Electricity (CH 11)

red light

penetrates the deepest and produces the most heat; used on dry skin in combination with oils and creams

wavelength

the distance between two successive frequency peaks is called the

electromagnetic spectrum

the entire range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy) is called the

modalities

the four main ones are galvanic, faradic, sinusoidal, and Tesla high frequency

polarity

the negative or positive state of electric current is

complete circuit

the path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

grounding

the principle of _____________ is another important way of promoting electrical safety

anaphoresis

the process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole

iontophoresis

the process of introducing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current

desincrustation

the process used to soften and liquify grease deposits in the hair follicles and pores is

amp

the unit of measurement for the amount of current running through a wire

infrared rays

these make up 60% of the natural sunlight

Tesla High Frequency

this current is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration

volt

unit for measuring the pressure that forces the electric current forward

catalysts

used to make reactions happen more quickly

disconnected

when appliances are not in use they should be

milliampere

is 1/1000th of an ampere

kilowatt

is 1000 watts and the electricity in your house is measured in this manner

white light

is referred to as "combination light" because it is a combination of all visible rays of the spectrum

UV (ultraviolet rays)

make up 5% of natural sunlight, also referred to as cold rays or actinic rays

visible light

makes up 35% of natural sunlight that we can see

watt

measures how much electric energy is being used in 1 second

ohm

measures the resistance of an electric current

negative galvanic current

not to be used on skin with broken capillaries, pustular acne, or on a client with high blood pressure

UV rays

overexposure to these rays cause premature aging of the skin and skin cancer

rectifier

a _____________ is used to change alternating current (ac) to direct current (dc). AC to DC

converter

a ______________is used to change direct current (dc) into alternating current (ac). DC to AC

galvanic

a constant and direct current, producing chemical changes when it passed through the tissues and fluids of the body

direct current

a constant, ever-flowing current, traveling in one direction

electricity

a form of energy that produces magnetic, chemical, and thermal effects

cathode

a negative electrode is called an

anode

a positive electrode is called an

alternating current

a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction then in the opposite

fuse

a safety device that prevents excessive current from passing through

vaporizer

a steamer or _______________ produces moist, uniform heat that can be applied to the head or face

insulator or nonconductor

a substance that does NOT easily transmit electricity

conductor

a substance that permits electrical current to pass through it

circuit breaker

a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload is a

heating cap

a uniform source of heat can be provided by a

UL certified

all electrical appliances you use should be

ampere

an amp or __________________ is the unit of measurement for the amount of current running through a wire

electrode

an applicator that directs the electric current from the machine to the client's skin

radiant energy

another name for electromagnetic radiation is

apparatus

artificial light rays are produced by using an electrical _______________called a therapeutic lamp

blue light

contains few heat rays and has some germicidal and chemical benefits and should only be used on bare oily skin

matter

electricity does not occupy space or have any physical or chemical properties; therefore it is NOT

electric current

flow of electricity along a conductor is

cataphoresis

forces acidic substances into the deeper tissue using galvanic current