal Lobe, Parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe, Somatosensory cortex, Motor cortex
When do the channels open
Domino effect
What does an inhibitory message mean?
Wants the action potential to stop (don't fire)
What is the threshold measurement?
-55mV
Corpus collosum
A bundle of nerves that connect the 2 hemispheres of the brain
What is myelin?
A fat material that insulates and speeds up the message as it goes
What kinds of functions are found closest to the spinal cord?
Basic functions such as keeping the heart beating, keeping the circulation going, keeping digestion going.
What happens at a node of Ranvier?
Gaps between the myelin where the message jumps
Describe the space between action potentials if the pain is severe or light.
If the pain is severe the space is very short. If the pain is very light there is a lot of space between the action potentials
Which direction does an inhibitory message send the voltage?
It sends the voltage farther down from -70
Occipital lobe
Vision
What does an excitatory message mean?
Wants the action potential to go (fire)
