EMT 1st quarter exam

In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of: Select one: A. 30:2. B. 5:1. C. 52. D. 152

A. 30:2.

In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _____ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _____ beats/mins. Select one: A. 60, 100 B. 30, 130 C. 50, 110 D. 40, 120

A. 60, 100

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: Select one: A, liver dysfunction. B. renal insufficiency. C. gallbladder disease. D. acute pancreatitis

A. Liver dysfunction

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: Select one: A. open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. B. tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin. C. apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm D. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway

A. Open his airway with the jaw thrust maneuver

The central nervous system is composed of the: Select one: A. brain and spinal cord. B. spinal cord and sensory nerves. C. brain and sensory nerves. D. motor and sensory nerves. X

A. brain and spinal cord.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: A. foramen magnum. B. foramen ovale. C. vertebral foramen. D. spinous foramen.

A. foramen magnum.

Calming and reassuring an anxious patient can be facilitated by: Select one: A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible. B. using medical terminology to ensure the patient understands. C. withholding unpleasant information until arrival at the hospital. D. positioning yourself at a level that is higher than the patient.

A. maintaining eye contact with the patient whenever possible.

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: A. requires CPR B. regains consciousness C. has increased tidal volume. D. begins to vomit. X

A. requires CPR

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they: Select one: A.offer little or no side protection. B. are not secured with a strap. C. do not have shatterproof lenses. D. have large, rounded lenses.

A.offer little or no side protection.

During each heartbeat, _______ of blood is ejected from the adult heart. This is called stroke volume (SV) Select one: A. 40 to 50 mL B. 100 to 120 mL C. 90 to 100 mL D. 70 to 80 mL

B. 100 to 120 mL

A patient is unstable condition should be reassessed at least every: Select one: A. 10 minutes. B. 5 minutes. C. 15 minutes. D. 20 minutes.

B. 5 minutes

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. a series of back blows and chest thrusts. B. a series of abdominal thrusts. X C. finger sweeps to remove the obstruction . D. encouraging him to cough and transporting

B. Encouraging to cough and transporting

After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the handwritten PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should: Select one: A. cover the error with correction fluid and then write the patient's actual blood pressure over it. B. draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it. C. erase the error, initial it, and then write the correct data on a separate addendum. D. leave the error on the PCR, but inform the staff of the patient's actual blood pressure.

B. draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n): Select one: A. decrease in carbon dioxide, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. increase in oxygen, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. decrease in oxygen, which increases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

B. increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The topographic term used to describe the parts of the body that are nearer to the feet is: Select one : A. internal. B. inferior. C. dorsal. D. superior.

B. inferior.

You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and that the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene, you should: Select one: A. immediately begin evacuating residents who live near the crash site. B. maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars. C. don personal protective equipment and quickly triage all patients. D. cordon off the area and quickly remove all of the injured patients.

B. maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars.

The diaphragm is innervated by the nerve, which allows it to contract. Select one: A. vagus B. phrenic C. vestibulocochlear D. hypoglossal

B. phrenic

The bones of the forearm are called the: Select one: A. tibia and radius. B. radius and ulna. C. humerus and ulna. D. radius and humerus.

B. radius and ulna.

At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: Select one: A. ask a police officer to call dispatch with his portable radio. B. use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. C. place both patients in the ambulance and transport them at once. D. make another attempt to contact dispatch from an area of higher terrain.

B. use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: Select one: A. ventricular relaxation. B. ventricular contraction. C. ventricular filling. D. atrial contraction.

B. ventricular contraction

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: Select one: A. 10 and 18 breaths/min. B. 8 and 15 breaths/min. C. 12 and 20 breaths/min. D. 22 and 24 breaths/min.

C. 12 and 20 breaths/min

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury, and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cherry red, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Select one: A. Increased body temperature B. Severe pulmonary edema C. Carbon monoxide poisoning D. Cold extremities

C. Carbon monoxide poisoning

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. inability to speak. B. acute cyanosis. C. forceful coughing. D. grasping the throat.

C. Forceful coughing

Which of the following is the most appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? select one: A. Portable stretcher B. Wheeled stretcher C. Long backboard D. Scoop stretcher

C. Long backboard

The cervical spine is composed of ________ vertebrae. Select one A. five B. four C. seven D. six

C. Seven

An EMT might injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: Select one: A. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. B. hands are held close to the legs. C. back is bent forward at the hips. D. force is exerted straight down the spine.

