EMT Exam #5 Review
how to treat compartment syndrome
splint ice elevate
stretching and tearing of LIGAMENTS. most commonly associated w joint injury
sprain
A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon
strain
head hematoma caused by slow venous bleed
subdural
6 P's often associated with compartment syndrome
Pain Paresthesia Pallor Paralysis Pulselessness Poikilothermia
What is the correct order of procedures for a water rescue?
Reach, throw and tow, row, and go
transport to trauma center if gcs below
14
for an infant or child rule of 9 is modified to where the head is __% and legs ___%
18 14
are crush injuries open or closed wounds
both
organs most sensitive to hypoperfusion
brain spine kidneys
ecchymosis
bruise
how do you take a stinger off of skin
brush off with card
The presence of paradoxical motion indicates that the pt could have a flail segment, which would be treated with a ___ ____ if the patient were breathing adequately.
bulky dressing
when burned potential bacteria infection is a concern
butt thigh genitals groin
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: A. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. B. a low blood pressure. C. weakness or dizziness. D. diaphoresis and pale skin.
c
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of musculoskeletal injury? a Indirect force b Twisting or rotational forces c extensive force d Direct force
c
type of breathing associated w icp
cheyne stokes
burns that encircle a body part and constrict the skin and can interrupt circulation to distal tissues
circumferential
fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
comminuted
why shouldn't you apply ice to venom/poison injections
worsens perfusion
can concussions be asymptomatic
yes
what kind of brain hematoma is an arterial bleed, s&s show faster
epidural
end of a long bone
epiphysis
most common amputation
finger
Section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems
flail chest
recommended max on scene time for treating trauma or shock
10 min
The amount of traction applied to the femur should be roughly__% of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.
10
Hyperventilation of a severe brain injury patient is __ ventilations per minute+
20
water conducts heat away ___x time faster than air
25
The chest cavity can hold up to ________ liter(s) of blood in an adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss.
3
flexion gets a __ and extension gets a __ on gcs
3 2
how much blood lost in a pelvic fracture
3-4 pints
severe gcs is less than
8
moderate gcs
9-13
shivering stops when the core body temp drops below
90
Your patient is a 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned? a. 18 percent b. 9 percent c. 36 percent d. 4.5 percent
A
silver fork deformity
Colles fracture
vertebrae of the spine fuse together and creates great vulnerability to spinal injury
ankylosing spondylitis
why is it important to note the time when tourniquet applied
acidosis
clavicle-scapula joint
acromion
__ ____ presents with frothy blood in the mouth and a sudden lapse into unconsciousness.
air embolism
Which of the traumatic chest injuries may result in massive, often fatal internal hemorrhage?
aortic dissection
may cause blood pressures and pulse pressures that are different bilaterally and also from upper and lower extremities.
aortic dissection
You are dispatched to an auto repair shop for an "accident." You arrive and are told by the owner that one of the workers apparently got his hand in the way while using a high-pressure grease gun and injected the grease into his hand. You find the patient seated in a chair with a coworker applying ice to the injured hand. Your examination reveals a minor round laceration in the hand.The patient is complaining of pain in the area but wants to let the wound take care of itself and go back to work. What should you do? a. The patient is correct. This type of wound will heal on its own and he can go back to work. b. Remove the ice from the wound, then elevate and splint the limb. Transport the patient high priority. c. Continue to apply cold, elevate and splint the limb, and transport the patient high priority. d. Tell the patient that if it does not get better within the next few days he should consult his own doctor.
b
raccoon eyes are seen if fracture is where
basilar
bruising behind ears indicative of a basilar skull fracture
battles sign
suspect a fracture if splinting makes it feel
better
You are assessing a patient who is unconscious but who responds to painful stimuli by attempting to push away the painful stimulus (for instance, a pinch on the leg) with his hand. How would you score his motor response according to the Glasgow Coma Scale? A. 6 B. 4 C. 5 D. 3
c
You are caring for a 19-year-old female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She sustained blunt force trauma to her face with contusions, swelling, and minor bleeding throughout her facial region. Which of the following findings MOST strongly suggests a fractured mandible? A. Bleeding from the nose B. Tenderness to palpation of her zygomatic bone C. Lower teeth that are out of alignment in the front D. Inability to close her mouth from a wide-open position
c
You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you do? a. Because of his age, immediately put him in your ambulance and transport him to a burn center. b. Call for air transport and continue to pour water on the burns until transport arrives. c. Care for the burn and do a complete patient assessment, including cervical spine precautions. d. Before doing treatment, call the local burn center for instruction.
c
usually penetrating trauma signs of shock narrow pulse pressure distended veins (bc blood backs up) weak pulse
cardiac tamponade
A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat. causes arrest
commotio cordis
Of the following venomous snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a "dry bite?"
