EMT Exam #5 Review

how to treat compartment syndrome

splint ice elevate

stretching and tearing of LIGAMENTS. most commonly associated w joint injury

sprain

A condition resulting from damaging a muscle or tendon

strain

head hematoma caused by slow venous bleed

subdural

6 P's often associated with compartment syndrome

Pain Paresthesia Pallor Paralysis Pulselessness Poikilothermia

What is the correct order of procedures for a water​ rescue?

Reach, throw and​ tow, row, and go

transport to trauma center if gcs below

14

for an infant or child rule of 9 is modified to where the head is __% and legs ___%

18 14

are crush injuries open or closed wounds

both

organs most sensitive to hypoperfusion

brain spine kidneys

ecchymosis

bruise

how do you take a stinger off of skin

brush off with card

The presence of paradoxical motion indicates that the pt could have a flail segment, which would be treated with a ___ ____ if the patient were breathing adequately.

bulky dressing

when burned potential bacteria infection is a concern

butt thigh genitals groin

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be: A. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. B. a low blood pressure. C. weakness or dizziness. D. diaphoresis and pale skin.

c

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of musculoskeletal injury? a Indirect force b Twisting or rotational forces c extensive force d Direct force

c

type of breathing associated w icp

cheyne stokes

burns that encircle a body part and constrict the skin and can interrupt circulation to distal tissues

circumferential

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

comminuted

why shouldn't you apply ice to venom/poison injections

worsens perfusion

can concussions be asymptomatic

yes

what kind of brain hematoma is an arterial bleed, s&s show faster

epidural

end of a long bone

epiphysis

most common amputation

finger

Section of the chest wall that is unstable, leading to breathing problems

flail chest

recommended max on scene time for treating trauma or shock

10 min

The amount of traction applied to the femur should be roughly__% of the patient's body weight and not exceed 15 pounds.

10

Hyperventilation of a severe brain injury patient is __ ventilations per minute+

20

water conducts heat away ___x time faster than air

25

The chest cavity can hold up to ________ liter(s) of blood in an adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss.

3

flexion gets a __ and extension gets a __ on gcs

3 2

how much blood lost in a pelvic fracture

3-4 pints

severe gcs is less than

8

moderate gcs

9-13

shivering stops when the core body temp drops below

90

Your patient is a 40-year-old man who was burned when he spilled gasoline on his pants as he was standing near the pilot light of his hot water heater. He has partial thickness burns from his feet to just above his knees, and circumferentially around both legs. Using the rule of nines, which of the following most accurately represents the extent of body surface area burned? a. 18 percent b. 9 percent c. 36 percent d. 4.5 percent

A

silver fork deformity

Colles fracture

vertebrae of the spine fuse together and creates great vulnerability to spinal injury

ankylosing spondylitis

why is it important to note the time when tourniquet applied

acidosis

clavicle-scapula joint

acromion

__ ____ presents with frothy blood in the mouth and a sudden lapse into unconsciousness.

air embolism

Which of the traumatic chest injuries may result in massive, often fatal internal hemorrhage?

aortic dissection

may cause blood pressures and pulse pressures that are different bilaterally and also from upper and lower extremities.

aortic dissection

You are dispatched to an auto repair shop for an "accident." You arrive and are told by the owner that one of the workers apparently got his hand in the way while using a high-pressure grease gun and injected the grease into his hand. You find the patient seated in a chair with a coworker applying ice to the injured hand. Your examination reveals a minor round laceration in the hand.The patient is complaining of pain in the area but wants to let the wound take care of itself and go back to work. What should you do? a. The patient is correct. This type of wound will heal on its own and he can go back to work. b. Remove the ice from the wound, then elevate and splint the limb. Transport the patient high priority. c. Continue to apply cold, elevate and splint the limb, and transport the patient high priority. d. Tell the patient that if it does not get better within the next few days he should consult his own doctor.

b

raccoon eyes are seen if fracture is where

basilar

bruising behind ears indicative of a basilar skull fracture

battles sign

suspect a fracture if splinting makes it feel

better

You are assessing a patient who is unconscious but who responds to painful stimuli by attempting to push away the painful stimulus​ (for instance, a pinch on the​ leg) with his hand. How would you score his motor response according to the Glasgow Coma​ Scale? A. 6 B. 4 C. 5 D. 3

c

You are caring for a​ 19-year-old female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She sustained blunt force trauma to her face with​ contusions, swelling, and minor bleeding throughout her facial region. Which of the following findings MOST strongly suggests a fractured​ mandible? A. Bleeding from the nose B. Tenderness to palpation of her zygomatic bone C. Lower teeth that are out of alignment in the front D. Inability to close her mouth from a​ wide-open position

c

You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you do? a. Because of his age, immediately put him in your ambulance and transport him to a burn center. b. Call for air transport and continue to pour water on the burns until transport arrives. c. Care for the burn and do a complete patient assessment, including cervical spine precautions. d. Before doing treatment, call the local burn center for instruction.

c

usually penetrating trauma signs of shock narrow pulse pressure distended veins (bc blood backs up) weak pulse

cardiac tamponade

A blunt chest injury caused by a sudden, direct blow to the chest that occurs only during the critical portion of a person's heartbeat. causes arrest

commotio cordis

Of the following venomous snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a "dry bite?"