C. back is bent forward at the hips.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by: Select one: A. increased blood oxygen. B. venous vasoconstriction. C. decreased blood oxygen. D. peripheral vasodilation

C. decreased blood oxygen.

An EMT would most likely be held liable for abandonment if he or she: Select one: A. remained at the hospital for 30 minutes to give a patient report. B. terminated care of a competent adult patient at his or her request. C. did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient. D, refused to care for a violent patient who is armed with a knife.

C. did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient.

After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to: Select one: A. determine the need for spinal motion restriction precautions. B. look specifically for signs and symptoms of inadequate perfusion. C. identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment. D. find and treat injuries or conditions that do not pose a threat to life.

C. identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.

The capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from stress is called: Select one: A. distress. B. eustress. C. resilience. D. wellness.

C. resilience.

A patients refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be: Select one: A. authorized by a judge B. reported to the police. C. witnessed by a notary. D, an informed refusal.

D, an informed refusal.

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? Select one: A. Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. B. Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-mask device to minimize hypoxia. C. Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations. D. Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device.

D. Altérnate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device

Which of the following most accurately defines negligence? Select one: A. Providing care that is consistent with care provided by other EMTs B. Transport of a mentally incompetent patient against his or her will C. Transferring patient care to a provider with a lower level of training D. Deviation from the standard of care that might result in further injury

D. Deviation from the standard of care that might result in further injury

A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt? Select one: A. Each member of the resuscitation team should update the family at various intervals throughout the attempt. B. A law enforcement officer should prepare the family for the patient's death and contact the funeral home. C. Communication with the family should be minimal until the final outcome of the resuscitation attempt is known D. One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

D. One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called: Select one: A. Korotkoff sounds. B. rhonchi. C. crepitus D. subcutaneous emphysema.

D. Subcutaneous emphysema

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model? Select one: A. EMTs assess a patient whose lung disease is "acting up" B. Paramedics pick up a patient from an acute care clinic C. EMTs respond to a woman who complains of high fever D. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

D. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

Which of the following is an example of closed loop communication? Select one: A. EMTs decide not to attempt resuscitation because the patient has rigor mortis and is cold to the touch. B. The EMT requests permission from medical control to assist a patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin. C. The EMT corrects the team leader, who states that chest compressions should be greater than 3 inches deep. D. The team leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader.

D. The team leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader.

During your assessment of a patient with a chest injury, you note that only one side of his chest moves when he breathes. How should you describe his chest movement? Select one: A. Bidirectional B. Medial C. Paradoxical D. Unilateral

D. Unilateral

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should: Select one: A. maintain eye contact at all times and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared. B. tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay. C. reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time. D. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

D. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion. B. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults. C. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock. D. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

D. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

An appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to: Select one: A. demand that the patient remain quiet and cooperative during transport. B. ignore the patient's feelings and focus on his or her medical complaint. C. reassure the patient that everything will be all right, even if it will not be D. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.

D. continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful.

Putrefaction is defined as: Select one: A. separation of the torso from the rest of the body. B. blood settling to the lowest point of the body. C. profound cyanosis to the trunk and face. D. decomposition of the body's tissues.

D. decomposition of the body's tissues.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called: Select one: A. breathing. B. ventilation. C. osmosis. D. diffusion

D. diffusion

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: Select one: A. function above his or her scope of practice. B. consistently exceed the standard of care. C. contact medical control on every EMS call. D. exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

D. exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

The continuous quality improvement (CQI) process is designed to: Select one: A. focus specifically on the quality of emergency care provided to the patient. B. administer punitive actions to EMTs who do not follow local protocols. C. ensure that all EMTs maintain licensure through the state EMS office. D. identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.

D. identify areas of improvement and provide remedial training if needed.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: A. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. B. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults. C. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate: He develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of: Select one: A. assault. B. battery. C. abandonment. D. negligence.

D. negligence.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called: Select one: A. carpals. B. metacarpals. C. metatarsals D. phalanges.

D. phalanges.

A palpable pulse is created by: Select one: A. electrical conduction in the heart producing contraction of the atria. B. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the veins. C. the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart. D. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

D. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

The carpal bones form the: Select one: A. hand B. ankle. C. foot. D. wrist.

D. wrist.