coral snake
partial/full thickness burn on face hands feet genitalia >10% full thickness >30% partial thickness circumferential burns, burns complicated by other injuries
critical
Umbilical ecchymosis often related to pancreatitis.
cullens sign
A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious, but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should: A. assess his blood pressure to detect hypotension. B. elevate his legs, keep him warm, and transport. C. stabilize his pelvis by placing him onto his side. D. apply a compression device around his pelvis.
d
If you are caring for a patient with a bee sting and the stinger is still present, what is the BEST way to remove it? A.Slowly and carefully remove it by hand. B.Use a specially designed tweezer device. C.Leave it in place until arrival at the hospital. D.Remove it quickly.
d
In caring for a 27-year-old male who has a large laceration on his anterior forearm, you have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next? a. Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. b. Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. c. Apply a tourniquet. d. Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.
d
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 5% B. 15% C. 10% D. 20%
d
When you are stabilizing an impaled object in the head, always: A. cover both the patient's eyes as well. B. avoid wrapping the dressing around the head, as this may increase pressure in the head. C. use a pressure-type dressing such as elastic wrap to hold the object in place. D. use bulky and rigid support.
d
Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? a. They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage .b. They may be caused by penetrating trauma .c. They may be caused by blunt trauma. d. All of the above
d
Which of the following is used to reduce the pain from injection of venom by a marine animal? A.Saline solution B.Cold water C.Ice D.Hot water/Vinegar
d
You are assessing a victim of a gunshot wound to the head. Her eyes are open, but she does not follow or track any movement. There is no eye blink, and her pupils are fixed and dilated. Her motor response score is a 1, and her verbal response is a 1 as well. What is her eye-opening score? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1
d
You are dispatched to a local industrial plant for an "electrical injury." You arrive on-scene and find a46-year-old male lying supine in front of an electrical panel. You are told he was attempting to make a repair and somehow received an electrical shock and was thrown to the ground. The scene is safe and the electricity is off. Your initial exam reveals a conscious person, breathing adequately.Vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of burns. Coworkers state that he was unconscious until your arrival. What is the next step? a. Load and go—conduct any other care in the ambulance en route due to the potential seriousness of the burns. b. Put the patient on oxygen and help him into your ambulance. c. Stay with the patient awhile, and if he does not appear to be in distress, encourage him to refuse care. d. While on the scene, rapidly do a complete assessment, provide oxygen, provide care for potential spine injuries, and transport as soon as possible after the exam.
d
An injury that results from a force that tries to increase the length of a body part or separate one body part from another.
distraction
incomplete fracture
greenstick
patients with a significant moi should be considered to have an internal
hemorrhage
cyanosis flat neck veins respiratory distresss shock cold clammy breath sounds absent hypo resonant (tap on chest and hear thud instead of echo)
hemothorax
Pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure. causes decorticate or decebrate posturing
herniation
If a cervical collar is too large, _____ of the neck may occur.
hyperextension
Irrational behavior is a hallmark sign of severe ______ in a patient.
hypothermia
The type of shock most commonly seen by EMT's.
hypovolemic
what can increase tissue damage in vemom bites
ice tourniquet
when to remove a helmet
interferes with ability to assess and manage airway improperly fitted interferes with immobilization cardiac arrest
2% full thickness burn (excluding face hands feet genitalia) 15% partial thickness 50% superficial
minor burn
2-10% full thickness 15-30% partial thickness >50% superficial
moderate burn
which 3 places get an occlusive dressing
neck chest abdomen
black widow affects which body system
neuro
when should you realign a bone
no pulse, cyanotic, angulated
The PASG may be used to stabilize a fractured ____. (pneumatic antishock garment)
pelvis
contraindication of traction splint
pelvis hip knee injury avulsion/amputation injury thatd interefere w ankle hitch
puncture wound that has an entrance and exit
perforating
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
petechiae
Injury to the _____ nerve originating at the 4th cervical vertebra may interfere with breathing. Injuries high in the cervical spine (C-1 through C-5) will often leave the patient unable to breathe on his own if he survives the injury at all.
phrenic
most common hip dislocation. leg rotated inward, hip is flexed, knee is bent. foot drop and unable to flex foot or lift toes. may be lack of sensation, could mean damage to sciatic nerve
posterior
In a blast injury name the: primary secondary tertiary Quaternary stages
pressure wave projectile fall to ground toxins
why is it bad to be cold during shock
reduces clotting
blunt trauma is most common in ___ areas
rural
treat a crush injury as if you are treating for *also splint/ice, be ready for vomit
shock
trauma assessment steps
size up primary rapid trauma vitals sample focused exam (pms)
late signs of shock
thirst dilated pupils cyanosis pulse pressure
The correct sequence for securing the straps on KED is the __ ___ ___
torso legs head
What is the most important intervention an EMT can perform for an unstable multisystem trauma patient?
transport
A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck.
traumatic asphyxia
why are burns more fatal for geriatrics
underlying medical conditions