coral snake

partial/full thickness burn on face hands feet genitalia >10% full thickness >30% partial thickness circumferential burns, burns complicated by other injuries

critical

Umbilical ecchymosis often related to pancreatitis.

cullens sign

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious, but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should: A. assess his blood pressure to detect hypotension. B. elevate his legs, keep him warm, and transport. C. stabilize his pelvis by placing him onto his side. D. apply a compression device around his pelvis.

d

If you are caring for a patient with a bee sting and the stinger is still​ present, what is the BEST way to remove​ it? A.Slowly and carefully remove it by hand. B.Use a specially designed tweezer device. C.Leave it in place until arrival at the hospital. D.Remove it quickly.

d

In caring for a 27-year-old male who has a large laceration on his anterior forearm, you have noticed that your pressure dressing has become saturated with blood. Which of the following should you do next? a. Remove the saturated dressings and apply a large trauma dressing. b. Apply an ice pack over the original dressing. c. Apply a tourniquet. d. Apply additional dressing material over the top of the original dressing and bandage it in place.

d

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 5% B. 15% C. 10% D. 20%

d

When you are stabilizing an impaled object in the​ head, always: A. cover both the​ patient's eyes as well. B. avoid wrapping the dressing around the​ head, as this may increase pressure in the head. C. use a​ pressure-type dressing such as elastic wrap to hold the object in place. D. use bulky and rigid support.

d

Which of the following is true concerning lacerations? a. They may indicate deeper underlying tissue damage .b. They may be caused by penetrating trauma .c. They may be caused by blunt trauma. d. All of the above

d

Which of the following is used to reduce the pain from injection of venom by a marine​ animal? A.Saline solution B.Cold water C.Ice D.Hot water/Vinegar

d

You are assessing a victim of a gunshot wound to the head. Her eyes are​ open, but she does not follow or track any movement. There is no eye​ blink, and her pupils are fixed and dilated. Her motor response score is a​ 1, and her verbal response is a 1 as well. What is her​ eye-opening score? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1

d

You are dispatched to a local industrial plant for an "electrical injury." You arrive on-scene and find a46-year-old male lying supine in front of an electrical panel. You are told he was attempting to make a repair and somehow received an electrical shock and was thrown to the ground. The scene is safe and the electricity is off. Your initial exam reveals a conscious person, breathing adequately.Vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of burns. Coworkers state that he was unconscious until your arrival. What is the next step? a. Load and go—conduct any other care in the ambulance en route due to the potential seriousness of the burns. b. Put the patient on oxygen and help him into your ambulance. c. Stay with the patient awhile, and if he does not appear to be in distress, encourage him to refuse care. d. While on the scene, rapidly do a complete assessment, provide oxygen, provide care for potential spine injuries, and transport as soon as possible after the exam.

d

An injury that results from a force that tries to increase the length of a body part or separate one body part from another.

distraction

incomplete fracture

greenstick

patients with a significant moi should be considered to have an internal

hemorrhage

cyanosis flat neck veins respiratory distresss shock cold clammy breath sounds absent hypo resonant (tap on chest and hear thud instead of echo)

hemothorax

Pushing of a portion of the brain through the foramen magnum as a result of increased intracranial pressure. causes decorticate or decebrate posturing

herniation

If a cervical collar is too large, _____ of the neck may occur.

hyperextension

Irrational behavior is a hallmark sign of severe ______ in a patient.

hypothermia

The type of shock most commonly seen by EMT's.

hypovolemic

what can increase tissue damage in vemom bites

ice tourniquet

when to remove a helmet

interferes with ability to assess and manage airway improperly fitted interferes with immobilization cardiac arrest

2% full thickness burn (excluding face hands feet genitalia) 15% partial thickness 50% superficial

minor burn

2-10% full thickness 15-30% partial thickness >50% superficial

moderate burn

which 3 places get an occlusive dressing

neck chest abdomen

black widow affects which body system

neuro

when should you realign a bone

no pulse, cyanotic, angulated

The PASG may be used to stabilize a fractured ____. (pneumatic antishock garment)

pelvis

contraindication of traction splint

pelvis hip knee injury avulsion/amputation injury thatd interefere w ankle hitch

puncture wound that has an entrance and exit

perforating

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

petechiae

Injury to the _____ nerve originating at the 4th cervical vertebra may interfere with breathing. Injuries high in the cervical spine (C-1 through C-5) will often leave the patient unable to breathe on his own if he survives the injury at all.

phrenic

most common hip dislocation. leg rotated inward, hip is flexed, knee is bent. foot drop and unable to flex foot or lift toes. may be lack of sensation, could mean damage to sciatic nerve

posterior

In a blast injury name the: primary secondary tertiary Quaternary stages

pressure wave projectile fall to ground toxins

why is it bad to be cold during shock

reduces clotting

blunt trauma is most common in ___ areas

rural

treat a crush injury as if you are treating for *also splint/ice, be ready for vomit

shock

trauma assessment steps

size up primary rapid trauma vitals sample focused exam (pms)

late signs of shock

thirst dilated pupils cyanosis pulse pressure

The correct sequence for securing the straps on KED is the __ ___ ___

torso legs head

What is the most important intervention an EMT can perform for an unstable multisystem trauma patient?

transport

A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from the great vessels back into the head and neck.

traumatic asphyxia

why are burns more fatal for geriatrics

underlying medical conditions